A Note on the Lower Bound of Black Hole Area Change in Tunneling Formalism

In the framework of tunneling mechanism and employing Bekenstein's general expression for the variation of the black hole area, we determine the area quantum up to a constant. Depending on the value of this constant one can get either Bekenstein's lower bound or Hod's one for the change in the black hole area.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX, no figures; v2: 6 pages, clarifications and references added, no changes in physics and results, to appear in EP

Quantum tunneling and black hole spectroscopy

The entropy-area spectrum of a black hole has been a long-standing and unsolved problem. Based on a recent methodology introduced by two of the authors, for the black hole radiation (Hawking effect) as tunneling effect, we obtain the entropy spectrum of a black hole. In Einstein's gravity, we show that both entropy and area spectrum are evenly spaced. But in more general theories (like Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity), although the entropy spectrum is equispaced, the corresponding area spectrum is not.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX, no figures; v2: 9 pages, now, title changed, minor changes to match published version in Phys. Lett.

Connecting anomaly and tunneling methods for Hawking effect through chirality

The role of chirality is discussed in unifying the anomaly and the tunneling formalisms for deriving the Hawking effect. Using the chirality condition and starting from the familiar form of the trace anomaly, the chiral (gravitational) anomaly, manifested as a nonconservation of the stress tensor, near the horizon of a black hole, is derived. Solution of this equation yields the stress tensor whose asymptotic infinity limit gives the Hawking flux. Finally, use of the same chirality condition in the tunneling formalism gives the Hawking temperature that is compatible with the flux obtained by anomaly method.Comment: LaTex, 8 pages, no figures, reformulation of tunneling mechanism, to appear in Phys. Rev.

The structure of a class of generalized Sasakian-space-forms

The object of the present paper is to study ξ-conformally at and ϕ-conformally at generalized Sasakian-space-forms.peerReviewe

The structure of a class of generalized Sasakian-space-forms

The object of the present paper is to study ξ-conformally at and ϕ-conformally at generalized Sasakian-space-forms.peerReviewe

Clinical profiles and trends in CD4+ counts to first-line antiretroviral therapy among HIV/AIDS patients in western part of Odisha state of India

Background: HIV infection is globally pandemic and about 36.7 million people living with HIV/ AIDS (PLHA) in 2016. At present CD4+ count is the gold standard of immunological marker of disease severity. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the first line of treatment to improve CD4 count. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES of study was to observe the clinical profiles and response in CD4+ counts to first-line HAART in PLHA and their adverse reactions.Methods: Total 153 PLHA with CD4+ counts <250/µl was consecutively taken in the study and detail clinical examinations, baseline CD4+ counts and body weights were noted. HAART was started in 26 (16.99%), 37 (24.18%), 78 (50.98%) and 12 (7.84%) cases in WHO clinical stages of I, II, III, and V respectively and CD4+ counts, body weight and any adverse drug reactions were noted at 15 days, 3, 6, 18 and 24 months intervals and data were collected and analyzed.Results: Out of 153 cases 89 were male and 64 were female. Mean age was 35.4±9.08 years for male and 30.2±5.75 years for female. Mean baseline CD4+ count was 202±75/µl and mean body weight was 47.44kg. Mean CD4+ count was increased to 314.22±166.53, 343±194.02, 378±221.30 and 299.6±146.55/µl at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months respectively. Commonest adverse drug reaction was headache and GIT side effects.Conclusions: HAART improves clinical and immunological parameter CD4+ count in PLHA, irrespective of their clinical stages. Headache and GIT manifestations are commonest adverse drug reactions

Noether Current, Horizon Virasoro Algebra and Entropy

We provide a simple and straightforward procedure for defining a Virasoro algebra based on the diffeomorphisms near a null surface in a spacetime and obtain the entropy density of the null surface from its central charge. We use the off-shell Noether current corresponding to the diffeomorphism invariance of a gravitational Lagrangian $L(g_{ab},R_{abcd})$ and define the Virasoro algebra from its variation. This allows us to identify the central charge and the zero mode eigenvalue using which we obtain the entropy density of the Killing horizon. Our approach works for all Lanczos-Lovelock models and reproduces the correct Wald entropy. The entire analysis is done off-shell without using the field equations and allows us to define an entropy density for any null surface which acts as a local Rindler horizon for a particular class of observers.Comment: V2: to appear in Phys. Rev.

Design and development of FRP mobile fish vending trolley for hygienic fish marketing

A mobile fish vending trolley has been designed and developed by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) - All India Coordinated Research Project on Plasticulture Engineering and Technology (AICRP on PET) centre at ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA), Bhubaneswar to aid the fisher folks for vending their fish harvests in hygienic condition. The unique selling proposition (USP) of the vending unit is its unibody design, where icebox for storing fish, 20 l capacity water storage tank for hand washing, tool box, fish cutting deck and waste collection chambers are integrated into the unit. The icebox can store 100 kg of fish in ice which can be sold in a single day by the fisher folks. The complete unit of mobile fish vending carriage is fabricated with fibre reinforced plastic (FRP), because of its high strength compared to other plastics, ease of fabrication and good insulation property of fiberglass (i.e. thermal conductivity= 0.04 w/mK at normal room temperature 25 ºC). The dimensions of the carriage unit is 4.0’x2’9”x2’6” in which half portion is dedicated for the insulated ice box and the remaining portion houses the fish cutting deck, waste collection chamber and tool box. This fish vending trolley would be a boon for the marginal fish vendors, who want to sell fish in a hygienic condition and to increase income generation potential by selling 100 kg fish in a day