Innovation brokers and their roles in value chain-network innovation: preliminary findings and a research agenda

Intervention approaches have been implemented in developing countries to enhance farmer's livelihoods through improving their linkages to markets and inclusiveness in agricultural value chains. Such interventions are aimed at facilitating the inclusion of small farmers not just in the vertical activities of the value chain (coordination of the chain) but also in the horizontal activities (cooperation in the chain). Therefore value addition is made by not just innovating products and services, but also by innovating social processes, which we define as Value Chain-Network Innovation. In Value Chain-Network Innovation, linkage formation among networks and optimisation is one of the main objectives of innovation enhancing interventions. Here some important roles for innovation brokers are envisaged as crucial to dynamise this process, connecting different actors of the innovation system, paying special attention to the weaker ones. However, little attention has been given to identify different innovation brokering roles in those approaches, and to the need that they facilitate innovation processes and open safe spaces for innovation and social learning at different organisational settings and levels, to have more effective and sustainable impacts. This paper offers some preliminary empirical evidence of the roles of innovation brokers in a developing country setting, recognising the context-sensitive nature of innovations. Two cases from work experience with intervention approaches are analysed in light of the theories of innovation brokering, presenting some empirical evidence of different types of arrangements made by innovation brokers. A third case was taken from the literature. Data from questionnaires, key informant interviews, participant observations of different types of activities and processes carried out in those approaches, SWOT analysis and project reports were used for the analysis of different types of brokering roles and to draw some lessons. One important outcome of this preliminary analysis was that Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in integration with other media facilitate new ways of social organisation and interaction of innovation networks, which offer more possibilities for processes of innovation, aggregating value to the production and sharing of knowledge. There is already a transition of paradigm for approaching agricultural innovation to more participative and open approaches, which offers a promissory landscape for organising the value chain actors in a way that is more favourable for small farmers

The Effects of Tact-to-Mand Transfer Procedures and Prompting Procedures for Increasing Independent Mands in a Child with Autism

The present study examined tact-to-mand transfer procedures and prompting procedures on a child diagnosed with autism. There was one participant, a 3-year-old Hispanic male, with a limited manding repertoire whom also possessed knowledge of tacting items. A multiple baseline design across settings was implemented in order to increase the number of mands emitted by the participant. Data were collected using paper and pen recording by the researcher and another observer to provide interobserver agreement. Mastery probes were collected at one week, two weeks, and four weeks. Results indicated that transfer procedures may be helpful in generalizing manding for a child with a limited manding repertoire. The implications of these findings are discussed in order to enhance manding repertoires in children with autism. Further research for this study would be to expand vocalizations and knowledge in order to use a pure mand instead of a prompt

Comportamento ambiental de diferentes modelos de edificações para suínos, durante a estação quente.

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Sistema Dalquim de tratamento de resíduos animais.

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Características das construções para suínos utilizadas no sul do Brasil.

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Aptidão de solos da bacia hidrográfica do Rio do Peixe para aporte de fertilizantes orgânicos.

Condições climáticas, geologia e relevo; Solos; Potencial poluente da fertilização orgânica; Recomendações.bitstream/item/58414/1/CUsersPiazzonDocuments230.pd

Una propuesta metodológica para estimar los cambios sobre el valor de la propiedad: estudio de caso para Bogotá aplicando propensity score matching y

Este estudio comparó los resultados obtenidos mediantes Propensity Score Matching (PSM, nombre y sigla en inglés) y un modelo de precios hedónico espaciales (PHE) para estimar elcambio en el valor de la propiedad en Bogotá, cuando un predio se encuentra ubicado cerca auna estación de TransMilenio (TM). Así, en 2008, las viviendas colindantes a una estación deTM en promedio obtienen un precio mayor entre $117.500 (PHE) y$115.403 (PSM) por metro cuadrado, cuando es contrastado con el valor por metro cuadrado de los predios alejados del área de influencia del sistema TM y que potencialmente hubiesen podido estar afectados directamente por el proyecto.evaluación de impacto, Propensity Score Matching, modelo de precio hedónicoespacial, cambio en el valor de la propiedad, TransMilenio.

Making Decisions under Outcome Performativity

Decision-makers often act in response to data-driven predictions, with the goal of achieving favorable outcomes. In such settings, predictions don't passively forecast the future; instead, predictions actively shape the distribution of outcomes they are meant to predict. This performative prediction setting raises new challenges for learning "optimal" decision rules. In particular, existing solution concepts do not address the apparent tension between the goals of forecasting outcomes accurately and steering individuals to achieve desirable outcomes. To contend with this concern, we introduce a new optimality concept -- performative omniprediction -- adapted from the supervised (non-performative) learning setting. A performative omnipredictor is a single predictor that simultaneously encodes the optimal decision rule with respect to many possibly-competing objectives. Our main result demonstrates that efficient performative omnipredictors exist, under a natural restriction of performative prediction, which we call outcome performativity. On a technical level, our results follow by carefully generalizing the notion of outcome indistinguishability to the outcome performative setting. From an appropriate notion of Performative OI, we recover many consequences known to hold in the supervised setting, such as omniprediction and universal adaptability