Frequência de ocorrência de precipitação pluviométrica em Montes Claros-MG

Em sua maioria, os projetos de irrigação implantados em regiões que possuem caráter complementar às precipitações pluviométricas têm sido elaborados em termos de irrigação total, esta prática faz com que os sistemas sejam superdimensionados. A literatura recomenda que, nesses casos, seja adotado, por ocasião do dimensionamento, o critério da precipitação provável, ou seja, aquele valor de precipitação que ocorre a determinado nível de probabilidade. O conhecimento da frequência das precipitações é de extremo interesse para o dimensionamento de vertedouros de barragens, de canais, galerias pluviais, bueiros e barragens de abastecimento de água e para o planejamento agrícola e dimensionamento de sistema de irrigação complementar. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar a análise de frequência de ocorrência pluviométrica no município de Montes Claros – MG. Utilizou-se um banco de dados, de 20 anos de precipitação pluviométrica diária, proveniente do INMET, a partir do qual se calculou a frequência de ocorrência da precipitação pluviométrica deste município. Através desta pesquisa pode se observar que a precipitação média anual foi de 1017,11mm, com desvio padrão de 258,32 mm e apresentou um total de 1642 dias chuvosos com média de 82,10 dias de chuva por ano. A maior precipitação ocorrida durante esse período foi de 145 mm, sendo que no intervalo de 140,1-145 mm a sua frequência de ocorrência é de 0,03%, em contra partida os dias que não ocorreram chuva apresentam a maior probabilidade com 77,39 % e o intervalo de 0,1-5,0 mm foi o de maior frequência de ocorrência de precipitação com 22,61%

Flipping the Classroom: Reflections on the flipped classroom and teaching practice in Philosophy in the Higher Education

The new Coronavirus Pandemic has revealed the need for a methodological redefinition of teaching and learning attitude of teachers and students, through the pedagogical use of digital technologies. Therefore, this article aims to present reflections on the use of the Flipped Classroom methodology as a re-signifying possibility for the teaching of Philosophy in Higher Education, considering the context of remote emergency teaching. Assuming that there is a concern with the didactic-pedagogical and sociopolitical process of teaching and learning that constitutes teaching practice in the teaching of Philosophy in Brazilian Academies, the question is: what are the advantages and challenges of using the flipped classroom methodology in the process of teaching and learning Philosophy in Higher Education? For this, two fundamental aspects of the formal educational process are discussed: the first refers to the didactic-pedagogical and sociopolitical aspects of the teaching and learning process that constitute the teaching practice, as the content and didactics are emphasized. that is, the “what” and the “how to teach” and the second, it is about the need for re-signification/updating of traditional teaching in face of active methodologies. Based on the current context of remote teaching and/or hybrid teaching in Higher Education in Brazil, it is concluded that is necessary to reframe pedagogical practice in terms of the production of academic knowledge, without losing sight of the conditions in which it is produced

Effects of aerobic exercise training on cardiac renin-angiotensin system in an obese Zucker rat strain

Objective: Obesity and renin angiotensin system (RAS) hyperactivity are profoundly involved in cardiovascular diseases, however aerobic exercise training (EXT) can prevent obesity and cardiac RAS activation. The study hypothesis was to investigate whether obesity and its association with EXT alter the systemic and cardiac RAS components in an obese Zucker rat strain. Methods: The rats were divided into the following groups: Lean Zucker rats (LZR); lean Zucker rats plus EXT (LZR+EXT); obese Zucker rats (OZR) and obese Zucker rats plus EXT (OZR+EXT). EXT consisted of 10 weeks of 60-min swimming sessions, 5 days/week. At the end of the training protocol heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), cardiac hypertrophy (CH) and function, local and systemic components of RAS were evaluated. Also, systemic glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and its LDL and HDL fractions were measured. Results: The resting HR decreased (, 12%) for both LZR+EXT and OZR+EXT. However, only the LZR+EXT reached significance (p, 0.05), while a tendency was found for OZR versus OZR+EXT (p = 0.07). In addition, exercise reduced (57%) triglycerides and (61%) LDL in the OZR+EXT. The systemic angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity did not differ regardless of obesity and EXT, however, the OZR and OZR+EXT showed (66%) and (42%), respectively, less angiotensin II (Ang II) plasma concentration when compared with LZR. Furthermore, the results showed that EXT in the OZR prevented increase in CH, cardiac ACE activity, Ang II and AT2 receptor caused by obesity. In addition, exercise augmented cardiac ACE2 in both training groups. Conclusion: Despite the unchanged ACE and lower systemic Ang II levels in obesity, the cardiac RAS was increased in OZR and EXT in obese Zucker rats reduced some of the cardiac RAS components and prevented obesity-related CH. These results show that EXT prevented the heart RAS hyperactivity and cardiac maladaptive morphological alterations in obese Zucker rats.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnologicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [MCT/CNPq 485720/07-8)]Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [07/52458-0, 07/56771-4]Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)CNPq (Brazil)CNPq, Brazil [307591/2009-3

Uso de inibidores do cotransportador sódio-glicose 2 e sua relação com infecções geniturinárias

Introdução: Os Inibidores do Cotransportador Sódio-Glicose 2 (SGLT2) representam uma classe de antidiabéticos que têm se apresentado como uma alternativa promissora para o controle glicêmico de pacientes diabéticos. Ademais, sua aplicação estende-se ao tratamento de indivíduos com insuficiência cardíaca sintomática, atribuída aos efeitos de depleção de volume e às propriedades cardioprotetoras associadas. Todavia, surge um importante questionamento clínico sobre a possível relação entre o aumento da excreção urinária de glicose e o potencial incremento nas taxas de bacteriúria, bem como outras manifestações de infecções geniturinárias, incluindo infecções do trato urinário (ITU). Objetivo: Investigar, interpretar e revisar os achados sobre o uso de inibidores do SGLT2, averiguando e quantificando a incidência de infecções geniturinárias nesses pacientes ao decorrer do tratamento. Metodologia: Utilizou-se a base Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), sob os descritores Urinary Tract Infection AND Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor, com seleção de artigos de revisão e artigos originais nos últimos seis anos, seguindo os critérios de elegibilidade. Foram encontrados 93 artigos, dos quais foram selecionados 46 elegíveis. Resultados: Ao analisar os dados e evidências apresentados, infere-se que, embora haja um aumento na taxa de infecções devido à glicosúria induzida por esses agentes farmacológicos, os benefícios associados a esses inibidores emergem como elementos mais preponderantes. Os inibidores do SGLT2 demonstraram eficácia notável no controle glicêmico e na redução de eventos cardiovasculares, além de proporcionarem benefícios renais. A compreensão holística do perfil de riscos e benefícios sugere que os ganhos terapêuticos superam os potenciais riscos inerentes, consolidando assim a importância e a viabilidade do uso desses inibidores no manejo clínico de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost