Shearing Interferometer for Quantifying the Coherence of Hard X-Ray Beams

We report a quantitative measurement of the full transverse coherence function of the 14.4 keV x-ray radiation produced by an undulator at the Swiss Light Source. An x-ray grating interferometer consisting of a beam splitter phase grating and an analyzer amplitude grating has been used to measure the degree of coherence as a function of the beam separation out to 30 m. Importantly, the technique provides a model-free and spatially resolved measurement of the complex coherence function and is not restricted to high resolution detectors and small fields of view. The spatial characterization of the wave front has important applications in discovering localized defects in beam line optics

Resonance Raman Spectroscopy For In-Situ Monitoring Of Radiation Damage

Radiation induced damage of metal centres in proteins is a severe problem in X-ray structure determination. Photoreduction can lead to erroneous structural implications, and in the worst cases cause structure solution to fail. Resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy is well suited in-situ monitoring of X-ray induced photoreduction. However the laser excitation needed for RR can itself cause photoreduction of the metal centres. In the present study myoglobin and rubredoxin crystals were used as model systems to assess the feasibility of using RR for this application. It is shown that at least 10-15 RR spectra per crystal can be recorded at low laser power before severe photoreduction occurs.Furthermore it is possible to collect good quality RR spectra from cryocooled protein crystals with exposure times of only a few seconds. Following extended laser illumination photoreduction is observed through the formation and decay of spectral bands as a function of dose. The experimental setup planned for integration into the SLS protein crystallography beamlines is also described. This setup should also prove to be very useful for other experimental techniques at synchrotrons where X-ray photoreduction is a problem e.g. X-ray absorption spectroscopy.Fil: Meents, A.. Swiss Light Source; SuizaFil: Owen, R. L.. Swiss Light Source; SuizaFil: Murgida, Daniel Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química, Física de los Materiales, Medioambiente y Energía; ArgentinaFil: Hildebrandt, P.. Swiss Light Source; SuizaFil: Schneider, R.. Swiss Light Source; SuizaFil: Pradervand, C.. Swiss Light Source; SuizaFil: Bohler, P.. Swiss Light Source; SuizaFil: Schulze Briese, C.. Swiss Light Source; Suiz

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology (2021) 166:3567–3579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05266-wIn March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. This work was also supported in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Contract No. 75N91019D00024, Task Order No. 75N91019F00130 to I.C., who was supported by the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, a federally funded research and development center operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowledges partial support from the Special Research Initiative of Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project 1021494. Part of this work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001030), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001030), and the Wellcome Trust (FC001030).S

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

In March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

Response to Krumreys Comments on Determination of X-ray flux using silicon pin diodes by R. L. Owen et al. (2009). J. Synchrotron Rad. 16, 143-153

A number of researchers published a paper in the Journal of Synchrotron Radiation that provided a basis for macromolecular crystallographers to determine the photon flux incident dose absorbed by a crystal during an experiment. The simple expression used by the researchers was derived directly from the geometry of the diode. The main aim of the paper was to determine the potential behavior of devices to be used in explained considering only primary absorption. The manufacturers' specifications and any deviation from these feeds directly through to the calculated flux were considered to obtain the fluxes. Another aim of the paper was to report a simple method to determine photon flux to an accuracy of 5 10% at MX beamlines using commercially available devices

Cryoradiolytic reduction of crystalline heme proteins: analysis by UV-Vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography.

The X-ray crystallographic analysis of redox-active systems may be complicated by photoreduction. Although radiolytic reduction by the probing X-ray beam may be exploited to generate otherwise short-lived reaction intermediates of metalloproteins, it is generally an undesired feature. Here, the X-ray-induced reduction of the three heme proteins myoglobin, cytochrome P450cam and chloroperoxidase has been followed by on-line UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. All three systems showed a very rapid reduction of the heme iron. In chloroperoxidase the change of the ionization state from ferric to ferrous heme is associated with a movement of the heme-coordinating water molecule. The influence of the energy of the incident X-ray photons and of the presence of scavengers on the apparent reduction rate of ferric myoglobin crystals was analyzed