El cuidar de sí mismo: un sentir desde la visión de los estudiantes de Enfermería

Care is part of the nature and constitution of man. In its historical evolution it is undergoing transformations from the biological, emotional, and social aspects, conferring adaptive capacity to different stages of the life cycle and the eventualities that arise in its daily life. The objective investigated was; explore the meaning of self-care in nursing students, placing it in the phenomenological approach, describing the essential structures of the experience lived and perceived by the subjects. The collection was achieved through the in-depth interview. The three key informants participating in this research were nursing students from Universidad del Magdalena who, due to their experiences, relationship skills become an important source of information. As a result of analysis were obtained as categories: Perception of self-care and self-esteem. The conclusions when interpreting the studied phenomenon are: The student who is in formation is able to recognize that taking care of himself is a complex process, which involves the integrality as a whole, the responsibility with himself and with others, this will help him to understand the world of the other in this case the patient who will be under their responsibility in health institutions and communities.El cuidado forma parte de la naturaleza y la constitución del hombre. En su evolución histórica va experimentando transformaciones desde lo biológico, emocional, y social confiriéndole capacidad adaptativa a diferentes etapas del ciclo vital y las eventualidades suscitadas en su cotidianidad. El objetivo investigado fue; explorar el significado de cuidar de sí en los estudiantes de enfermería, ubicándolo en el enfoque fenomenológico, describiendo las estructuras esenciales de la experiencia vivida y percibida por los sujetos. La recolección se logró mediante la entrevista en profundidad. Los tres informantes claves participantes en esta investigación fueron estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad del Magdalena que, por sus vivencias, capacidades de relaciones se convierten en fuente importante de información. Como resultado de análisis se obtuvieron como categorías: Percepción del cuidado de sí y la autoestima. Las conclusiones al interpretar el fenómeno estudiado son:   El estudiante que está en formación es capaz de reconocer   que cuidarse a sí mismo es un proceso complejo, que involucra la integralidad como un todo, la responsabilidad con el mismo y con los demás, esto lo ayudará a comprender el mundo del otro en este caso el paciente que estará bajo su responsabilidad en instituciones de salud y comunidades. &nbsp

A decade of advances in black soldier fly research: from genetics to sustainability

Black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is one of the most explored insect species mass-produced for feed, but also for food and technical purposes. Considering the rapid developments in both research and industrial production of this insect species in the last decade, this review intends to reflect on the most current scientific insights and define the future trends and needs for the most relevant associated research fields. The review reflects on the aspects of BSF production and reproduction, utilization of BSF biomass as components of animals' feeds and human food. It also provides reflection on genetics, microbiology and sustainability. The analysis identifies the need in future research associated with compositions of fungal and viral communities of insects and their environments and mapping the dynamics of BSF gut physiology and microbiota in varying conditions. High interest will be devoted to establishing genomic resources, to characterize genotypic diversity, and to harness its potential through selective breeding to improve BSF performance quantitatively and/or qualitatively. Further research will follow on the use of BSF for food and feed development, potentially for specific application cases, associated with animal gut microbiome improvement and antimicrobial properties of BSF biomass. The further in-depth exploration of the potential of BSF for waste biotransformation and the assessment of its circularity potential are also expected to be major focus points of research in the next decade

Taxonomy and pathology of Togninia (Diaporthales) and its Phaeoacremonium anamorphs.

The genus Togninia (Diaporthales, Togniniaceae) is here monographed along with its Phaeoacremonium (Pm.) anamorphs. Ten species of Togninia and 22 species of Phaeoacremonium are treated. Several new species of Togninia (T.) are described, namely T. argentinensis (anamorph Pm. argentinense), T. austroafricana (anamorph Pm. austroafricanum), T. krajdenii, T. parasitica, T. rubrigena and T. viticola. New species of Phaeoacremonium include Pm. novae-zealandiae (teleomorph T. novae-zealandiae), Pm. iranianum, Pm. sphinctrophorum and Pm. theobromatis. Species can be identified based on their cultural and morphological characters, supported by DNA data derived from partial sequences of the actin and ß-tubulin genes. Phylogenies of the SSU and LSU rRNA genes were used to determine whether Togninia has more affinity with the Calosphaeriales or the Diaporthales. The results confirmed that Togninia had a higher affinity to the Diaporthales than the Calosphaeriales. Examination of type specimens revealed that T. cornicola, T. vasculosa, T. rhododendri, T. minima var. timidula and T. villosa, were not members of Togninia. The new combinations Calosphaeria cornicola, Calosphaeria rhododendri, Calosphaeria transversa, Calosphaeria tumidula, Calosphaeria vasculosa and Jattaea villosa are proposed. Species of Phaeoacremonium are known vascular plant pathogens causing wilting and dieback of woody plants. The most prominent diseases in which they are involved are Petri disease and esca, which occur on grapevines and are caused by a complex of fungi, often including multiple species of Phaeoacremonium. Various Phaeoacremonium species are opportunistic fungi on humans and cause phaeohyphomycosis. The correct and rapid identification of Phaeoacremonium species is important to facilitate the understanding of their involvement in plant as well as human disease. A rapid identification method was developed for the 22 species of Phaeacremonium. It involved the use of 23 species-specific primers, including 20 primers targeting the ß-tubulin gene and three targeting the actin gene. These primers can be used in 14 multiplex reactions. Additionally, a multiple-entry electronic key based on morphological, cultural and ß-tubulin sequence data was developed to facilitate phenotypic and sequence-based species identification of the different Phaeoacremonium species. Separate dichotomous keys are provided for the identification of the Togninia and Phaeoacremonium species. Keys for the identification of Phaeoacremonium-like fungi and the genera related to Togninia are also provided. The mating strategy of several Togninia species was investigated with ascospores obtained from fertile perithecia produced in vitro. Togninia argentinensis and T. novae-zealandiae have homothallic mating systems, whereas T. austroafricana, T. krajdenii, T. minima, T. parasitica, T. rubrigena and T. viticola were heterothallic.

Insecticidal effect of six entomopathogenic nematode strains against Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

The insecticidal effect of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae), Heterorhabditis megidis Poinar, Jackson and Klein (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) and two strains of Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) and Steinernema feltiae Filipjev (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) against the cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) and the confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was examined under laboratory conditions. The nematodes were applied at the following doses: 0 (control), 100, 1000, 5000,10,000 and 20,000 infective juveniles (IJs) per ml, corresponding to 0, 10, 100, 500,1000, and 2000 Us per in sect, and their infectivity was tested at 27 degrees C and 70% r.h. after 4 and 8 days of exposure. Adult emergence and progeny production was evaluated 4 and 8 weeks after the initiation of the bioassays. In the case of L serricorne adults, one strain of S. carpocapsae caused 15.6 and 58.9% mortality after 4 and 8 days exposure, respectively, in semolina treated with 20,000 Us per ml. On the other hand, larval mortality of serricorne did not exceed 19% in all treatments tested. Similarly, larval mortality of T. confusum was low, reaching 15.2 and 22.4% after 4 and 8 days exposure, respectively, at the highest dose tested. This is the first report on the effect of entomopathogenic nematodes against the cigarette beetle L serricorne. Further experimental work is required to optimize the conditions under which these entomopathogenic nematodes could be used for the effective control of stored-product pests. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY OF A MOUNTAINOUS STREAM (PELION, CENTRAL GREECE) USING BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES

Biotic indices are commonly used in biomonitoring programs to assess the quality of surface waters. In the present study, a number of biotic indices based on benthic macroinvertebrates have been applied in assessing the water quality of a mountainous stream (Pelion, Central Greece). Samplings were done in summer and autumn 2012 in two sampling sites (Karamani, Servanates) using two sampling methods: (a) a standard pond net and (b) the Surber method. Invertebrate identification was performed to the family level. The Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) score, the Average Score Per Taxa (ASPT), the Lincoln Quality Index, as well as the Iberian BMWP, and the Iberian ASPT were applied to the benthic macroinvertebrate samples to assess the water quality of each site. According to ASPT, IASPT and LQI, the biological water quality of both sampling sites was very good, regardless of the season and the sampling method used, with the exceptions of the summer samplings in Servanates with both sampling methods, and in Karamani with Surber, for which a good water quality was assessed with LQI and IASPT, respectively. In contrast, the BMWP and IBMWP scores for the sampling site Servanates were low, corresponding to fair water quality, but this effect was attributed to the particular hydrological conditions of this site. The sampling method did not significantly affect the sampling efficiency and, consequently, the results of the water quality evaluation

Developmental plasticity among strains of the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor L., under dry conditions

Edible insect production relies, among others, on the use of high-quality strains with good productivity characteristics. However, studies on the evaluation of the growth performance of different insect strains are limited. In this framework, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth and development under dry conditions of larvae of six Tenebrio molitor strains of different geographical origins, i.e. Greece, Italy, Turkey, Spain and USA, in terms of larval survival and development, as well as feed utilisation efficiency. In light of our results, we report the variable growth performance of different T. molitor strains in the absence of a moisture source. Although no significant differences were shown among the strains tested with regard to the final larval weights and survival rates, there were significant differences in the development time and the growth rate, which may affect the overall efficiency of T. molitor larvae production. Our study aims to highlight the significance of strain for the growth performance and consequently the productivity of T. molitor. © 2021. Wageningen Academic Publisher

Comparison of two pirimiphos-methyl formulations against major stored-product insect species

The insecticidal effect of two pirimiphos-methyl formulations [emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and capsule suspension (CS)] was evaluated in laboratory bioassays against adults of Sitophilus granarius, S. oryzae, Rhyzopertha dominica, Tribolium confusum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Prostephanus truncatus and Liposcelis entomophila. Pirimiphos-methyl was applied at five dose rates, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 ppm, and, depending on the natural mortality level, insect mortality was assessed after 1, 2, 7, 14 and 21 d of exposure. After the final mortality count, all individuals were removed and progeny production was evaluated after an additional period of 65 d. In another series of laboratory bioassays, the insecticidal efficacy of these two pirimiphos-methyl formulations was evaluated against S. granarius, T confusum and R. dominica at three temperatures (20, 25 and 30 degrees C) and two relative humidity (r.h.) levels (55 and 75%). Pirimiphos-methyl was applied at two dose rates, 2 and 4 ppm, and mortality of beetles was measured after 7,14 and 21 d of exposure. In all cases, Sitophilus species were highly susceptible to both pirimiphosmethyl formulations, since complete (100%) mortality was noted with doses >= 1 ppm after 7 d of exposure. In contrast, R. dominica and P. truncatus were the least susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl, as mortality did not exceed 82 and 57%, respectively, for any of the dose rates or formulations tested. Progeny production was in most cases suppressed by pirimiphos-methyl, with the exception of R. dominica. Moreover, in most of the combinations tested, there was no significant and consistent effect of temperature and r.h. on S. granarius, T. confusum and R. dominica mortality. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd