Thermal Conduction in Systems out of Hydrostatic Equilibrium

We analyse the effects of thermal conduction in a relativistic fluid, just after its departure from hydrostatic equilibrium, on a time scale of the order of thermal relaxation time. It is obtained that the resulting evolution will critically depend on a parameter defined in terms of thermodynamic variables, which is constrained by causality requirements.Comment: 16 pages, emTex (LaTex 2.09). To appear in Classical and Quantum Gravit

Cluster investigation of mixed O76:H19 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and atypical enteropathogenic E. coli infection in a Spanish household

A Spanish household was identified through a Public Health follow up on a Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)-positive 14-month-old girl reporting bloody diarrhoea, with the four household members experiencing either symptomatic or asymptomatic STEC and/or atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (aEPEC) shedding. In total, two different O76:H19 STEC strains and six aEPEC strains belonging to multiple serotypes were isolated and characterized in the household during a 5-month period. Prolonged asymptomatic shedding of O76:H19 STEC and O51:H49 aEPEC was detected in two family members. Although there was no conclusive evidence, consumption of vegetables fertilized with sheep manure was the suspected source of infection. This study highlights the risk of cross-infections posed by prolonged asymptomatic carriage and close household contact between family members, and illustrates the importance of molecular epidemiology in understanding disease clusters.We thank José Manuel Luquin and Gemma Poignonfor facilitating the follow-up sampling of the house-hold members and relatives. We thank DanielEibach for critically reviewing the manuscript. Wealso thank Flemming Scheutz for conventional O:Hserotyping the strains. Sergio Sánchez acknowledgesthe Juan de la Cierva programme from theMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad for hisresearch contract. This study was supported by theMadrid Regional Government (P2009/AGR-1489)

First report of Tomato torrado virus on weed hosts in Spain

Alfaro Fernández, AO.; Córdoba-Sellés, C.; Cebrián, M.; Herrera-Vásquez, J.; Sanchez Navarro, JA.; Juárez, M.; Espino, A.... (2088). First report of Tomato torrado virus on weed hosts in Spain. Plant Disease. 92(5):831-831. https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-92-5-0831b83183192

Fracture experience among participants from the FROCAT study: what thresholding is appropriate using the FRAX tool?

ObjectiveTo perform an external validation of FRAX algorithm thresholds for reporting level of risk of fracture in Spanish women (low <5%; intermediate ?5% and <7.5%; high ?7.5%) taken from a prospective cohort “FRIDEX”.MethodsA retrospective study of 1090 women aged ?40 and ?90 years old obtained from the general population (FROCAT cohort). FRAX was calculated with data registered in 2002. All fractures were validated in 2012. Sensitivity analysis was performed.ResultsWhen analyzing the cohort (884) excluding current or past anti osteoporotic medication (AOM), using our nominated thresholds, among the 621 (70.2%) women at low risk of fracture, 5.2% [CI95%: 3.4–7.6] sustained a fragility fracture; among the 99 at intermediate risk, 12.1% [6.4–20.2]; and among the 164 defined as high risk, 15.9% [10.6–24.2]. Sensitivity analysis against model risk stratification FRIDEX of FRAX Spain shows no significant difference. By including 206 women with AOM, the sensitivity analysis shows no difference in the group of intermediate and high risk and minimal differences in the low risk group.ConclusionsOur findings support and validate the use of FRIDEX thresholds of FRAX when discussing the risk of fracture and the initiation of therapy with patients

Generation, establishment and characterization of a pluripotent stem cell line (CVTTHi001-A) from primary fibroblasts isolated from a patient with activated PI3 kinase delta syndrome (APDS2)

APDS2 is caused by mutations in PIK3R1 gene resulting in constitutive PI3Kδ activation. PI3Kδ is predominantly expressed in leukocytes and plays critical roles in regulating immune responses. Here we first derived fibroblast primary cells from a skin biopsy of a patient carrying a heterozygous single T deletion in intron 11 of the PIK3R1 gene. We next present the derivation of an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) line using a non-integrative reprogramming technology. Pluripotent-related hallmarks are further shown, including: iPSCs self-renewal and expression of pluripotent and differentiation markers after in vitro differentiation towards embryonic germ layers, assessed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence

A mid-infrared view of the inner parsecs of the Seyfert galaxy Mrk 1066 using CanariCam/GTC

We present mid-infrared (MIR) imaging and spectroscopic data of the Seyfert 2 galaxy Mrk 1066 obtained with CanariCam (CC) on the 10.4-m Gran Telescopio CANARIAS (GTC). The galaxy was observed in imaging mode with an angular resolution of 0.24 arcsec (54 pc) in the Si-2 filter (8.7 μm). The image reveals a series of star-forming knots within the central ∼400 pc, after subtracting the dominant active galactic nucleus (AGN) component. We also subtracted this AGN unresolved component from the 8–13 μm spectra of the knots and the nucleus, and measured equivalent widths (EWs) of the 11.3 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature which are typical of pure starburst galaxies. This EW is larger in the nucleus than in the knots, confirming that, at least in the case of Mrk 1066, the AGN dilutes, rather than destroys, the molecules responsible for the 11.3 μm PAH emission. By comparing the nuclear GTC/CC spectrum with the Spitzer/Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) spectrum of the galaxy, we find that the AGN component that dominates the continuum emission at λ < 15 μm on scales of ∼60 pc (90–100 per cent) decreases to 35–50 per cent when the emission of the central ∼830 pc is considered. On the other hand, the AGN contribution dominates the 15–25 μm emission (75 per cent) on the scales probed by Spitzer/IRS. We reproduced the nuclear infrared emission of the galaxy with clumpy torus models, and derived a torus gas mass of 2 × 10^5  M_⊙, contained in a clumpy structure of ∼2 pc radius and with a column density compatible with Mrk 1066 being a Compton-thick candidate, in agreement with X-ray observations. We find a good match between the MIR morphology of Mrk 1066 and the extended Paβ, Brγ and [O iii] λ5007 emission. This coincidence implies that the 8.7 μm emission is probing star formation, dust in the narrow-line region and the oval structure previously detected in the near-infrared. On the other hand, the Chandra soft X-ray morphology does not match any of the previous, contrary to what it is generally assumed for Seyfert galaxies. A thermal origin for the soft X-ray emission, rather than AGN photoionization, is suggested by the different data analysed here

Estudio de caso de sindrome neurologico asociado a astrocitoma

El astrocitoma es una neoplasia primaria del sistema nervioso central que se puede presentar en los animales; de las especies domésticas se ha observado con mayor frecuencia en los perros, de éstos, la edad y la raza son factores que influyen en su presentación, en estudios anteriores han descrito que el astrocitoma es una neoplasia que se presenta con mayor frecuencia en perros de características braquicefalicas, además que su malignidad depende de la localización y del carácter invasivo que presenta. Se presenta el estudio de caso de un paciente canino Labrador, macho de 6 años de edad, con un cuadro clínico neurológico de origen compresivo y obstructivo, derivado de una neoplasia intracraneala. Se documentó el caso a través del método clínico, basado en la historia clínica y la evolución del caso, imagenología e histopatología. Lo observado a través de las placas, correspondieron a una masa tumoral en la región ventral correspondiente al diencéfalo cuya localización se refiere adyacente a la estructura hipotalámica con efecto obstructivo y compresivo compatible con un astrocitoma; al estudio anatomopatológico se observo un tumor localizado adyacente al hipotálamo del cerebro; histológicamente el tumor se identifico como un astrocitoma gemistocítico

Ogle-2018-blg-0677lb: A super earth near the galactic bulge

We report the analysis of the microlensing event OGLE-2018-BLG-0677. A small feature in the light curve of the event leads to the discovery that the lens is a star-planet system. Although there are two degenerate solutions that could not be distinguished for this event, both lead to a similar planet-host mass ratio. We perform a Bayesian analysis based on a Galactic model to obtain the properties of the system and find that the planet corresponds to a super-Earth/sub-Neptune with a mass $M_{\mathrm{planet}} = {3.96}^{+5.88}_{-2.66}\mathrm{M_\oplus}$. The host star has a mass $M_{\mathrm{host}} = {0.12}^{+0.14}_{-0.08}\mathrm{M_\odot}$. The projected separation for the inner and outer solutions are ${0.63}^{+0.20}_{-0.17}$~AU and ${0.72}^{+0.23}_{-0.19}$~AU respectively. At $\Delta\chi^2=\chi^2({\rm 1L1S})-\chi^2({\rm 2L1S})=46$, this is by far the lowest $\Delta\chi^2$ for any securely-detected microlensing planet to date, a feature that is closely connected to the fact that it is detected primarily via a "dip" rather than a "bump".Comment: 15 page, 12 figures, Published in A

Superconducting density of states and band structure at the surface of the candidate topological superconductor Au2 Pb

The electronic band structure of Au2Pb has a Dirac cone which gaps when undergoing a structural transition into a low temperature superconducting phase. This suggests that the superconducting phase (Tc = 1.1 K) might hold topological properties at the surface. Here we make Scanning Tunneling Microscopy experiments on the surface of superconducting Au2Pb. We measure the superconducting gap and find a sizable superconducting density of states at the Fermi level. We discuss possible origins for this finding in terms of superconductivity induced into surface state