Bisimulations over DLTS in O(m.log n)-time

The well known Hopcroft's algorithm to minimize deterministic complete automata runs in $O(kn\log n)$-time, where $k$ is the size of the alphabet and $n$ the number of states. The main part of this algorithm corresponds to the computation of a coarsest bisimulation over a finite Deterministic Labelled Transition System (DLTS). By applying techniques we have developed in the case of simulations, we design a new algorithm which computes the coarsest bisimulation over a finite DLTS in $O(m\log n)$-time and $O(k+m+n)$-space, with $m$ the number of transitions. The underlying DLTS does not need to be complete and thus: $m\leq kn$. This new algorithm is much simpler than the two others found in the literature.Comment: Submitted to DLT'1

The Affect of a Victimas Language on the Likelihood of Bystander Intervention

The purpose of this experiment is to find out whether language affects the likelihood of bystander intervention In society there is a lot of linguistic prejudice and bias against people who do not speak the native language Gluszek 2010 The experiment took place in a park in which one confederate pretended to have a sprained ankle and the researcher was far away recording the results The subjects were adults who passed by the scene and they were debriefed afterwards Results showed that the likelihood of bystander intervention was greater when the victim asked for help in English as opposed to a foreign language Albanian When the victim was asking for help in English about 68 of the bystanders intervened and about 32 did not intervene However when the victim was asking for help in Albanian about 53 intervened and 47 of the bystanders did not The total number of subjects was 180 bystanders Overall the likelihood of bystander intervention was greater when the victim speaks Englis

An Examination of Women’s Rights in South Korea: From “New Women” to Female Idols

Between 2000 and 2022, South Korean popular music and the accompanying entertainment industry contributed to a unique solidarity among young Korean women, whilst also perpetuating harmful stereotypes. The widespread popularity of all-girl music groups from Korea has motivated women around the world, including in Korea itself, to stand on their own and establish recognition without the influence of men. This relatively new era in Korean feminist thought requires historical contextualization in order to fully appreciate and comprehend its impact on a globalized society. The evolution of feminist thought in South Korea encompasses the accumulation of knowledge from various conversations on their struggle for modernity, as well as social and political developments before and during the Colonial Period, post-Korean War democratization, and the 2000s amid various economic crises. By periodizing gender history within South Korea over the last 600 years, this project examines the impact of male proprietorship, hegemonic femininity, and various socioeconomic changes across multiple eras of Korean history. A deconstruction and analysis of an imbalanced society, which has become segregated by sex, will occur. Then, through an analysis on how the nurturing of a Confucius ideology cultivated a modern, industrialized society with male dominated tendencies and poor responses to women’s rights, topics such as the #MeToo Movement, international feminist theories, the Korean Women’s Movement, and modern Korean girl groups will be used to understand Korea’s political and social patriarchy and the ways women’s rights are being fought for and communicated by way of its popular media today

The Importance of Cross-System Collaboration for Dual Status Youth

Dual Status Youth (DSY), youth who receive supervision from both the juvenile justice and child welfare systems, are more vulnerable than youth who are only involved in one of these child-serving systems. Dually-involved youth have more detrimental outcomes in exposure to trauma, homelessness, substance abuse, recidivism, health problems, and protective indicators (factors such as education, peer or family support, employment, and coping skills) than youth who are only involved in one system (Narendorf et al., 2020). It is more common for youth to initially be involved in child welfare and become a part of the juvenile justice system later than vice versa; only about 8% of youth from the juvenile justice system transition to child welfare (Kim et al., 2021). A cross-system collaboration is pivotal to the success of these individuals because it would allow for better communication and engagement between the family and the systems as well as increase the services available to successfully overcome the barriers that DSY face (McMinn et al., 2021). The Lancaster County DSY Initiative will encourage collaboration between the two child-serving systems that would allow for better communication and datasharing, thus ensuring success for DSY. However, for it to be successful, employees and families must be aware of its existence and purpose

Principles of Restorative Justice: Settlement of Criminal Cases in Indigenous Peoples of Dukuh Village, Ciroyom Village

In Indonesia there are still many community groups that still adhere to customary laws, one of which is the indigenous people of Kampung Dukuh, located in Ciroyom Village, Cikelet District, Garut Regency, West Java. One of the values of wisdom that is still maintained by these indigenous peoples is resolving problems related to criminal law violations by way of deliberation and providing a kind of offering or compensation to the victim which is called ngahaturanan pour (invites to eat) and then a peace occurs. between the perpetrator and the victim. The purpose of this research is to find out how the process of resolving criminal offenses in the Dukuh customary village is based on the principles of restorative justice and what is the role of law enforcement officials in handling criminal cases that occur in the Dukuh customary village area. The method that the authors use in this study is descriptive analysis method and uses normative juridical methods in its approach. The results of the study show the application of the principles of restorative justice in the settlement of criminal violations that occurred in the Dukuh traditional village, namely by conducting deliberations that aim to reconcile between the perpetrator and the victim, then the perpetrator also gives some compensation to the victim in the form of food and agricultural products it is called ngahaturanan pour (allowing to eat) then if the intention of peace made by the perpetrator to the victim is then accepted, then the perpetrator will be bathed by traditional leaders with certain prayers so that the sins of the perpetrator can be erased. The participation of law enforcement officials in dealing with cases of criminal violations that occur in the midst of the Dukuh Village customary community is to carry out a process of investigation and investigation of criminal cases which are felt to be handled directly by the police even though in reality the case has been resolved legally custom

Reporting of Doctoral Student Attrition: A Policy Brief

Roughly half of all doctoral students in the United States will never complete their degree requirements (Council of Graduate Schools, 2020). That staggering number is larger for ethnic minority and female students, particularly for Black students who have the lowest completion rate (47 percent) and who make up only 13 percent of doctoral degrees (Lovitts, 2001). Additionally, retention rates for online students are an additional 10 to 20 percent lower than students who attend in-person (Rovai & Wighting, 2005). Thus, ethnic minority students in online doctoral programs are at a higher risk of not finishing their degrees compared to other genders and races (American Psychological Association, 2020). While research has focused on understanding undergraduate student persistence (Astin, 1999; Bean, 1982; Tinto, 1988) graduate student persistence, particularly doctoral student persistence has been largely underresearched. Given the staggeringly low percentage rate of doctoral student completion, particularly in online doctoral programs, more research is needed to explore this phenomenon. These attrition rates have maintained at steady unacceptable levels for decades and research is starting to identify corrective measures. Accountability for reporting retention rates largely does not exist in the U.S. unless reported to a specific academic governing body or by the university itself. There is no mandatory reporting policy for this student data and data for these retention statistics often goes unreported or underreported by means of a self-report to the NCSES each year (NCSES, 2021)

Why People Pee in Public: Is a Lack of Public Restrooms Keeping Portland Too Weird?

Various factors, including gender, housing status, socioeconomic status, and disability, impact access to public restrooms in Portland, Oregon. A pilot program involving the implementation of public restrooms has caused a significant reduction in public defecation in San Francisco. This research demonstrates the efficacy of this existing working model, which could be similarly implemented in Portland with some adjustments. Portland has the Portland Loos, which are single-stall, outdoor public restrooms. Still, many are not open 24 hours. An analysis of publicly available Google reviews indicates consistent poor cleanliness and Portland Loos being locked at times when they are advertised to be open, especially in downtown locations. While Portland has many public restrooms, like Portland Loos, the fact that some are ill-maintained or closed when they shouldn’t be indicates that they are not making enough positive change. In addition, many restrooms in facilities like restaurants require purchasing products when they previously did not or no longer allow restroom access, even with a purchase. The next step in this research is to implement survey distribution and analysis surrounding the intersectionality of public restroom access, uncovering potential inequities and assessing the specific requirements needed to augment the existing model successfully to fit the city