The association of acylcarnitines and amino acids with age in Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese living in Amsterdam.

Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease occur more frequently, and at a younger age in South-Asians than Europeans. This may be related to differences in regulation of the fatty acid metabolism during aging. We compared age-related acylcarnitine and amino acid concentrations. We measured types of acylcarnitine and amino acid concentrations in plasma (by tandem-MS) in a random subsample of 350 Dutch and 350 South-Asian Surinamese origin participants of the HELIUS study (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). We derived principal components (PCs) from the metabolites. Linear regression was used to assess differences in PCs and individual metabolite concentrations, and their age-trends between the groups by sex. We adjusted for BMI and intake of fat and total energy. Mean age was 44.8 (SD 13.3) years. Many metabolite concentrations were higher among South-Asian Surinamese participants compared to Dutch participants; amino acids in women, and both acylcarnitines and amino acids in men. Metabolite levels increased similarly with age in both ethnic groups. Results remained similar after adjustment. Ethnic differences in metabolite concentrations suggest that fatty acid and amino acid metabolism are more dysregulated among South-Asian Surinamese compared to Dutch from a young age. During adulthood metabolites increase similarly in both ethnic groups

Gap-filling eddy covariance methane fluxes:Comparison of machine learning model predictions and uncertainties at FLUXNET-CH4 wetlands

Time series of wetland methane fluxes measured by eddy covariance require gap-filling to estimate daily, seasonal, and annual emissions. Gap-filling methane fluxes is challenging because of high variability and complex responses to multiple drivers. To date, there is no widely established gap-filling standard for wetland methane fluxes, with regards both to the best model algorithms and predictors. This study synthesizes results of different gap-filling methods systematically applied at 17 wetland sites spanning boreal to tropical regions and including all major wetland classes and two rice paddies. Procedures are proposed for: 1) creating realistic artificial gap scenarios, 2) training and evaluating gap-filling models without overstating performance, and 3) predicting half-hourly methane fluxes and annual emissions with realistic uncertainty estimates. Performance is compared between a conventional method (marginal distribution sampling) and four machine learning algorithms. The conventional method achieved similar median performance as the machine learning models but was worse than the best machine learning models and relatively insensitive to predictor choices. Of the machine learning models, decision tree algorithms performed the best in cross-validation experiments, even with a baseline predictor set, and artificial neural networks showed comparable performance when using all predictors. Soil temperature was frequently the most important predictor whilst water table depth was important at sites with substantial water table fluctuations, highlighting the value of data on wetland soil conditions. Raw gap-filling uncertainties from the machine learning models were underestimated and we propose a method to calibrate uncertainties to observations. The python code for model development, evaluation, and uncertainty estimation is publicly available. This study outlines a modular and robust machine learning workflow and makes recommendations for, and evaluates an improved baseline of, methane gap-filling models that can be implemented in multi-site syntheses or standardized products from regional and global flux networks (e.g., FLUXNET)

Enhancement of the nucleation of smooth and dense nanocrystalline diamond films by using molybdenum seed layers

Contains fulltext : 83861.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)9 p

[Alcohol and traumatic death in Jalisco]

A review of 4,102 autopsies was carried out during 1989-1991 at the Medical Examiner Office in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, to determine the frequency of high blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in fatal injuries, and the importance of alcohol consumption as a risk factor in homicide. Males showed the highest proportion of positive BAC in every event and age group. BAC > or = 0.001 g/ml was most frequently positive in homicides (56%), followed by unintentional injuries (45%) and suicides (35%). After adjusting for age, sex and year of autopsy, the differences were statistically significant

Alcohol and traumatic death in Jalisco [Alcohol y muerte traumática en Jalisco.]

A review of 4,102 autopsies was carried out during 1989-1991 at the Medical Examiner Office in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, to determine the frequency of high blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in fatal injuries, and the importance of alcohol consumption as a risk factor in homicide. Males showed the highest proportion of positive BAC in every event and age group. BAC > or = 0.001 g/ml was most frequently positive in homicides (56%), followed by unintentional injuries (45%) and suicides (35%). After adjusting for age, sex and year of autopsy, the differences were statistically significant

[Alcohol and traumatic death in Jalisco]

A review of 4,102 autopsies was carried out during 1989-1991 at the Medical Examiner Office in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, to determine the frequency of high blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in fatal injuries, and the importance of alcohol consumption as a risk factor in homicide. Males showed the highest proportion of positive BAC in every event and age group. BAC > or = 0.001 g/ml was most frequently positive in homicides (56%), followed by unintentional injuries (45%) and suicides (35%). After adjusting for age, sex and year of autopsy, the differences were statistically significant

Alcohol and traumatic death in Jalisco [Alcohol y muerte traumática en Jalisco.]

A review of 4,102 autopsies was carried out during 1989-1991 at the Medical Examiner Office in the state of Jalisco, Mexico, to determine the frequency of high blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in fatal injuries, and the importance of alcohol consumption as a risk factor in homicide. Males showed the highest proportion of positive BAC in every event and age group. BAC > or = 0.001 g/ml was most frequently positive in homicides (56%), followed by unintentional injuries (45%) and suicides (35%). After adjusting for age, sex and year of autopsy, the differences were statistically significant

Growth and adhesion of hot filament chemical vapor deposited diamond coatings on surface modified high speed steel

Contains fulltext : 75296.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)9 p