K-Nutrition growth bud formation and amine and hydroxycinnamic acid amide contents in leaf explants of nicotiana tabacum variety xanthi n.c cultivated in vitro

27 ref.International audienc

K-Nutrition growth bud formation and amine and hydroxycinnamic acid amide contents in leaf explants of nicotiana tabacum variety xanthi n.c cultivated in vitro

27 ref.International audienc

Encephalitogenicity of murine, but not bovine, DM20 in SJL mice is due to a single amino acid difference in the immunodominant encephalitogenic epitope

Myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) contains 2 immunodominant encephalitogenic epitopes in SJL mice, namely PLP residues 139-151 and 178-191. DM20, a minor isoform of PLP, lacks residues 116-150 and consequently contains only the single major encephalitogenic epitope 178-191. However, it has been found previously that bovine DM20 is not encephalitogenic in SJL mice. Since residue 188 within peptide 178-191 is phenylalanine (F) in murine DM20 and alanine (A) in bovine DM20, we tested the effect of this difference on the immune responses and induction of EAE. SJL mice were immunized with either highly purified murine or bovine DM20. Residues 178-191 were found to be immunodominant for each, but only murine and not bovine DM20 was encephalitogenic. A synthetic peptide corresponding to the murine 178-191 sequence (F188) was also encephalitogenic, whereas the peptide corresponding to the bovine sequence (A188) was not. Both F188 and A188 bind with high affinity to I-A(s) and both are recognized by the SJL T cell repertoire. A188-specific T cell lines reacted to both A188 and F188, but F188-specific T cell lines were not stimulated by A188. F188-specific T cell lines produced mRNA for the Th1 cytokines IL2 and IFN gamma and, in passive transfer experiments, were encephalitogenic upon stimulation with F188, but not A188. In contrast, A188-specific T cell lines produced mRNA for IL4, IL5 and IL10, in addition to IL2 and IFN gamma, and were not encephalitogenic after stimulation with either F188 or A188. Cotransfer of A188-specific T cell lines with F188-specific T cell lines resulted in protection from EAE. Thus, A188 induces a functionally different phenotype of T cells from that induced by F188. Taken together these data suggest that the failure of bovine DM20 to induce EAE may be attributable to induction of protective rather than pathogenic T cells by the immunodominant epitope

Lipophilic quaternary ammonium salt acts as a mucosal adjuvant when co-administered by the nasal route with vaccine antigens

Nasal administration of vaccines is an attractive approach which offers several significant advantages over traditional intramuscular vaccine delivery. These advantages include easier administration and induction of immune responses in the mucosal secretions of the body. In this study we describe a new potent nasal adjuvant, dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), that induces both mucosal and systemic immune responses when co-administered with diphtheria toxoid (DT), tetanus toxoid (TT) and BBG2Na antigens. In particular, we show that the nasal delivery of recombinant fragment (BBG2Na) of the G protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) mixed with DDA induces both local and systemic anti-RSV immune responses and protects against viral challenge. Furthermore, we provide evidence that the DDA+BBG2Na vaccine does not induce lung immunopathology upon subsequent RSV challenge