472 research outputs found
Young stellar object jet models: From theory to synthetic observations
Astronomical observations, analytical solutions and numerical simulations
have provided the building blocks to formulate the current theory of young
stellar object jets. Although each approach has made great progress
independently, it is only during the last decade that significant efforts are
being made to bring the separate pieces together. Building on previous work
that combined analytical solutions and numerical simulations, we apply a
sophisticated cooling function to incorporate optically thin energy losses in
the dynamics. On the one hand, this allows a self-consistent treatment of the
jet evolution and on the other, it provides the necessary data to generate
synthetic emission maps. Firstly, analytical disk and stellar outflow solutions
are properly combined to initialize numerical two-component jet models inside
the computational box. Secondly, magneto-hydrodynamical simulations are
performed in 2.5D, following properly the ionization and recombination of a
maximum of ions. Finally, the outputs are post-processed to produce
artificial observational data. The first two-component jet simulations, based
on analytical models, that include ionization and optically thin radiation
losses demonstrate promising results for modeling specific young stellar object
outflows. The generation of synthetic emission maps provides the link to
observations, as well as the necessary feedback for the further improvement of
the available models.Comment: accepted for publication A&A, 20 pages, 11 figure
Reply to comment by Klump et al. on “Noble gases and stable isotopes in a shallow aquifer in southern Michigan: Implications for noble gas paleotemperature reconstructions for cool climates”
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94860/1/grl22429.pd
Retrospective real-world pilot data on transcranial pulse stimulation in mild to severe Alzheimer's patients
Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation therapy that uses short, repetitive shockwaves through a neuro-navigated device. Current research suggests that these pulses lead to a wide range of vascular, metabolic, and neurotrophic changes. This relatively new CE-marked treatment provided first promising results in a clinical pilot study for improving cognition in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's. Data from other centers is lacking, so here we analyzed safety and pilot real-world short-term results of TPS from the first center in Germany. To gain information about effects in different stages, patients with not only mild but also moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's were analyzed
Nonlinear regression with censored data
Suppose that the random vector (X, Y) satisfies the regression model Y = m(X) + sigma(X)epsilon, where m(.) = E(Y vertical bar.) belongs to some parametric class (m(theta)(.):theta is an element of Theta) of regression functions, sigma(2)(.) = var(Y vertical bar.) is unknown, and e is independent of X. The response Y is subject to random right censoring, and the covariate X is completely observed. A new estimation procedure for the true, unknown parameter vector theta(0) is proposed that extends the classical least squares procedure for nonlinear regression to the case where the response is subject to censoring. The consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator are established. The estimator is compared through simulations with an estimator proposed by Stute in 1999, and both methods are also applied to a fatigue life dataset of strain-controlled materials.Peer reviewe
Deterministic single-photon source from a single ion
We realize a deterministic single-photon source from one and the same calcium
ion interacting with a high-finesse optical cavity. Photons are created in the
cavity with efficiency (88 +- 17)%, a tenfold improvement over previous
cavity-ion sources. Results of the second-order correlation function are
presented, demonstrating a high suppression of two-photon events limited only
by background counts. The cavity photon pulse shape is obtained, with good
agreement between experiment and simulation. Moreover, theoretical analysis of
the temporal evolution of the atomic populations provides relevant information
about the dynamics of the process and opens the way to future investigations of
a coherent atom-photon interface
Excess air in the noble gas groundwater paleothermometer: A new model based on diffusion in the gas phase
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/95411/1/grl24964.pd
Testing the noble gas paleothermometer with a yearlong study of groundwater noble gases in an instrumented monitoring well
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94795/1/wrcr13235.pd
Evaluation of the impact, treatment patterns, and patient and physician perceptions of vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause in Europe and the United States.
OBJECTIVES
This study elicited the views of physicians and patients with vasomotor symptoms (VMS) associated with menopause on the impact of VMS and treatment patterns/perceptions.
STUDY DESIGN
Data from the Adelphi VMS Disease Specific Programme, a point-in-time survey conducted in 5 European countries and the United States in 2020, were used. Primary care providers (PCPs) and gynecologists seeing ≥3 patients/week with VMS associated with menopause completed a survey and chart review; their patients were invited to complete a survey and questionnaires.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Physicians reported treatment patterns and patient-specific symptoms and treatment preferences. Patients described symptoms, impact of VMS, and treatment satisfaction.
RESULTS
Participants included 115 PCPs and 118 gynecologists. Physicians reviewed the charts of 1816 patients, 854 of whom completed surveys. Moderate/severe impact of VMS on sleep, mood, quality of life, and work/study was reported by 35.8 %, 31.6 %, 23.6 %, and 15.4 % of women, respectively. Based on chart review, 64.8 % of women were currently prescribed treatment for VMS, most commonly hormone therapy (HT; 73.1 %), followed by selective serotonin or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (31.3 %). Most women (57.3 %) with VMS were eligible for HT but averse to using it. Despite 91.4 % of physicians finding HT to be effective, 62.7 % agreed (slightly-strongly) that their patients are generally reluctant to use it. One-third of women were dissatisfied with VMS control.
CONCLUSIONS
VMS can considerably impact daily life. Effective treatment options that are better accepted could potentially improve management of VMS and lead to better quality of life for women with VMS associated with menopause.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
None
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