George Burrows to Ross Barnett, 22 September 1962

Burrows asks about Americans allowing the Kennedy dynasty to have a Budapest end.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/west_union_gov/1029/thumbnail.jp

Mental models in the learning and teaching of music theory concepts

Published ArticleA retired physicist attempting to master elements of music theory in a short time found the Mental Model of the keyboard layout invaluable in overcoming some of the related learning challenges and this has been followed up in collaboration with a professor of Music Education. Possible cognitive mechanisms for his response are discussed and it is concluded that his engrained learning habits, which emphasise models as found in physics, are potentially of wider applicability. A survey of the use of Mental Models among competent young musicians indicated that although various models are widely used, this is largely subconscious. The practical question of whether exposure of students to the keyboard would assist them in mastering music theory remains unresolved

Toxic Positivity: A Concept Analysis

Purpose: Post-COVID-19 workforce issues have pushed terms like resilience and burnout further into the forefront of professional discourse. Strategies aimed to improve resilience, decrease burnout, and increase retention appear to be less effective in the current climate. One potential unexplored contributor is toxic positivity. The purpose of this research is to analyze the concept of toxic positivity and its relevance to nursing. Aims: Research questions; “1) How is toxic positivity used across contexts?; 2) Whose perspectives are represented and whose are not?; 3) What are the dimensions of toxic positivity?; 4) How are the dimensions related?; and 5) How is toxic positivity constructed and used in nursing? Methods: Using Schatzman’s dimensional analysis approach, the first analytic phase, Identification, elucidates relevant conceptual dimensions. The second analytic phase, Logistics, examines relationships among dimensions and contexts. Finally, a dimensional matrix provides conceptualization of toxic positivity for nursing. Results: Preliminary results reveal roots of toxic positivity in the realm of positive psychology with relevant dimensions including unrealistic optimism, inauthentic platitudes, and emotional invalidation and identified contexts including business, psychology, and medicine with no identified contexts in nursing. Primary limitations include limited time to complete this analysis, lack of empirical evidence regarding toxic positivity, and the potential for other unrealized dimensions or contexts. Conclusions: Results suggest nursing perspectives are missing from the literature about toxic positivity. Identifying toxic positivity as a phenomenon in nursing work environments has potential to inform future research and theoretical work related to nursing workforce burnout, retention, and coping strategies

Evaluating the High School Lunar Research Projects Program

The Center for Lunar Science and Exploration (CLSE), a collaboration between the Lunar and Planetary Institute and NASA s Johnson Space Center, is one of seven member teams of the NASA Lunar Science Institute (NLSI). In addition to research and exploration activities, the CLSE team is deeply invested in education and outreach. In support of NASA s and NLSI s objective to train the next generation of scientists, CLSE s High School Lunar Research Projects program is a conduit through which high school students can actively participate in lunar science and learn about pathways into scientific careers. The objectives of the program are to enhance 1) student views of the nature of science; 2) student attitudes toward science and science careers; and 3) student knowledge of lunar science. In its first three years, approximately 168 students and 28 teachers from across the United States have participated in the program. Before beginning their research, students undertake Moon 101, a guided-inquiry activity designed to familiarize them with lunar science and exploration. Following Moon 101, and guided by a lunar scientist mentor, teams choose a research topic, ask their own research question, and design their own research approach to direct their investigation. At the conclusion of their research, teams present their results to a panel of lunar scientists. This panel selects four posters to be presented at the annual Lunar Science Forum held at NASA Ames. The top scoring team travels to the forum to present their research in person

Development Toward a Ground-Based Interferometric Phased Array for Radio Detection of High Energy Neutrinos

The in-ice radio interferometric phased array technique for detection of high energy neutrinos looks for Askaryan emission from neutrinos interacting in large volumes of glacial ice, and is being developed as a way to achieve a low energy threshold and a large effective volume at high energies. The technique is based on coherently summing the impulsive Askaryan signal from multiple antennas, which increases the signal-to-noise ratio for weak signals. We report here on measurements and a simulation of thermal noise correlations between nearby antennas, beamforming of impulsive signals, and a measurement of the expected improvement in trigger efficiency through the phased array technique. We also discuss the noise environment observed with an analog phased array at Summit Station, Greenland, a possible site for an interferometric phased array for radio detection of high energy neutrinos.Comment: 13 Pages, 14 Figure

Elucidating glycosaminoglycan–protein–protein interactions using carbohydrate microarray and computational approaches

Glycosaminoglycan polysaccharides play critical roles in many cellular processes, ranging from viral invasion and angiogenesis to spinal cord injury. Their diverse biological activities are derived from an ability to regulate a remarkable number of proteins. However, few methods exist for the rapid identification of glycosaminoglycan–protein interactions and for studying the potential of glycosaminoglycans to assemble multimeric protein complexes. Here, we report a multidisciplinary approach that combines new carbohydrate microarray and computational modeling methodologies to elucidate glycosaminoglycan–protein interactions. The approach was validated through the study of known protein partners for heparan and chondroitin sulfate, including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and its receptor FGFR1, the malarial protein VAR2CSA, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). We also applied the approach to identify previously undescribed interactions between a specific sulfated epitope on chondroitin sulfate, CS-E, and the neurotrophins, a critical family of growth factors involved in the development, maintenance, and survival of the vertebrate nervous system. Our studies show for the first time that CS is capable of assembling multimeric signaling complexes and modulating neurotrophin signaling pathways. In addition, we identify a contiguous CS-E-binding site by computational modeling that suggests a potential mechanism to explain how CS may promote neurotrophin-tyrosine receptor kinase (Trk) complex formation and neurotrophin signaling. Together, our combined microarray and computational modeling methodologies provide a general, facile means to identify new glycosaminoglycan–protein–protein interactions, as well as a molecular-level understanding of those complexes

Flow and retreat of the Late Quaternary Pine Island-Thwaites palaeo-ice stream, West Antarctica

Multibeam swath bathymetry and sub-bottom profiler data are used to establish constraints on the flow and retreat history of a major palaeo-ice stream that carried the combined discharge from the parts of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet now occupied by the Pine Island and Thwaites glacier basins. Sets of highly elongated bedforms show that, at the last glacial maximum, the route of the Pine Island-Thwaites palaeo-ice stream arced north-northeast following a prominent cross-shelf trough. In this area, the grounding line advanced to within similar to 68 km of, and probably reached, the shelf edge. Minimum ice thickness is estimated at 715 m on the outer shelf, and we estimate a minimum ice discharge of similar to 108 km(3) yr(-1) assuming velocities similar to today's Pine Island glacier (similar to 2.5 km yr(-1)). Additional bed forms observed in a trough northwest of Pine Island Bay likely formed via diachronous ice flows across the outer shelf and demonstrate switching ice stream behavior. The "style" of ice retreat is also evident in five grounding zone wedges, which suggest episodic deglaciation characterized by halts in grounding line migration up-trough. Stillstands occurred in association with changes in ice bed gradient, and phases of inferred rapid retreat correlate to higher bed slopes, supporting theoretical studies that show bed geometry as a control on ice margin recession. However, estimates that individual wedges could have formed within several centuries still imply a relatively rapid overall retreat. Our findings show that the ice stream channeled a substantial fraction of West Antarctica's discharge in the past, just as the Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers do today

Sleep and Diet in Urban Pregnant African American Women

ABSTRACT Objective: Sleep disturbances during pregnancy are associated with gestational diabetes and excessive weight gain. Diet could potentially play a role in these relationships, yet examinations of sleep and diet in African American pregnant populations are scarce. Methods: The study population includes pregnant African American women from Detroit, MI (n=53). At the baseline study visit during late pregnancy, women were surveyed about typical bed and wake times, as well as usual food intake via a dietary screener. Sleep measures examined included time in bed and sleep midpoint (median of going to bed and wake time). Composite dietary measures included estimated fruit and vegetable (FV), dairy, and added sugar intake. Linear regression models were used to evaluate associations between sleep and dietary measures, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: On average, women with shorter time in bed (\u3c8 hours compared to ≥8 hours) had one cup/day higher intake of fruits and vegetables (95% CI 0.10 to 1.83), driven by the individual items tomato sauce, salsa, and fruit juice. Delayed sleep timing (a midpoint\u3e2:45 AM compared to midpoint≤2:45 AM) was associated with 0.78 cup/day lower fruit and vegetable intake (95% CI -1.67 to 0.12), mostly driven by whole fruit and vegetables (e.g. string beans, peas, corn rather than salad or cooked dried beans). Later midpoint was also associated with lower dairy intake (0.41 fewer servings/day; 95% CI -0.78 to -0.04), particularly milk. Shorter time in bed was associated with higher pastry intake, and delayed sleep timing was associated with lower pastry intake. Conclusions: Sleep characteristics were uniquely associated with diet in pregnant women

Heteronuclear d-d and d-f Ru(II)/M complexes [M = Gd(III), Yb(III), Nd(III), Zn(II) or Mn(II)] of ligands combining phenanthroline and aminocarboxylate binding sites: combined relaxivity, cell imaging and photophysical studies

A ligand skeleton combining a 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) binding site and one or two heptadentate N3O4 aminocarboxylate binding sites, connected via alkyne spacers to the phen C3 or C3/C8 positions, has been used to prepare a range of heteronuclear Ru·M and Ru·M2 complexes which have been evaluated for their cell imaging, relaxivity, and photophysical properties. In all cases the phen unit is bound to a {Ru(bipy)2}2+ unit to give a phosphorescent {Ru(bipy)2(phen)}2+ luminophore, and the pendant aminocarboxylate sites are occupied by a secondary metal ion M which is either a lanthanide [Gd(III), Nd(III), Yb(III)] or another d-block ion [Zn(II), Mn(II)]. When M = Gd(III) or Mn(II) these ions provide the complexes with a high relaxivity for water; in the case of Ru·Gd and Ru·Gd2 the combination of high water relaxivity and 3MLCT phosphorescence from the Ru(II) unit provides the possibility of two different types of imaging modality in a single molecular probe. In the case of Ru·Mn and Ru·Mn2 the Ru(II)-based phosphorescence is substantially reduced compared to the control complexes Ru·Zn and Ru·Zn2 due to the quenching effect of the Mn(II) centres. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy studies on Ru·Mn (and Ru·Zn as a non-quenched control) reveal the occurrence of fast (<1 ns) PET in Ru·Mn, from the Mn(II) ion to the Ru(II)-based 3MLCT state, i.e. MnII–(phen˙−)–RuIII → MnIII–(phen˙−)–RuII; the resulting MnIII–(phen˙−) state decays with τ ≈ 5 ns and is non-luminescent. This occurs in conformers when an ET pathway is facilitated by a planar, conjugated bridging ligand conformation connecting the two units across the alkyne bridge but does not occur in conformers where the two units are electronically decoupled by a twisted conformation of the bridging ligand. Computational studies (DFT) on Ru·Mn confirmed both the occurrence of the PET quenching pathway and its dependence on molecular conformation. In the complexes Ru·Ln and Ru·Ln2 (Ln = Nd, Yb), sensitised near-infrared luminescence from Nd(III) or Yb(III) is observed following photoinduced energy-transfer from the Ru(II) core, with Ru → Nd energy-transfer being faster than Ru → Yb energy-transfer due to the higher density of energy-accepting states on Nd(III)