El fraseologismo "por momentos": principales valores semánticos y algunos apuntes diatópicos

En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis inductivo del fraseologismo (FR) por momentos basado en corpus que tiene por objeto (1) estudiar los significados más frecuentes de por momentos en España en relación con los del área de mayor frecuencia de uso (zona rioplatense) y (2) describir los elementos contextuales y los colocados verbales de por momentos en los dos significados más frecuentes. El objetivo último de nuestra investigación es llamar la atención sobre la coexistencia de dos valores fundamentales del FR por momentos: uno temporal distributivo (‘algunas veces, durante/en breves espacios de tiempo’), característico del español rioplatense, y otro modal (‘cada vez más, visible y rápidamente’), dominante en el español peninsular. Con ambos valores se aprecia una clara tendencia al empleo del FR en contextos de intensificación; además, el segundo muestra una connotación evidencial que se ve reforzada por elementos contextuales.In this paper we make an inductive corpus-based analysis of the Spanish idiom por momentos. The aim of the analysis is (1) to study the most common meaning of por momentos in Spain and in Río de la Plata, and (2) to describe the contextual elements and the verbal collocates with the two most common meanings of the idiom. The ultimate aim of our study is to draw attention to the coexistence of two fundamental meanings of por momentos: one of them is a temporal and distributive meaning (‘sometimes, in short periods of time’) and the other is a modal meaning (‘more and more, visibly, quickly’). The former is characteristic of Spanish in Río de la Plata while the latter is the most frequent in Spain. With the two meanings there is a clear tendency to use the idiom in the context of intensifi cation; moreover, the second has evidential connotation. This connotation is emphasized by numerous contextual elements

Rapid probe of the nicotine spectra by high-resolution rotational spectroscopy

Nicotine has been investigated in the gas phase and two conformational forms were characterized through their rotational spectra. Two spectroscopic techniques have been used to obtain the spectra: a new design of broadband Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy with an in-phase/quadrature- phase-modulation passage-acquired-coherence technique (IMPACT) and narrowband FTMW spectroscopy with coaxially oriented beam-resonator arrangement (COBRA). The rotational, centrifugal distortion and hyperfine quadrupole coupling constants of two conformers of nicotine have been determined and found to be in N-methyl trans configurations with the pyridine and pyrrolidine rings perpendicular to one another. The quadrupole hyperfine structure originated by two 14N nuclei has been completely resolved for both conformers and used for their unambiguous identification. © 2011 the Owner Societies

Habilidades del psicólogo en drogodependencias

Las habilidades del terapeuta constituyen un aspecto fundamental para la consecución de los distintos objetivos que al psicólogo se le plantean en el transcurso de su intervención con el usuario drogodependiente. En este articulo se presenta una revisión de las habilidades que los autores consideran imprescindibles, aportando ejemplos prácticos y con independencia de la orientación teórica del psicólogo. Las habilidades técnicas o profesionales se refieren a conocimientos teóricos y prácticos; el afltocontrol emocional, incluyendo tanto el afrontamiento ef caz por parte del psicólogo de ciertas situaciones ante el usuario, y especificamente si éste es un drogodelincuente, como el afrontamiento del burn out; y por último, las habilidades sociales, en las que se sustenta la interacción entre el psicólogo y el usuario, destacando la asertividad y la empatia. Finalmente se revisan distintos aspectos y principios generales referidos a la ética profesional en la práctica de la Psicologia Clínica

Applications of Direct Injection Soft Chemical Ionisation-Mass Spectrometry for the Detection of Pre-blast Smokeless Powder Organic Additives

Analysis of smokeless powders is of interest from forensics and security perspectives. This article reports the detection of smokeless powder organic additives (in their pre-detonation condition), namely the stabiliser diphenylamine and its derivatives 2-nitrodiphenylamine and 4-nitrodiphenylamine, and the additives (used both as stabilisers and plasticisers) methyl centralite and ethyl centralite, by means of swab sampling followed by thermal desorption and direct injection soft chemical ionisation-mass spectrometry. Investigations on the product ions resulting from the reactions of the reagent ions H3O+ and O2+ with additives as a function of reduced electric field are reported. The method was comprehensively evaluated in terms of linearity, sensitivity and precision. For H3O+, the limits of detection (LoD) are in the range of 41-88 pg of additive, for which the accuracy varied between 1.5 and 3.2%, precision varied between 3.7 and 7.3% and linearity showed R20.9991. For O2+, LoD are in the range of 72 to 1.4 ng, with an accuracy of between 2.8 and 4.9% and a precision between 4.5 and 8.6% and R20.9914. The validated methodology was applied to the analysis of commercial pre-blast gun powders from different manufacturers.(VLID)4826148Accepted versio