Effect of dairy probiotic combinations on in vitro gastrointestinal tolerance, intestinal epithelial cell adhesion and cytokine secretion

Gastrointestinal tolerance, adhesion to intestinal epithelium and immunomodulation are critical factors in maintaining probiotic efficacy. Seven different types of fermented milk were made from goat's milk using various culture compositions of three probiotics: Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Propionibacterium jensenii 702 and in vitro gastrointestinal tolerance, adhesion ability and stimulation of cytokine production by probiotics were evaluated. All probiotics and combinations demonstrated significantly lower viability after exposure to simulated gastric (pH 2.0) and intestinal (with 0.3% bile, pH 8.0) fluids (p < 0.05). The ability of probiotics to adhere to Caco-2 cells appeared to be influenced by the specific probiotic strains with which they were combined in the manufacturing of fermented milk. Only monocultures of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria and their co-cultures were able to induce low levels of IL-6 and TNF-α production from Caco-2 cells. It seems likely that co-cultures of various probiotics may affect their functional properties

Production of probiotic ice cream from goat's milk and effect of packaging materials on product quality

A chocolate flavored probiotic ice cream was made from goat's milk using a probiotic bacterial culture comprising Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, and novel probiotic Propionibacterium jensenii 702, and stored in three different packaging materials: polypropylene, polyethylene and glass. In order to assess the quality of the product, viability of the probiotic bacteria, the physico-chemical properties and sensory characteristics of the product in the different packaging materials were measured during storage. The freezing process during manufacturing of the ice cream was associated with a reduction in viable cell number, however the viable numbers of all probiotics remained 10⁷ to 10⁸ cfu g⁻¹ up to 52 weeks at −20 °C regardless of the type of packaging. Packaging materials had a significant influence on the complete melting time of ice cream, and with the melting quality of the product as identified by the tasting panel, one week after production. The influence of packaging was not apparent in relation to other physico-chemical properties and sensory attributes of the product, while variation in certain sensory properties such as body and texture and taste of the product was apparent after 12 weeks storage

In vitro analysis of gastrointestinal tolerance and intestinal cell adhesion of probiotics in goat's milk ice cream and yogurt

Effect of carrier food type on <i>in vitro</i> gastrointestinal survival and adhesion ability of probiotic <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> LA-5, <i>Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis</i> BB-12 and <i>Propionibacterium jensenii</i> 702 were evaluated using goat's milk ice cream, plain and fruit yogurts. Carrier food matrix had a significant influence on the in vitro gastrointestinal tolerance of all three probiotics when exposed to both highly acidic conditions (pH 2.0) and 0.3% bile. Exposure to conditions of lower pH (pH 2.0) resulted in a significant reduction in probiotic viability during simulated gastric transit tolerance compared to pH levels of 3.0 and 4.0. However, ice cream was generally found to improve the acid and bile tolerance of the probiotics compared to plain and stirred fruit yogurts. In a similar manner, the <i>in vitro</i> adhesion ability of probiotics was found to be influenced by the carrier food matrix, with fruit yogurt providing the most favorable outcomes, although in all cases a substantial number of viable bacteria (10⁵–10⁶ cfu/g) were able to attach to the Caco-2 cells

Probiotic viability and physico-chemical and sensory properties of plain and stirred fruit yogurts made from goat's milk

Probiotic plain and stirred fruit yogurts were made from goat’s milk using bacterial cultures comprising, Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and Propionibacterium jensenii 702. The products were stored at 4 °C for 4 weeks, during which time the viability of the yogurt starter culture and probiotic bacteria was analysed weekly. P. jensenii 702 demonstrated the highest viability (10⁸cfu/g) in all types of yogurt throughout the storage period, while the viability of the bifidobacteria (∼10⁷cfu/g) also remained above the minimum therapeutic level. The viability of L. acidophilus LA-5 fell below 10⁶cfu/g in yogurts, however, the addition of fruit juice appeared to support the viability of lactobacilli, with higher microorganism numbers observed in fruit yogurts than in plain yogurt throughout the shelf life. Addition of fruit juice significantly increased the syneresis, and decreased viscosity and water holding capacity of yogurts (p < 0.05), and also enhanced their sensory acceptability

Microbial, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of mango juice-enriched probiotic dairy drinks

This study aimed to determine whether mango juice can improve the viability of probiotics in a fermented dairy‐based beverage whilst maintaining its quality characteristics. Formulations containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La‐5 culture, whole cow's milk and varying concentrations of mango juice (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% (w/w)) were produced and stored for five weeks at 4 °C. Results showed that probiotic viability was enhanced with the addition of 10% mango juice. Additionally, this formulation improved probiotics tolerance when exposed to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. According to the sensory analysis, beverage sensory scores improved as levels of mango juice increased from 20% to 40%

The resistance of bacillus, bifidobacterium, and lactobacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties in different food matrices exposed to simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions

The resistance of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Bacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties in different food matrices was evaluated. Lactobacillus paracasei PXN 37, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb-12, Bifidobacterium breve PXN 25, Bacillus subtilis PXN 21, Bacillus coagulans GBI30 6086 and Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856 strains were inoculated in "requeijao cremoso" cheese, pasteurized orange juice, and bread. Further, the counts of the strains with claimed probiotic properties were determined throughout the products' shelf-life. Additionally, the survival (%), at the beginning and at the end of their shelf-life, of each strain with claimed probiotic properties inoculated in the three foods was estimated by using a static in vitro system simulating the gastric (pH 2), enteric I (pH 5) and enteric II (pH 7) phases of gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Overall, it has been found that the Bacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties showed greater viability than probiotic Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus strains no matter the food studied. The percentage of survival of the Bacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties were always above 83%. The Bacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties were able to survive well in all the food matrices tested. Therefore, this study shows that these strains of Bacillus may comprise a feasible strategy for expanding the range of "probiotic food" choices given their high resistance to the composition of foods, manufacturing steps, and resistance to simulated GIT conditions125CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP302763/2014-7; 305804/2017-0não tem13/21544-

Behavior of different Bacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties throughout processed cheese (“requeijão cremoso”) manufacturing and storage

Even though spore-forming bacteria have been mainly linked to spoilage or foodborne pathogens vehiculated through foods, some strains of Bacillus can potentially present probiotic properties. The advantage of incorporating probiotic Bacillus strains in foods relies mainly on the fact that these microorganisms present high resistance to harsh processing conditions. “Requeijão cremoso” is a type of processed cheese highly appreciated in Brazil. During processing, this product is submitted to several harsh conditions (heating at 90 °C, for instance), leading to the inactivation of probiotic bacteria belonging to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. That fact has precluded the development of probiotic “requeijão cremoso” products; however, probiotic Bacillus strains may comprise a promising alternative to overcome the low resistance of traditional probiotics to food processing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of different Bacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties throughout processed cheese (“requeijão cremoso”) manufacturing. A total of five different Bacillus strains with claimed probiotic properties (B. coagulans MTCC 5856, B. coagulans GBI-30 6086, B. subtilis PXN 21, B. subtilis PB6, and B. flexus HK1) were individually inoculated at different stages of manufacture – curd pasteurization, coagulation, and fusion – of “requeijão cremoso” and their survival in each of these stages was determined. The survival of B. coagulans GBI-30 6086 was further assessed throughout “requeijão cremoso” production and shelf life (45 days at 6 °C). Besides, the chemical composition, level of proteolysis, and fatty acid profile of the treatments during shelf life were evaluated. The fusion stage was found as the most appropriate for the addition of B. coagulans GBI-30 6086, which allows the production of probiotic “requeijão cremoso” and facilitates the technological process while preventing the occurrence of final product recontamination307CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP302763/2014-7; 305804/2017-000113/21544-

Effect of high-intensity ultrasound on the nutritional profile and volatile compounds of a prebiotic soursop whey beverage

This study evaluated the nutritional profile and volatile compounds present in a novel prebiotic (inulin) soursop whey beverage, due to the effects of high-intensity ultrasound (HIUS). The prebiotic soursop whey beverage was produced and processed by non-thermal high-intensity ultrasound varying the power (0, 200, 400 and 600 W) and by high-temperature short time (72 degrees C for 15 s) thermal treatment. Total acidity, pH, ascorbic acid content, total phenolics compounds content, antioxidant activity, hypertensive activity, fatty acid profile, volatile organic compounds, macro and micro minerals, as well as the heavy metals in these products, were analyzed. Overall, the HIUS technology induced some positive changes in the nutritional profile of the soursop whey beverage including beneficial effects, e.g., increase of phenolic content, improvement of the antioxidant and anti-hypertensive activity and reduction of undesired minerals. Although some negative changes, such as degradation of the ascorbic acid, decrease of some minerals and production of certain volatile compounds were found, the beneficial effects were prominent, thus, opening new opportunities to develop healthy functional beverages55157164CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP302423/2015-0não tem2015/22226-