453 research outputs found
Introducing a Research Program for Quantum Humanities: Theoretical Implications
Quantum computing is a new form of computing that is based on the principles
of quantum mechanics. It has the potential to revolutionize many fields,
including the humanities and social sciences. The idea behind quantum
humanities is to explore the potential of quantum computing to answer new
questions in these fields, as well as to consider the potential societal
impacts of this technology. This paper proposes a research program for quantum
humanities, which includes the application of quantum algorithms to humanities
and social science research, the reflection on the methods and techniques of
quantum computing, and the evaluation of its potential societal implications.
This research program aims to define the field of quantum humanities and to
establish it as a meaningful part of the humanities and social sciences.Comment: 21 pages, 2 figure
Entwicklung mineralogischer Proxies in Permafrostablagerungen (Böden, tiefere Sedimente) während pleistozäner Klimaschwankungen
Klimabedingte Veränderungen werden insbesondere für die arktischen Regionen mit ihren riesigen Dauerfrostgebieten prognostiziert. Dabei wirken sich die aktuellen Temperaturerhöhungen auf viele Bereiche innerhalb der Kryosphäre aus und beeinflussen auch pedogene und biogeochemische Prozesse in Permafrost-beeinflussten Landschaften, die sich in den Böden und Ablagerungen widerspiegeln und als charakteristische Merkmale dieser Schwankungen gedeutet werden können. Das Pleistozän ist gekennzeichnet durch den Wechsel mehrerer Interglaziale, Glaziale sowie in letzteren auftretende Interstadiale und stellt somit ein repräsentatives Klima-Archiv dar. Im Boden enthaltene Minerale reagieren auf extrem kalte Bedingungen, indem sie ihre Oberflächenstrukturen verändern oder sich aufgrund von Frostverwitterung anreichern. Sobald sich die Klimabedingungen ändern und es wärmer wird, kommt es zu Umwandlungen oder zur Lösung von mineralischen Komponenten. So können unterschiedliche Verteilungen verschiedenartiger Eisenoxide sowie charakteristische Oberflächenstrukturen von Quarzkörnern signifikante Hinweise auf die klimatischen Bedingungen zum Zeitpunkt der Pedogenese geben. Durch den Abgleich verschiedener mineralogisch-bodenkundlicher Analyseverfahren von pleistozänem Bodenmaterial aus der sibirischen Republik Sacha (Jakutien) mit holozänen Referenzwerten aus Permafrostböden sollen Proxies ermittelt werden, die den Verlauf der Umwelt- und Klimaänderungen anzeigen. Erste Befunde zur Mineralzusammensetzung und deren Erscheinungsformen sowie zur Oxidverteilung für sibirische Permafrostablagerungen werden vorgestellt
The Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC): Deep Medium-Band optical imaging and high quality 32-band photometric redshifts in the ECDF-S
We present deep optical 18-medium-band photometry from the Subaru telescope
over the ~30' x 30' Extended Chandra Deep Field-South (ECDF-S), as part of the
Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC). This field has a wealth of
ground- and space-based ancillary data, and contains the GOODS-South field and
the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. We combine the Subaru imaging with existing
UBVRIzJHK and Spitzer IRAC images to create a uniform catalog. Detecting
sources in the MUSYC BVR image we find ~40,000 galaxies with R_AB<25.3, the
median 5 sigma limit of the 18 medium bands. Photometric redshifts are
determined using the EAZY code and compared to ~2000 spectroscopic redshifts in
this field. The medium band filters provide very accurate redshifts for the
(bright) subset of galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts, particularly at 0.1 <
z 3.5. For 0.1 < z < 1.2, we find a 1 sigma scatter in \Delta
z/(1+z) of 0.007, similar to results obtained with a similar filter set in the
COSMOS field. As a demonstration of the data quality, we show that the red
sequence and blue cloud can be cleanly identified in rest-frame color-magnitude
diagrams at 0.1 < z < 1.2. We find that ~20% of the red-sequence-galaxies show
evidence of dust-emission at longer rest-frame wavelengths. The reduced images,
photometric catalog, and photometric redshifts are provided through the public
MUSYC website.Comment: 19 pages, 14 image
The Case for the Dual Halo of the Milky Way
Carollo et al. have recently resolved the stellar population of the Milky Way
halo into at least two distinct components, an inner halo and an outer halo.
This result has been criticized by Schoenrich et al., who claim that the
retrograde signature associated with the outer halo is due to the adoption of
faulty distances. We refute this claim, and demonstrate that the Schoenrich et
al. photometric distances are themselves flawed because they adopted an
incorrect main-sequence absolute magnitude relationship from the work of
Ivezi\'c et al. When compared to the recommended relation from Ivezi\'c et al.,
which is tied to a Milky Way globular cluster distance scale and accounts for
age and metallicity effects, the relation adopted by Schoenrich et al. yields
up to 18% shorter distances for stars near the main-sequence turnoff (TO). Use
of the correct relationship yields agreement between the distances assigned by
Carollo et al. and Ivezi\'{c} et al. for low-metallicity dwarfs to within
6-10%. Schoenrich et al. also point out that intermediate-gravity stars (3.5 <=
log g <= 4.0) with colors redder than the TO region are likely misclassified,
with which we concur. We implement a new procedure to reassign luminosity
classifications for the TO stars that require it. New derivations of the
rotational behavior demonstrate that the retrograde signature and high velocity
dispersion of the outer-halo population remains. We summarize additional lines
of evidence for a dual halo, including a test of the retrograde signature based
on proper motions alone, and conclude that the preponderance of evidence
strongly rejects the single-halo interpretation.Comment: 46 pages, 2 tables, 15 figures, Accepted for publication in the
Astrophysical Journa
Hypoxic Environment and Paired Hierarchical 3D and 2D Models of Pediatric H3.3-Mutated Gliomas Recreate the Patient Tumor Complexity.
BACKGROUND:Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) are facing a very dismal prognosis and representative pre-clinical models are needed for new treatment strategies. Here, we examined the relevance of collecting functional, genomic, and metabolomics data to validate patient-derived models in a hypoxic microenvironment. METHODS:From our biobank of pediatric brain tumor-derived models, we selected 11 pHGGs driven by the histone H3.3K28M mutation. We compared the features of four patient tumors to their paired cell lines and mouse xenografts using NGS (next generation sequencing), aCGH (array comparative genomic hybridization), RNA sequencing, WES (whole exome sequencing), immunocytochemistry, and HRMAS (high resolution magic angle spinning) spectroscopy. We developed a multicellular in vitro model of cell migration to mimic the brain hypoxic microenvironment. The live cell technology Incucyte© was used to assess drug responsiveness in variable oxygen conditions. RESULTS:The concurrent 2D and 3D cultures generated from the same tumor sample exhibited divergent but complementary features, recreating the patient intra-tumor complexity. Genomic and metabolomic data described the metabolic changes during pHGG progression and supported hypoxia as an important key to preserve the tumor metabolism in vitro and cell dissemination present in patients. The neurosphere features preserved tumor development and sensitivity to treatment. CONCLUSION:We proposed a novel multistep work for the development and validation of patient-derived models, considering the immature and differentiated content and the tumor microenvironment of pHGGs
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