Técnicas didácticas: método de caso clínico con la utilización de video como herramienta de apoyo en la enseñanza de la medicina

Teaching techniques: clinical case approach to the use of video as a tool to supportRESUMENLa enseñanza de las ciencias biomédicas o denominadas también básicas, en los programas de medicina de las Universidades de Colombia, es la base fundamental para el desarrollo continuo del razonamiento científico y clínico en los futuros profesionales facultativos para la evolución social y científica del país. La evaluación autónoma de la calidad interna, por parte de las instituciones educativas, se hace imprescindible para lograr, no sólo, la adquisición de conocimientos fácticos en forma significativa, sino también, la formación ética, estética y humanística de los estudiantes. La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las ciencias Biomédicas implican aspectos teóricos, metodológicos e investigativos, así como una reflexión constante sobre el quehacer pedagógico, lo que implica la interdisciplinaridad, la integración básicoclínica y, por extensión, la didáctica y la aplicación de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). En este escrito, se expone una experiencia pedagógica de tipo cualitativo fundamentada en Método de Caso Clínico (MdC), la cual se llevó a cabo dentro de la sección de Bioclínica de la Universidad El Bosque, se estructuró con el uso de TIC y se basó en un problema de impacto de morbilidad de Salud Pública para Colombia.Palabras clave: Aprendizaje, Ciencias Biomédicas, Didáctica, Enseñanza, Medicina, Método de casos (Estudio de casos), PedagogíaABSTRACTThe teaching of biomedical sciences or also called basic medical programs at the Universities of Colombia, is the fundamental basis for the continued development of scientific reasoning and clinical professionals in future physicians, and therefore to the social and scientific the country. Therefore, the independent evaluation of internal quality by educational institutions is essential to achieve not only the acquisition of factual knowledge significantly, but also the ethical, aesthetic and humanistic students. Teaching and learning science involves Biomedical theoretical, methodological and research and a constant reflection on the pedagogical practice, which involves interdisciplinary, basic clinical integration, and by extension the teaching and application of new Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In this paper, presents a qualitative learning experience based on Clinical Case Method (MdC), which was held in the section Bioclinic of the University El Bosque, and was structured with the use of TICS and which was based on a problem of impact of disease of public health for Colombia.Keywords: Case method (Case system), Biomedical science, Education, Learning, Medicine, Pedagogy, Teaching

Técnicas didácticas: método de caso clínico con la utilización de video como herramienta de apoyo en la enseñanza de la medicina

Teaching techniques: clinical case approach to the use of video as a tool to supportRESUMENLa enseñanza de las ciencias biomédicas o denominadas también básicas, en los programas de medicina de las Universidades de Colombia, es la base fundamental para el desarrollo continuo del razonamiento científico y clínico en los futuros profesionales facultativos para la evolución social y científica del país. La evaluación autónoma de la calidad interna, por parte de las instituciones educativas, se hace imprescindible para lograr, no sólo, la adquisición de conocimientos fácticos en forma significativa, sino también, la formación ética, estética y humanística de los estudiantes. La enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las ciencias Biomédicas implican aspectos teóricos, metodológicos e investigativos, así como una reflexión constante sobre el quehacer pedagógico, lo que implica la interdisciplinaridad, la integración básicoclínica y, por extensión, la didáctica y la aplicación de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). En este escrito, se expone una experiencia pedagógica de tipo cualitativo fundamentada en Método de Caso Clínico (MdC), la cual se llevó a cabo dentro de la sección de Bioclínica de la Universidad El Bosque, se estructuró con el uso de TIC y se basó en un problema de impacto de morbilidad de Salud Pública para Colombia.Palabras clave: Aprendizaje, Ciencias Biomédicas, Didáctica, Enseñanza, Medicina, Método de casos (Estudio de casos), PedagogíaABSTRACTThe teaching of biomedical sciences or also called basic medical programs at the Universities of Colombia, is the fundamental basis for the continued development of scientific reasoning and clinical professionals in future physicians, and therefore to the social and scientific the country. Therefore, the independent evaluation of internal quality by educational institutions is essential to achieve not only the acquisition of factual knowledge significantly, but also the ethical, aesthetic and humanistic students. Teaching and learning science involves Biomedical theoretical, methodological and research and a constant reflection on the pedagogical practice, which involves interdisciplinary, basic clinical integration, and by extension the teaching and application of new Information and Communication Technology (ICT). In this paper, presents a qualitative learning experience based on Clinical Case Method (MdC), which was held in the section Bioclinic of the University El Bosque, and was structured with the use of TICS and which was based on a problem of impact of disease of public health for Colombia.Keywords: Case method (Case system), Biomedical science, Education, Learning, Medicine, Pedagogy, Teaching

Challenges for ecolabeling growth: lessons from the EU Ecolabel in Spain

Purpose The European Ecolabel (EU Flower) has the mission to encourage cleaner production and influence consumers to promote Europe's transition to a circular economy. Nonetheless, little is known about EU Ecolabel evolution; it is not clear what the drivers that encourage its implementation are. Thus, this study aims to assess the growing acceptance of the EU Ecolabel in the European Union, and Spain more specifically, by examining product and service categories and geographical regions. Methods The methodological approach taken in this study is a mixed methodology based on the triangulation method by consulting the EU Ecolabel scheme database, EU Ecolabel delegates from some autonomous regions, and the academic literature. Also, a geographic analysis was run in the ArcGIS Software with data about the accumulation of licenses assigned in 2016. Results and discussion The analysis shows that most products in Spain that have been awarded the EU Ecolabel belong to the following categories: Do-It-Yourself Products (paint and varnish), Paper Products, Cleaning Up Products, and Electronic Equipment. At the same time, the study showed that this ecolabel faces significant obstacles in its diffusion, such as the competition with environmental labels launched previously in Europe and other regional labels. Conclusions The results of this study indicate the existence of five drivers that may encourage the implementation of EU Flower in a region: (1) public management, (2) communication strategy, (3) sustainable public procurement criteria, (4) local income per capita, and (5) international trade incentives. Finally, this study provides essential recommendations for policymakers to trigger ecolabeling practices such as the need to improve the understanding of the EU ecolabel impact in different levels of activity, which means countries, regions, industrial clusters, firms, and consumers. Also, this investigation identifies areas for further research, and it expresses the need to develop business case studies about ecolabeling with the objective to visualize this phenomenon as an eco-innovation process

Pervasive effects of a dominant foliar endophytic fungus on host genetic and phenotypic expression in a tropical tree

It is increasingly recognized that macro-organisms (corals, insects, plants, vertebrates) consist of both host tissues and multiple microbial symbionts that play essential roles in their host’s ecological and evolutionary success. Consequently, identifying benefits and costs of symbioses, as well as mechanisms underlying them are research priorities. All plants surveyed under natural conditions harbor foliar endophytic fungi (FEF) in their leaf tissues, often at high densities. Despite producing no visible effects on their hosts, experiments have nonetheless shown that FEF reduce pathogen and herbivore damage. Here, combining results from three genomic, and two physiological experiments, we demonstrate pervasive genetic and phenotypic effects of the apparently asymptomatic endophytes on their hosts. Specifically, inoculation of endophyte-free (E−) Theobroma cacao leaves with Colletotrichum tropicale (E+), the dominant FEF species in healthy T. cacao, induces consistent changes in the expression of hundreds of host genes, including many with known defensive functions. Further, E+ plants exhibited increased lignin and cellulose content, reduced maximum rates of photosynthesis (Amax), and enrichment of nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 isotopes. These phenotypic changes observed in E+ plants correspond to changes in expression of specific functional genes in related pathways. Moreover, a cacao gene (Tc00g04254) highly up-regulated by C. tropicale also confers resistance to pathogen damage in the absence of endophytes or their products in host tissues. Thus, the benefits of increased pathogen resistance in E+ plants are derived in part from up-regulation of intrinsic host defense responses, and appear to be offset by potential costs including reduced photosynthesis, altered host nitrogen metabolism, and endophyte heterotrophy of host tissues. Similar effects are likely in most plant-endophyte interactions, and should be recognized in the design and interpretation of genetic and phenotypic studies of plantsIt is increasingly recognized that macro-organisms (corals, insects, plants, vertebrates) consist of both host tissues and multiple microbial symbionts that play essential roles in their host’s ecological and evolutionary success. Consequently, identifying benefits and costs of symbioses, as well as mechanisms underlying them are research priorities. All plants surveyed under natural conditions harbor foliar endophytic fungi (FEF) in their leaf tissues, often at high densities. Despite producing no visible effects on their hosts, experiments have nonetheless shown that FEF reduce pathogen and herbivore damage. Here, combining results from three genomic, and two physiological experiments, we demonstrate pervasive genetic and phenotypic effects of the apparently asymptomatic endophytes on their hosts. Specifically, inoculation of endophyte-free (E−) Theobroma cacao leaves with Colletotrichum tropicale (E+), the dominant FEF species in healthy T. cacao, induces consistent changes in the expression of hundreds of host genes, including many with known defensive functions. Further, E+ plants exhibited increased lignin and cellulose content, reduced maximum rates of photosynthesis (Amax), and enrichment of nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 isotopes. These phenotypic changes observed in E+ plants correspond to changes in expression of specific functional genes in related pathways. Moreover, a cacao gene (Tc00g04254) highly up-regulated by C. tropicale also confers resistance to pathogen damage in the absence of endophytes or their products in host tissues. Thus, the benefits of increased pathogen resistance in E+ plants are derived in part from up-regulation of intrinsic host defense responses, and appear to be offset by potential costs including reduced photosynthesis, altered host nitrogen metabolism, and endophyte heterotrophy of host tissues. Similar effects are likely in most plant-endophyte interactions, and should be recognized in the design and interpretation of genetic and phenotypic studies of plant

Ancestry as a potential modifier of gene expression in breast tumors from Colombian women

Background Hispanic/Latino populations are a genetically admixed and heterogeneous group, with variable fractions of European, Indigenous American and African ancestries. The molecular profile of breast cancer has been widely described in non-Hispanic Whites but equivalent knowledge is lacking in Hispanic/Latinas. We have previously reported that the most prevalent breast cancer intrinsic subtype in Colombian women was Luminal B as defined by St. Gallen 2013 criteria. In this study we explored ancestry-associated differences in molecular profiles of Luminal B tumors among these highly admixed women. Methods We performed whole-transcriptome RNA-seq analysis in 42 Luminal tumors (21 Luminal A and 21 Luminal B) from Colombian women. Genetic ancestry was estimated from a panel of 80 ancestry-informative markers (AIM). We categorized patients according to Luminal subtype and to the proportion of European and Indigenous American ancestry and performed differential expression analysis comparing Luminal B against Luminal A tumors according to the assigned ancestry groups. Results We found 5 genes potentially modulated by genetic ancestry: ERBB2 (log2FC = 2.367, padj<0.01), GRB7 (log2FC = 2.327, padj<0.01), GSDMB (log2FC = 1.723, padj<0.01, MIEN1 (log2FC = 2.195, padj<0.01 and ONECUT2 (log2FC = 2.204, padj<0.01). In the replication set we found a statistical significant association between ERBB2 expression with Indigenous American ancestry (p = 0.02, B = 3.11). This association was not biased by the distribution of HER2+ tumors among the groups analyzed. Conclusions Our results suggest that genetic ancestry in Hispanic/Latina women might modify ERBB2 gene expression in Luminal tumors. Further analyses are needed to confirm these findings and explore their prognostic value.PLoS Journal

Formulación de encurtido a base de cidra sechium edule para la asociación de mujeres asmufare

La cidra Sechium edule es un vegetal con un alto valor nutricional y poco uso por parte de la población, siendo una especie doméstica introducida por culturas precolombinas de América central de fácil cultivo; esta materia prima puede ser empleada para la formulación de encurtido, el cual es un producto preparado con frutas, hortalizas y/o legumbres, cuya conservación se da de una acidificación del medio; este producto es una alternativa para la asociación de mujeres campesinas desplazadas -Asmufare-, que junto con sus familias están construyendo un nuevo sueño, un eco-asentamiento en medio de la ciudad de Armenia; por este motivo se decidió incluir la cidra en el eco asentamiento con el propósito de enfocarlo en una economía diferente, planteando diversas formulaciones con el propósito de estandarizar una serie de productos, entre estos está el encurtido. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación fue formular un encurtido a base de cidra Sechium edule como alternativa de negocio mediante la caracterización del producto y el análisis de mercado para la ciudad de Armenia Quindío. Se realizó la formulación y caracterización físico-química del producto cumpliendo con los estándares normativos, además del estudio de mercado para el municipio de Armenia. Los resultados de la caracterización físico-química del producto reportaron resultados adecuados para las variables de pH, porcentajes de cenizas, fibra y carbohidratos con valores de 3,49±0,06; 7,62±0,02; 1,41±0,02 y 3,4±0,00; respectivamente, cumpliendo con los estándares normativos de este tipo de producto; además de una aceptabilidad en el estudio de mercado de 80%. El producto formulado cumple con las características para este tipo de alimentos, con una aceptabilidad adecuada, siendo una alternativa potencial de comercialización para la asociación de mujeres -Asmufare- de la ciudad de Armenia

VOLUMEN 21, NÚMERO 36 (1999)

GEOQUÍMICA Y ORIGEN DE LOS DEPÓSITOS DE ESMERALDAS EN COLOMBIA. Gulliani, G., Cheilletz, A., Arboleda, C., Rueda, F., Carrillo, V., Sheppard, S.MÉTODOS DE ESTUDIO DE LOS MINERALES DEL GRUPO DE LA CLORITA. García Ramírez, C. A.EVOLUCIÓN DE SUBCUENCAS CENOZOICAS EN EL VALLE-CAUCA-PATÍA. Padilla Valle, L. E.ESTUDIO DE ORIENTACIÓN GEOQUÍMICA PARA LOCALIZACIÓN DE MINERALIZACIONESMETÁLICAS EN LA REGIÓN DE ANZÁ (ANT.). Ortiz, B. F.; Maya, E. J.; Mejía, F.MUSEO GEOLÓGICO “MARINO ARCE HERRERA”: UNA CONTRIBUCIÓN AL DESARROLLO DE LA ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS DE LA TIERRA. Ríos Reyes, C. A

Growth Hormone Improves Growth Retardation Induced by Rapamycin without Blocking Its Antiproliferative and Antiangiogenic Effects on Rat Growth Plate

Rapamycin, an immunosuppressant agent used in renal transplantation with antitumoral properties, has been reported to impair longitudinal growth in young individuals. As growth hormone (GH) can be used to treat growth retardation in transplanted children, we aimed this study to find out the effect of GH therapy in a model of young rat with growth retardation induced by rapamycin administration. Three groups of 4-week-old rats treated with vehicle (C), daily injections of rapamycin alone (RAPA) or in combination with GH (RGH) at pharmacological doses for 1 week were compared. GH treatment caused a 20% increase in both growth velocity and body length in RGH animals when compared with RAPA group. GH treatment did not increase circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor I, a systemic mediator of GH actions. Instead, GH promoted the maturation and hypertrophy of growth plate chondrocytes, an effect likely related to AKT and ERK1/2 mediated inactivation of GSK3β, increase of glycogen deposits and stabilization of β-catenin. Interestingly, GH did not interfere with the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities of rapamycin in the growth plate and did not cause changes in chondrocyte autophagy markers. In summary, these findings indicate that GH administration improves longitudinal growth in rapamycin-treated rats by specifically acting on the process of growth plate chondrocyte hypertrophy but not by counteracting the effects of rapamycin on proliferation and angiogenesis