Washington’s Limited License Legal Technician Rule and Pathway to Expanded Access for Consumers

Washington’s 2012 adoption of a Limited License Legal Technician (LLLT) rule has been a topic of great interest throughout the United States and elsewhere. This Article is co-written by Steve Crossland, who is the Chair of the Washington Supreme Court’s Limited License Legal Technician Board, which is responsible for implementing the rule, and Paula Littlewood, who is the Executive Director of the Washington State Bar Association, which is the unified bar association charged, inter alia, with lawyer and LLLT regulation. This Article builds on the authors’ previous articles about Washington’s LLLT program by providing previously unpublished information about the LLLT program’s implementation and by offering reflections about the program that are informed by the authors’ five-year involvement with the rule (and multi-year involvement with the concept). This Article should prove useful to those interested in learning more about Washington’s rule and to jurisdictions that are considering whether and how to expand access to legal services to address the vast unmet legal needs and the anticipated shortage of lawyers in the future. There are rare moments in history when the opportunity and need for systemic change presents itself for an industry. The legal profession and legal education are at such a crossroads, and the question presented for the profession is what path they will take forward

An assessment of the economic feasibility of the floating PV technology in Aotearoa–New Zealand

Electricity generation from utility-scale solar facilities is projected to grow to between 5 and 16 TWh by 2050 in Aotearoa–New Zealand. The floating photovoltaic (FPV) technology is considered a viable option for the country, because of the good solar resource at existing hydropower schemes. This paper aims to inform the understanding of the economic feasibility of FPV systems through the analysis of specific cases – Maraetai Dam and Lake Tekapo. To do so, the solar resource and FPV outputs are obtained through the modelling of Solargis and using industry standard technical specification. As well as the normal uncertainties associated with (potential) FPV performance evaluations, the influence of water temperature is also considered. The overall FPV output is estimated to be between 1,115 and 1,497 kWh/kWp. Using available Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) costs, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) metric, for a 10 MW installation, is determined to be between NZ$176 and NZ$237 per MWh, with total electricity generation over 25 years between 263 and 353 GWh. In order to reach the required LCOE value of less than NZ$100/MWh for utility scale generation, the EPC costs will have to be reduced by a factor of 2 to around NZ$1,500/kWp

A comparison of the concept of God found in Paul Tillich, Alfred North Whitehead and Charles Hartshorne

This Thesis aims to compare and contrast the doctrines of God found within the writings of Paul Tillich, Alfred North Whitehead and Charles Hartshorne. Chapter one is concerned with an exposition of Tillich's concept of God while chapter two examines the process view and explains the divergence of Hartshorne from Whitehead. In chapter three I discuss general similarities of system structure and basic ideology between Tillich and Process but conclude that there are insurmountable difficulties in bringing the two systems into closer dialogue. The religious and philosophical similarities and differences are outlined and the judgement made that ultimately the difference is due to Tillich's insistence on symbolic language. I also argue in chapter three that while Tillich and Process cannot be brought together as systems they can benefit from one another at specific points. For example, Tillichs' insight into the phenomenological threat of non-being can be included in process to enrich its ability to address the human situation. In chapter four I analyse both Whiteheads' concept of Prehension and Tillichs' concept of participation and show how the latter can be clarified by reference to the former. I believe that Tillich uses participation to apply to different levels of relatedness from the mere 'having of relation' to the saving participation of the New Being. I conclude that if Prehension is used to interpret the basic levels of relationship then participation is free to be used for higher meanings only

The development of an automated sentence generator for the assessment of reading speed

Reading speed is an important outcome measure for many studies in neuroscience and psychology. Conventional reading speed tests have a limited corpus of sentences and usually require observers to read sentences aloud. Here we describe an automated sentence generator which can create over 100,000 unique sentences, scored using a true/false response. We propose that an estimate of the minimum exposure time required for observers to categorise the truth of such sentences is a good alternative to reading speed measures that guarantees comprehension of the printed material. Removing one word from the sentence reduces performance to chance, indicating minimal redundancy. Reading speed assessed using rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of these sentences is not statistically different from using MNREAD sentences. The automated sentence generator would be useful for measuring reading speed with button-press response (such as within MRI scanners) and for studies requiring many repeated measures of reading speed

Animal, Plant, Collagen and Blended Dietary Proteins: Effects on Musculoskeletal Outcomes

This is the final version. Available from MDPI via the DOI in this record.Dietary protein is critical for the maintenance of musculoskeletal health, whereappropriate intake (i.e., source, dose, timing) can mitigate declines in muscle and bone mass and/orfunction. Animal-derived protein is a potent anabolic source due to rapid digestion and absorptionkinetics stimulating robust increases in muscle protein synthesis and promoting bone accretion andmaintenance. However, global concerns surrounding environmental sustainability has led to anincreasing interest in plant- and collagen-derived protein as alternative or adjunct dietary sources.This is despite the lower anabolic profile of plant and collagen protein due to the inferior essentialamino acid profile (e.g., lower leucine content) and subordinate digestibility (versus animal). Thisreview evaluates the efficacy of animal-, plant- and collagen-derived proteins in isolation, and asprotein blends, for augmenting muscle and bone metabolism and health in the context of ageing,exercise and energy restriction.Medical Research Council (MRC)National Institute for Health Researc

Assessment of Electricity Decarbonization Scenarios for New Zealand and Great Britain using a Plant Dispatch and Electrical Energy Storage Modelling Framework

This paper proposes a methodology to assess the impact of alternative electricity generation and energy storage scenarios for meeting electricity demand on a national level. The method combines real and synthetic electricity generation and demand data to investigate different decarbonization strategies using solar and wind generation and electrical energy storage. This method is applied to provide relevant case studies for two geographically similar electricity systems in New Zealand and Great Britain. Newly available solar and wind data sets at hourly resolution are used within this method for these systems to assess the potential contribution of these technologies and as such, to refresh understanding of the impact of these technologies on decarbonization strategies against historical and future demand patterns. Although wind, solar and storage technologies are found to reduce the carbon emissions in both electricity systems, a key result is quantifying the impact this has on traditional generation as a backup resource. In New Zealand an investment in wind and solar equivalent to less than 15% of the wind/solar capacity in Great Britain is found to (i) reduce fossil fuel use to less than 2% of annual electricity generation requirements in the data assessed and (ii) remove the need for continuous operation of fossil fuel plants. Further, it is shown that existing hydro storage potential could be used to create near complete decarbonization of New Zealand electricity