2,185 research outputs found
Ambipolar charge injection and transport in a single pentacene monolayer island
Electrons and holes are locally injected in a single pentacene monolayer
island. The two-dimensional distribution and concentration of the injected
carriers are measured by electrical force microscopy. In crystalline monolayer
islands, both carriers are delocalized over the whole island. On disordered
monolayer, carriers stay localized at their injection point. These results
provide insight into the electronic properties, at the nanometer scale, of
organic monolayers governing performances of organic transistors and molecular
devices.Comment: To be published in Nano Letter
CARMA observations of massive Planck-discovered cluster candidates at z>0.5 associated with WISE overdensities: Breaking the size-flux degeneracy
We use a Bayesian software package to analyze CARMA-8 data towards 19
unconfirmed Planck SZ-cluster candidates from Rodriguez-Gonzalvez et al.
(2015), that are associated with significant overdensities in WISE. We used two
cluster parameterizations, one based on a (fixed shape) generalized-NFW
pressure profile and another based on a beta-gas-density profile (with varying
shape parameters) to obtain parameter estimates for the nine CARMA-8
SZ-detected clusters. We find our sample is comprised of massive,
Y_{500}=0.0010 \pm 0.0015 arcmin^2, relatively compact, theta_{500}= 3.9 \pm
2.0 arcmin systems. Results from the beta model show that our cluster
candidates exhibit a heterogeneous set of brightness-temperature profiles.
Comparison of Planck and CARMA-8 measurements showed good agreement in Y_{500}
and an absence of obvious biases. We estimated the total cluster mass M_{500}
as a function of z for one of the systems; at the preferred photometric
redshift of 0.5, the derived mass, M_{500} \approx 0.8 \pm 0.2 \times 10^{15}
Msun. Spectroscopic Keck/MOSFIRE data confirmed a galaxy member of one of our
cluster candidates to be at z=0.565. Applying a Planck prior in Y_{500} to the
CARMA-8 results reduces uncertainties for both parameters by a factor >4,
relative to the independent Planck or CARMA-8 measurements. We here demonstrate
a powerful technique to find massive clusters at intermediate z \gtrsim 0.5
redshifts using a cross-correlation between Planck and WISE data, with
high-resolution follow-up with CARMA-8. We also use the combined capabilities
of Planck and CARMA-8 to obtain a dramatic reduction by a factor of several, in
parameter uncertainties.Comment: 26 pages, 8 figures, appearing in MNRAS (responded to referee report
Fruit scent and observer colour vision shape food-selection strategies in wild capuchin monkeys
The senses play critical roles in helping animals evaluate foods, including fruits that can change both in colour and scent during ripening to attract frugivores. Although numerous studies have assessed the impact of colour on fruit selection, comparatively little is known about fruit scent and how olfactory and visual data are integrated during foraging. We combine 25 months of behavioural data on 75 wild, white-faced capuchins (Cebus imitator) with measurements of fruit colours and scents from 18 dietary plant species. We show that frequency of fruit-directed olfactory behaviour is positively correlated with increases in the volume of fruit odours produced during ripening. Monkeys with red-green colour blindness sniffed fruits more often, indicating that increased reliance on olfaction is a behavioural strategy that mitigates decreased capacity to detect red-green colour contrast. These results demonstrate a complex interaction among fruit traits, sensory capacities and foraging strategies, which help explain variation in primate behaviour.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-10250-9Published versio
Experimental Verification of 3D Plasmonic Cloaking in Free-Space
We report the experimental verification of metamaterial cloaking for a 3D
object in free space. We apply the plasmonic cloaking technique, based on
scattering cancellation, to suppress microwave scattering from a finite-length
dielectric cylinder. We verify that scattering suppression is obtained all
around the object in the near- and far-field and for different incidence
angles, validating our measurements with analytical results and full-wave
simulations. Our near-field and far-field measurements confirm that realistic
and robust plasmonic metamaterial cloaks may be realized for elongated 3D
objects with moderate transverse cross-section at microwave frequencies.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, published in NJ
Superconducting spin filter
Consider two normal leads coupled to a superconductor; the first lead is
biased while the second one and the superconductor are grounded. In general, a
finite current is induced in the grounded lead 2; its magnitude
depends on the competition between processes of Andreev and normal
quasiparticle transmission from the lead 1 to the lead 2. It is known that in
the tunneling limit, when normal leads are weakly coupled to the
superconductor, , if and the system is in the
clean limit. In other words, Andreev and normal tunneling processes compensate
each-other. We consider the general case: the voltages are below the gap, the
system is either dirty or clean. It is shown that for general
configuration of the normal leads; if the first lead injects spin polarized
current then , but spin current in the lead-2 is finite. XISIN
structure, where X is a source of the spin polarized current could be applied
as a filter separating spin current from charge current. We do an analytical
progress calculating .Comment: 5 pages, references adde
Activation of chloride secretion in human airway epithelial cells by a new pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine
Effect of colour vision status on insect prey capture efficiency of captive and wild tamarins (Saguinus spp.)
The colour vision polymorphism of most New World primates is a model system to study the function of colour vision. Theories for the evolution of primate trichromacy focus on the efficient detection and selection of ripe fruits and young leaves amongst mature leaves, when trichromats are likely to be better than dichromats. We provide data on whether colour vision status affects insect capture in primates. Trichromatic tamarins (Saguinus spp.) catch more prey than dichromats, but dichromats catch a greater proportion of camouflaged prey than trichromats. The prey caught does not differ in size between the two visual phenotypes. Thus two factors may contribute to the maintenance of genetic polymorphism of middle- to long-wavelength photopigments in Platyrrhines: the advantage in finding fruit and leaves, which supports the maintenance of the polymorphism through a heterozygote advantage, and the dichromats’ exploitation of different (e.g., camouflaged) food, which results in frequency-dependent selection on the different colour vision phenotypes
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