Uso de leguminosas na fitorremediação de solo contaminado com sulfentrazone.

RESUMO: Resíduos de sulfentrazone podem permanecer no solo por cerca de dois anos, oferecendo risco de contaminação a lençóis freáticos e possibilitando o cultivo de espécies susceptíveis. Diante disto, a fitorremediação pode representar uma opção para a descontaminação de áreas que sofreram com intensas aplicações deste herbicida. O presente trabalho avaliou o potencial remediador das espécies Crotalaria juncea, Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus cajan e Cajanus cajan (anão), com relação ao herbicida sulfentrazone, utilizando-se o milheto (Pennisetum glaucum) como planta bioindicadora. O experimento foi instalado em casa-de-vegetação e os tratamentos compostos pela combinação entre as quatro espécies citadas, além da testemunha, e quatro doses de sulfentrazone (0 g i.a. ha-1, 200 g i.a. ha-1, 400 g i.a. ha-1 e 800 g i.a. ha-1). Foram avaliadas a altura de plantas, fitotoxicidade ao sulfentrazone e biomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea. Quando P. glaucum foi cultivado após C. juncea, apresentou maior ganho em biomassa e maior altura, e os sintomas de fitotoxicidade foram menos acentuados. C. juncea apresentou a maior capacidade de fitorremediar solos contaminados com sulfentrazone.ABSTRACT: Use of leguminous plants for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with sulfentrazone. Residual sulfentrazone may remain in the soil for around two years, being a source of groundwater contamination and preventing the growth of usceptible plants. So, phytoremediation may represent an option for decontaminating areas which were highly affected by applications of this herbicide. This study aimed at evaluating the potential of Crotalaria juncea, Canavalia ensiformis, Cajanus cajan and Cajanus cajan (dwarf) for remediation of soil contaminated with sulfentrazone, using millet (Pennisetum glaucum) as a bioindicator plant. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse and treatments consisted of the four species already mentioned, plus a control, and four sulfentrazone doses (0 g a.i. ha-1, 200 g a.i. ha-1, 400 g a.i. ha-1 and 800 g a.i. ha-1). Plants height, phytotoxicity to sulfentrazone and fresh and dry matter were evaluated. When P. glaucum was grown after C. juncea, the fresh and dry matter, as well as plant height, were higher, while the phytotoxicity symptoms were less evident. C. juncea showed the best results for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with sulfentrazone

Il trattamento conservativo precoce nella Camptodattilia = Camptodactyly : early nonoperative treatment

Scopo: Approfondimento delle classificazioni e dei protocolli conservativi utilizzati dalle unit\ue0 operative di chirurgia della mano e pubblicati negli ultimi 15 anni. Confronto con la classificazione ed il protocollo utilizzati nel nostro reparto. Materiali e metodi: Si sono analizzati i protocolli conservativi pubblicati e si \ue8 poi descritto il nostro protocollo attraverso l\u2019analisi di tre casi attualmente in trattamento. Risultati: Si \ue8 evidenziata una disomogeneit\ue0 nella classificazione delle camptodattilie e nell\u2019utilizzo dei tutori, sia per tipologia che per modalit\ue0 di utilizzo. Il nostro reparto si avvale della classificazione di Foucher per determinare la scelta del tipo di tutore. Conclusioni: Anche se la tipologia di tutore non \ue8 sempre la stessa, tutti gli autori concordano che, nella maggioranza delle camptodattilie sia importante cominciare con l\u2019approccio conservativo. Nel nostro reparto vengono confezionati tutori statici o dinamici in base al tipo di camptodattilia e viene monitorato costantemente l\u2019andamento tramite misurazioni goniometriche, con ottimi risultati.Purpose: To analyse the classifications and the conservative protocols used by hand surgery operative\u2019s units and published in the last 15 years. To draw a comparison between those classifications and protocols and the ones used in our unit. Material and Methods: The published conservative treatments have been analysed and then our protocol has been described through the analysis of three cases currently treated in our division. Results: It has been highlighted that camptodactyly classifications are not homogeneous. Moreover, in conservative treatment, different typology and posology of splints have been adopted. Our unit uses the Foucher\u2019s classification to define the type of splint that it is necessary. Conclusions: Despite the authors choose different types of splint, they agree that in the most cases of camptodactily the initial approach is conservative. In our unit static and dynamic splints are made directly on the patient\u2019s hand and they are monitored with goniometrical measurements, obtaining great results

MULTIPHASE FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION IN BENDS AND T-JOINTS

ABSTRACT Air-water experiments were carried out in a horizontal 1" pipe system to measure the magnitude of the forces induced by the multiphase flow. Forces and accelerations were measured on a number of bends and T-joint configurations for a wide range of operating conditions. Five different configurations were measured: a baseline case consisting of straight pipe only, a sharp edged bend, a large radius bend, a symmetric T-joint and a T-joint with one of the arms closed off. The gas flow was varied from a superficial velocity of 0.1 to 30 m/s and the liquid flow was varied from 0.05 to 2 m/s. This operating range ensures that the experiment encompasses all possible flow regimes. In general, the slug velocity and frequency presented a reasonable agreement with classical models. However, for high mixture velocity the measured frequency deviated from literature models. The magnitude of the measured forces was found to vary over a wide range depending on the flow regime. For slug flow conditions very high force levels were measured, up to 4 orders of magnitude higher than in single phase flow for comparable velocities. The annular flow regime resulted in the (relative) lowest forces, although the absolute amplitude is of the same order as in the case of slug flow. These results from a one inch pipe were compared to data obtained previously from similar experiments on a 6mm setup, to evaluate the scaling effects. The results for the one inch rig experiments agreed with the model proposed by Riverin, with the same scaling factor. A modification of this scaling factor is needed for the model to predict the forces measured on the 6mm rig. The validity of the theories developed based on the 6mm experiments were tested for validity at larger scales. In case of slug flow, the measured results can be described assuming a simple slug unit model. In annular and stratified flow a different model is required, since no slug unit is present. Instead, excitation force can be estimated using mixture properties. This mixture approach also describes the forces for the slug regime relatively well. Only the single phase flow is not described properly with this mixture model, as would be expected

Selection of species tolerant to the herbicide sulfentrazone with potential for phytoremediation of contaminated soils.

ABSTRACT: This paper aimed to select species with potential for phytoremediation of soils contaminated with the herbicide sulfentrazone. Eight species were evaluated: Arachis pintoi, Eleusine coracana, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Cajanus cajan, Leucaena leucocephala, Stizolobium cinereum, and Raphanus sativus. The experiment was set-up inside a greenhouse, using pots with a capacity of 6dm3 filled with soil samples collected at a depth of 0-20cm. The experimental design was arranged into randomised blocks in a factorial scheme (8 × 5) with four replications, which consisted of the combination between the species and five doses of sulfentrazone (0, 200, 400, 800, and 1,600g ha-1). The herbicide phytotoxicity, plant heights, and dry masses of shoots and roots were evaluated. The species Cajanus cajan and Leucaena leucocephala had a higher tolerance to sulfentrazone up to a dose of 400g ha-1, showing minor symptoms of phytotoxicity and smaller decreases in plant heights and in dry matter accumulation, both in the shoots and roots, when compared to the control treatment, indicating, thus, the potential to be used for further studies on phytoremediation of sulfentrazone in soil. RESUMO: Seleção de espécies tolerantes ao herbicida sulfentrazone com potencial para a fitorremediação de solos contaminados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar espécies com potencial para a fitorremediação de solos contaminados com o herbicida sulfentrazone. Foram avaliadas oito espécies: Arachis pintoi, Eleusine coracana, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Cajanus cajan, Leucaena leucocephala, Stizolobium cinereum e Raphanus sativus. O experimento foi instalado em casa de vegetação, com a utilização de vasos com capacidade para 6 dm3 preenchidos com porções de solo coletadas na profundidade de 0-20 cm. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 8 × 5, com quatro repetições, composto pela combinação entre as espécies e cinco doses do sulfentrazone (0, 200, 400, 800 e 1.600 g ha-1). Foram avaliadas a fitotoxicidade do herbicida, a altura de plantas e a massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e de raízes. As espécies Cajanus cajan e Leucaena leucocephala apresentaram maior tolerância ao sulfentrazone até a dose de 400 g ha-1, mostrando menores sintomas de fitotoxicidade e menores reduções na altura de plantas e no acúmulo de matéria seca, tanto na parte aérea como nas raízes, em relação ao tratamento controle, indicando, com isso, potencial de utilização para posteriores estudos de fitorremediação de sulfentrazone em solo

Expresión de Rab22 en macrófagos infectados con Leishmania braziliensis

Leishmania braziliensis es un protozoario flagelado digénico que produce leishmaniosis cutánea y muco-cutánea en el noroeste argentino

Favorabilidad ecogeográfica para el corzo: distribución y abundancia

Species distribution models (SDM) are widely used in ecology, biogeography and conservation. Here, we modelled the distribution of roe deer (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>) in mainland Spain in order to i) determine its macro-ecological requirements, ii) assess the favourability for this species and iii) explore the model usefulness as an index of the species relative abundance. Our results showed that roe deer distribution can be explained by predictors related with topography, climate, lithology, geography and human activity. Climate was the more relevant factor, followed by human activity, topography, spatial location and lithology. The model accurately predicted the species probability of occurrence and also, but weakly, the species’ relative abundance.<br><br>Los modelos de distribución de especies (SDM) están siendo cada vez más usados para abordar cuestiones relacionadas con la ecología, biogeografía y conservación de las especies. En este estudio nos proponemos realizar un modelo de distribución para el corzo (<i>Capreolus capreolus</i>) en la España peninsular para estudiar los determinantes macroambientales de su rango de distribución, evaluar la favorabilidad para la especie, y la utilidad del modelo como indicador de su abundancia relativa. El modelo indica que su distribución se puede explicar en términos topográficos, climáticos, litológicos, geográficos y de presión humana. El clima fue el factor que en su efecto puro explicó un mayor porcentaje de variación, y le siguen la presión humana, la topografía, la localización espacial y la litología. El modelo obtenido predijo con elevada precisión la probabilidad de presencia de la especie y con cierto detalle su abundancia relativa