Multivariate analysis of Vitis subgenus Vitis seed morphology

We studied 142 grapevine seed samples belonging to 5 Vitis species, 92 cultivars of Vitis vinifera, 12 feral/wild populations and 4 hybrid rootstock cultivars. Eleven different characters from the seed and one allometric index have been used. Seeds show a wide range of variation in body dimensions, and in other parameters. Two largely differentiated clusters were obtained. Coincidences with previous seed classifications are discussed. Wild extra-European species have smaller seeds. The index breadth/length (STUMMER’s index) doesn’t allow to separate wild grapevines and cultivars. It defines, however, the “wild syndrome” values above 0.8 corresponding to wild extra-European Vitis species, occasionally used as rootstocks. Ferals/wild individuals tend to display smaller berries and plumper pips than their cultivated relatives therefore “looking wild”. The multivariate analysis place together ferals/wild and related cultivars in their respective clusters and does not discriminate a cluster of wild European grapevine.

Water Quality of the Beach in an Urban and not Urban Environment

Numerous studies and theories have emerged for evaluating the quality of beaches using different parameters. In recent years in the European region, one of the most important aspects when evaluating a beach is the quality of water and sand. The quality of water is represented by the amount of Intestinal Enterococcus and Escherichia coli. This parameter is essential and others to obtain the Blue Flag, indicating that the user of the beach can swim safely. The European Directive 2006/7/EC establishes the limits of E. coli and Enterococcus that may exist in bathing water. However, it should be noted that each ecosystem is unique, and therefore the characteristics a beach are not the same per example if you are in an inland sea, or an ocean, or equal if they are close to an urban or a natural area. In this paper, 1,392 beaches in Spain have been analysed, and it has been observed that in the Mediterranean, the beaches have a lower concentration of bacteria than other areas. In addition, it appears that the sandy beaches and urban beaches have a higher content of bacteria that natural and gravel beaches

Circular pattern matching with k mismatches

The k-mismatch problem consists in computing the Hamming distance between a pattern P of length m and every length-m substring of a text T of length n, if this distance is no more than k. In many real-world applications, any cyclic shift of P is a relevant pattern, and thus one is interested in computing the minimal distance of every length-m substring of T and any cyclic shift of P. This is the circular pattern m

Chromosome characterization of the toadfish Halobatrachus didactylus (Schneider, 1801) (Teleostei: Batrachoididae) by fluorescent in situ hybridization

Halobatrachus didactylus (Schneider, 1801) has a chromosome number of 2n = 46 (8 metacentrics, 12 submetacentrics and 26 acrocentrics). Specimens studied were collected from waters of the Bay of Cadiz. Chromosome preparations were made from the cephalic portion of the kidney. The telomeric probe hybridized on the terminal position of all toadfish chromosomes. (GATA)n hybridized preferentially on the subcentromeric region of only one submetacentric chromosome pair, although additional weak signals dispersed throughout the chromosomes were found. Major ribosomal genes were also located on a submetacentric pair, but at a telomeric position. Finally, the 5S rDNA probe produced a hybridization pattern similar to the GATA probe. These results provide interesting information which describes chromosomal markers that may be of utility for the management of natural populations of this species.Se ha realizado la caracterización cromosómica de Halobatrachus didactylus (Schneider, 1801) mediante la localización de diferentes secuencias repetidas en sus cromosomas. Los especímenes utilizados fueron capturados en aguas de la bahía de Cádiz. Las preparaciones cromosómicas se realizaron de la porción cefálica del riñón. La sonda telomérica hibridó en posición terminal de todos los cromosomas del pez sapo. (GATA)n hibridó preferentemente en la región subcentromérica de un par cromosómico submetacéntrico; se encontraron señales adicionales más débiles. Los genes ribosomales mayores también fueron localizados en un par submetacéntrico, pero en región telomérica. Finalmente, la sonda 5S rDNA presentó un patrón de hibridación similar a la sonda GATA. Los resultados aportan interesantes datos que describen marcadores cromosómicos que podrían ser de utilidad para la gestión de poblaciones naturales de esta especie.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

Grupos de Expertos de Cáncer del PAPPS. Recomendaciones de Prevención del Cáncer. Actualización PAPPS 2020

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Tobacco use, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity are some of the lifestyle risk factors that have led to an increase in cancer. This article updates the evidence, and includes recommendations for prevention strategies for each of the cancers with the highest incidence. These are based on the reduction of risk factors (primary prevention) and early diagnosis of cancer through screening and early detection of signs and symptoms, in medium-risk and high-risk populations

Validating improved-MODIS products from spectral mixture-Landsat snow cover maps in a mountain region in southern Spain

Remote sensing is the only feasible data source for distributed modelling of snow in mountain regions on medium to large scales, due to the limited access to these areas together with the lack of dense ground monitoring stations for snow variables. Observations worldwide identify snow cover persistence together with snowfall occurrence as the most affected variables by global warming. In Mediterranean regions, the spatiotemporal evolution of the snow cover can experiment quick changes that result in different accumulation-ablation cycles during the cold season. High frequency sensors are required to adequately monitor such shifts; however, for trend analyses, the Landsat time series constitute the only available source of data, being their frequency low for this regime, especially when cloudy conditions limit the available images. On the other hand, the MODIS daily series provide more than 15 years of continuous snow maps, despite the spatial resolution may pose a constraint in areas with abrupt topography; several approaches have been done to improve their spatial resolution from combining different information. This work presents a methodological approach to validate the improved MODIS daily snow cover maps from Notarnicola et al. (2013a, b), with 250&thinsp;m spatial resolution, in Sierra Nevada (southern Spain), from a reference data set obtained by spectral mixture analyses of Landsat TM data by Pimentel et al. (2017b). This reference time series of fractional snow maps, with 30&thinsp;m spatial resolution, were validated from high resolution local time series of snow maps obtained by terrestrial time-lapse cameras. The results show a significantly high correlation between the two snow map products both on a global and basin scales in the Sierra Nevada area. Selected areas and time periods are shown to address the convergence and divergence between both products and assess the development of a fusion algorithm to retrieve daily Landsat-resolution snow maps on a long term basis.</p

Recomendaciones de prevención del cáncer. Actualización 2016

En este artículo presentamos una nueva actualización de las recomendaciones sobre prevención y cribados del cáncer del Grupo de Prevención del Cáncer del Programa de Prevención y Promoción de la Salud (PAPPS) de la Sociedad Española de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (semFYC). Para la síntesis de la evidencia y la formulación de las recomendaciones hemos utilizado el sistema GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation). GRADE define la fuerza de una recomendación en términos de la confianza que tenemos en que los desenlaces deseados de una intervención (p. ej., los beneficios) sean superiores a los indeseados (p. ej., los inconvenientes y los efectos adversos). En una recomendación a favor, los efectos deseados de una intervención frente a otra superan a los no deseados. En una recomendación en contra, los efectos no deseados superan a los efectos deseados. Ambas recomendaciones pueden ser a su vez fuertes, cuando podemos confiar en que habrá un balance favorable entre efectos deseados y no deseados de una intervención frente a otra, o, por el contrario, débiles, si hay incertidumbre sobre ese balance. Para elaborar las recomendaciones se ha tenido en cuenta la calidad de la evidencia científica, el balance entre beneficios y riesgos, el riesgo basal, los valores y preferencias de las personas y los costes. Las recomendaciones se han valorado desde la perspectiva individual y poblacional. Las personas deben estar informadas de los beneficios y riesgos del cribado. Los valores y preferencias personales son clave a la hora de tomar una decisión: algunas personas le darán mucho valor a los posibles beneficios (p. ej., reducción de la mortalidad), pero otras querrán evitar los riesgos del sobrediagnóstico y sobretratamiento y los posibles perjuicios sobre su calidad de vida. Las recomendaciones propuestas tienen como referencia las revisiones de la US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) y la Canadian Task Force (CTF) instituciones de referencia en la elaboración de recomendaciones de prevención en el contexto de la atención primaria (AP), y el National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Las recomendaciones sobre cribados de cáncer de la USPSTF se pueden consultar en el monográfico de 2014. La USPSTF actualmente está revisando las recomendaciones de cáncer de mama, cuello uterino, próstata y cáncer de piel5. Todas estas instituciones siguen o han adaptado la metodología propuesta por GRADE. Asimismo, se ha tenido en cuenta las directrices de la Estrategia de Cáncer del Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS), actualmente en proceso de revisión

Resultados en la cirugía por rotura del ligamento cruzado anterior en pacientes con edad pediátrica

Objectives: Describing the results ofthe trans-physeal surgical technique on anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and the appearance of eventual complications and setting the index of associated lesions from the initial diagnosis to surgery diagnosis.Methods: Retrospective study of patients under 18 intervened due to ACL injury with trans-physeal surgical technique between June 2010 and June 2018. Results: 39 patients were included, The average age was 14.7 years (9-17). Mean follow-up was 42 months (6-104) and average time until surgery was 10,7 months (1-48). Spearman correlation test associated positively (0.106) the increase in time to surgery and the increase in the number of associated injuries. There was 1 case of physeal bridge (2.5%) with lower limbs lenght discrepancy.Conclusion:Trans-physeal technique obtained good functional results with a low rate of complications at the end of follow-up in our serie. The increase in time to surgery was positively associated with the increase in associated injuries in the injured knee