101 research outputs found
Electrical properties of thermally evaporated doped and undoped films of CdSe
Electrical characteristics of Ag-doped and undoped films
of CdSe have been reported. The activation energies at
lower and elevated temperatures have been found to be
0.22 and 0.6eV, respectively. The Sn/CdSe junction
exhibits Schottky barrier characteristics with diode
ideality factor deviating from unity. Barrier height
obtained from C-V plot and J- V plot are 0.8 and 0.72eV,
respectively. The junction has been endowed with high
series resistance
Effect of substrate temperature on structural properties of thermally evaporated ZnSe thin films
The ZnSe, a wide band gap semiconductor has high potential for application in optoelectronic applications. The structural
parameters of a thin film semiconductor largely depend on the preparation method and condition. Transparent ZnSe thin
films of thicknesses from 200
Study of Au, Ni-(n)ZnSe thin film Schottky barrier junctions
Schottky barrier junctions of Al-doped n-type Zinc selenide (ZnSe) thin
films of doping concentrations up to 9.7×1014cm−3 have been fabricated with Au and
Ni electrodes on glass substrates by sequential thermal evaporation. All of the junctions
of different doping concentrations exhibited rectifying current-voltage characteristics
with a non-saturating reverse current. From the current-voltage characteristics, the
different junction parameters such as ideality factor, saturation current density, series
resistance, etc., were measured. Both types of junctions were found to possess a high
ideality factor and a high series resistance. The barrier heights of the junctions were
measured from Richardson plots and found to be around 0.8 eV. The structures were
found to exhibit a poor photovoltaic effect with a fill factor not greater than 0.4. The
diode quality as well as the photovoltaic performance of the diodes were improved
following a short heat treatment in vacuum
Effects of carrying a pregnancy and of method of delivery on urinary incontinence: a prospective cohort study
BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to identify risk factors associated with urinary incontinence in women three months after giving birth. METHODS: Urinary incontinence before and during pregnancy was assessed at study enrolment early in the third trimester. Incontinence was re-assessed three months postpartum. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the role of maternal and obstetric factors in causing postpartum urinary incontinence. This prospective cohort study in 949 pregnant women in Quebec, Canada was nested within a randomised controlled trial of prenatal perineal massage. RESULTS: Postpartum urinary incontinence was increased with prepregnancy incontinence (adjusted odds ratio [adj0R] 6.44, 95% CI 4.15, 9.98), incontinence beginning during pregnancy (adjOR 1.93, 95% CI 1.32, 2.83), and higher prepregnancy body mass index (adjOR 1.07/unit of BMI, 95% CI 1.03,1.11). Caesarean section was highly protective (adjOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.14, 0.50). While there was a trend towards increasing incontinence with forceps delivery (adjOR 1.73, 95% CI 0.96, 3.13) this was not statistically significant. The weight of the baby, episiotomy, the length of the second stage of labour, and epidural analgesia were not predictive of urinary incontinence. Nor was prenatal perineal massage, the randomised controlled trial intervention. When the analysis was limited to women having their first vaginal birth, the same risk factors were important, with similar adjusted odds ratios. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary incontinence during pregnancy is extremely common, affecting over half of pregnant women. Urinary incontinence beginning during pregnancy roughly doubles the likelihood of urinary incontinence at 3 months postpartum, regardless whether delivery is vaginal or by Caesarean section
The London Classification: Improving Characterization and Classification of Anorectal Function with Anorectal Manometry.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Objective measurement of anorectal sensorimotor function is a requisite component in the clinical evaluation of patients with intractable symptoms of anorectal dysfunction. Regrettably, the utility of the most established and widely employed investigations for such measurement (anorectal manometry (ARM), rectal sensory testing and the balloon expulsion test) has been limited by wide variations in clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS: This article summarizes the recently published International Anorectal Physiology Working Group (IAPWG) consensus and London Classification of anorectal disorders, together with relevant allied literature, to provide guidance on the indications for, equipment, protocol, measurement definitions and results interpretation for ARM, rectal sensory testing and the balloon expulsion test. The London Classification is a standardized method and nomenclature for description of alterations in anorectal motor and sensory function using office-based investigations, adoption of which should bring much needed harmonization of practice
- …