Curse or Blessing? Exploring risk factors of digital technologies in industrial operations

Both practitioners and scholars emphasise the benefits of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technology implementation, such as increased transparency and the availability of real-time data in operations processes. Current literature on I4.0 technologies tends to overemphasise the positive impact and transformational capabilities of digital technologies while there is little focus on evaluating potential risks associated with their adoption in industrial operations. An understanding of how supply chain risks are perceived in digitalisation projects within industrial operations and an understanding of decision-makers' responses to different types of risks has important managerial implications. Current literature, however, lacks systematic empirical evidence on the implementation of I4.0 applications and related risk factors. This study aims to address this research gap by exploring the relationship between I4.0 technologies and supply chain risks based on empirical evidence from 300 case studies of industrial practice in Germany and fifty-three interviews with relevant managers from selected use cases and with general experts in this field. Our findings show that digital technologies are frequently adopted to address certain existing supply chain risks but that their implementation introduces new sources of risks (e.g. cyber risks). Based on qualitative data analysis and drawing on Normal Accident Theory, we propose a framework to explicate the drivers and contingency factors of new sources of supply chain risks in the context of Industry 4.0 technologies. Practical recommendations are provided for supply chain managers to guide the process of managing supply chain risks based on the technological life cycle

Geometry of General Hypersurfaces in Spacetime: Junction Conditions

We study imbedded hypersurfaces in spacetime whose causal character is allowed to change from point to point. Inherited geometrical structures on these hypersurfaces are defined by two methods: first, the standard rigged connection induced by a rigging vector (a vector not tangent to the hypersurface anywhere); and a second, more physically adapted, where each observer in spacetime induces a new type of connection that we call the rigged metric connection. The generalisation of the Gauss and Codazzi equations are also given. With the above machinery, we attack the problem of matching two spacetimes across a general hypersurface. It is seen that the preliminary junction conditions allowing for the correct definition of Einstein's equations in the distributional sense reduce to the requirement that the first fundamental form of the hypersurface be continuous. The Bianchi identities are then proven to hold in the distributional sense. Next, we find the proper junction conditions which forbid the appearance of singular parts in the curvature. Finally, we derive the physical implications of the junction conditions: only six independent discontinuities of the Riemann tensor are allowed. These are six matter discontinuities at non-null points of the hypersurface. For null points, the existence of two arbitrary discontinuities of the Weyl tensor (together with four in the matter tensor) are also allowed.Comment: Latex, no figure

Molybdenum isotopes in plume-influenced MORBs reveal recycling of ancient anoxic sediments

Under modern oxidising Earth surface conditions, dehydrated subducted slabs show Mo isotope compositions as low as δ98/95Mo = −1.5 ‰, compared to the depleted mantle δ98/95Mo = −0.2 ‰. Such light Mo isotope compositions reflect the redox-dependent aqueous mobility of isotopically heavy Mo associated with slab dehydration. Here we analysed basaltic glasses from the South-Mid Atlantic Ridge, whose parental melts are influenced by the enriched Discovery and Shona mantle plumes. We report increasingly higher δ98/95Mo of up to −0.1 ‰ from the most depleted samples towards those tapping more enriched mantle sources. δ98/95Mo values correlate with radiogenic Sr and Nd isotopes, which indicates the recycling of Proterozoic sediments with a Mo isotopic composition that was not affected by subduction-related, oxic dehydration. We propose that the Mo isotope signatures were retained during subduction and reflect anoxic conditions during deep sea sedimentation in the mid-Proterozoic. Finally, Mo isotope fractionation between different terrestrial reservoirs likely depends on the slab redox budget, and therefore on the timing of subduction with regard to Earth’s surface oxygenation

Selenium isotope evidence for pulsed flow of oxidative slab fluids

Isotope systematics of the redox sensitive and chalcophile element selenium (Se) were investigated on exhumed parts of subducted oceanic lithosphere to provide new constraints on slab dehydration conditions during subduction. The samples c,, show increasing delta(82/76)Se(NIST3149 )with higher abundances of fluid mobile elements, comprising a larger range (-1.89 to +0.48 parts per thousand) than that of mantle (-0.13 +/- 0.12 parts per thousand) and altered ocean crust (-0.35 to -0.07 parts per thousand). Our data point to pronounced, local scale redox variations within the subducting crust, wherein oxidative fluids dissolve sulfides and mobilise oxidised Se species. Subsequently recrystallising sulfides preferentially incorporate isotopically lighter, reduced Se, which shifts evolving fluids and late stage sulfides to higher delta Se-82/76(NIST3149). Redistribution of Se by repeated cydes of sulfide reworking within the subducted crust can be reconciled with episodes of oxidised fluid pulses from underlying slab mantle in modem subduction zones

Waste-based biosorbents as cost-effective alternatives to commercial adsorbents for the retention of fluoxetine from water

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116139.The goal of this study is to demonstrate that waste-based biosorbents can be cost-effective and green alternatives to commercial adsorbents for the retention of pharmaceuticals. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium measurements allowed the determination of the adsorption capacity of commercial adsorbents (GAC - granular activated carbon and two synthetic zeolites) and waste-based biosorbents (SCG - spent coffee grounds, pine bark and cork waste) for the retention of fluoxetine from water. For commercial adsorbents, the maximum adsorption capacities followed the order GAC (233.5mg/g)>zeolite 13× (32.11mg/g)>zeolite 4A (21.86mg/g), while for low-cost biosorbents, the sequence was SCG (14.31mg/g)>pine bark (6.53mg/g)>cork waste (4.74mg/g). The economic feasibility of the adsorbents/biosorbents was examined through a detailed cost analysis. Commercial adsorbents present higher costs per gram of fluoxetine removed (6.85 /g, 3.13 /g and 1.07 /g zeolite 4 A, zeolite 13× and GAC, respectively) when compared to low-cost biosorbents (0.92 /g, 0.41 /g and 0.16 /g for pine bark, cork waste and SCG, respectively). It was found that SCG is the most economically viable option for fluoxetine removal, while cork waste, the second less expensive, is the most environmentally friendly biosorbent since its preparation does not generate any solid or liquid wastes. This manuscript demonstrates that the conversion of waste materials into adsorbents has a double environmental benefit for both improving waste management and protecting the environment.This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the research project PTDC/ AAG-TEC/5269/2014, the strategic funding of UID/BIO/04469/2013 unit and COMPETE 2020 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684) and BioTecNorte operation (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004) funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 - Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Bruna Silva thanks FCT for a postdoctoral grant (SFRH/BPD/112354/2015).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cercetări privind perfecționarea unei mașini de stropit în plantațiile de viță de vie, cu scopul de a reduce gradul de poluare al solului

With all the important advantages in the use of pesticides to combat diseases and pests, their widespread use in high doses and repeated cause many ecological inconveniences, especially on soil, which is an important environmental factor, it is a fundamental support for the existence of life. These effects may be of ecological demo that is those affecting populations and especially their density and nature biocenotic - those causing ruptures biocenotic balances. To limit the effect of pollution treatment plant vine plantations, the USAMV Iasi, equipment was designed and developed to recover some material dispersed plant by spraying machine TARAL 200 PITON TURBO, which was not retained by foliar system of plants. Also spraying machine in intensive orchards and vineyards was equipped with air suction nozzle from LECHLER IDK 120-02, which can reduce drift droplets dispersed by up to 90

A Multilevel Analysis of Implicit and Explicit CSR in French and UK Professional Sport

Research question: This paper examines the ways in which French and UK professional sports clubs implement and communicate their CSR policies. In addition to identifying similarities and differences between CSR practices in the two countries, our analysis extends and adapts the implicit-explicit CSR framework to the field of sport. Research methods: We used a mixed methods approach to analyse qualitative and quantitative data on the CSR strategies of 66 professional rugby union (Top 14, Aviva Premiership Rugby) and football (Ligue 1, Premier League) clubs over the 2017-2018 season. Results and findings: We found major differences in CSR communication between France and the UK. Communication by French clubs tends to highlight sport’s values, involve few media channels, whereas communication by UK clubs explicitly vaunts their social responsibility and involves numerous channels. In the case of CSR implementation, there are similarities between French and UK clubs, especially in the fields their CSR initiatives cover (e.g., health, diversity), as well as differences. However, the scope of initiatives varies more between sports than between countries, with football demonstrating a more international outlook than rugby. Implications: This article expands Matten and Moon’s (2008) implicit-explicit CSR framework by identifying the influence of interactions between sectorial/field-level factors and national/macro-level factors on CSR practices, and by distinguishing between CSR communication and CSR implementation. Our results throw light on the shift from implicit to explicit CSR in French professional sport

Threat to Cedar, Cedrela odorata, Plantations in Vietnam by the Weevil, Aclees sp.

The recent decline and death of young cedar, Cedrela odorata L. (Sapindales: Meliaceae), plantations in Vietnam is caused by Aclees sp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a wood-boring brown weevil. A field study was undertaken in three-year-old plantations in two districts in Thanh Hoa province in August 2008. Trees were heavily impacted by the weevil, Aclees; the infestation level (P) ranged from 80 to 100% and the average damage index (R) ranged from 1.8 to 2.8. Observations over one year enabled the life history to be determined. Eggs were laid (February to March, September to November) inside the bark from the base of the trunk up to 60 cm in height. Larvae formed extensive feeding tunnels in the inner bark and sap wood. Pupation occurred in feeding tunnels or pupal chambers in the sapwood. Adults emerged twice a year, February to March and August to October. It is concluded that Aclees is a threat to C. odorata plantations in tropical regions of the world, and quarantine measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of spread