CANDOR: The Antidote to Deny and Defend?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134840/1/hesr12626_am.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134840/2/hesr12626.pd

A qualitative study to explore factors that influence the vocabulary used by Cancer Nurse Specialists in a District General Hospital

There are 1.6 million people living with a diagnosis of cancer. A plethora of reports and studies have demonstrated that effective communication between health professionals and patients forms the foundation for caring for people with cancer. Effective communication has been shown to reduce levels of depression and anxiety, improve levels of self-esteem and well-being, reduce psychological morbidity and increase survival. Despite this there are ongoing concerns regarding the language used by health professions and the impacts on people with cancer. The literature search reveals there is research available concerning the language used by professionals and the effect upon people with cancer however there does not appear to be any research on factors that have influenced the vocabulary and language used. The sample population consists of 14 CNS’s across a range of cancer specialities. All 14 CNS’s were invited to participate; the eight respondents form the study sample. The setting is a DGH in the North West of England. Qualitative data was collected via digitally recorded semi-structured interviews using an interview guide. The recordings were transcribed verbatim and analysed using the framework of Cohen, Kahn and Steeves. Four broad themes representing four key factors that influence CNS’s vocabulary emerged; people with cancer, personal, process and publicity. Each of the four themes encompasses sub themes. ‘People with cancer’ includes the vocabulary of people with cancer, non-verbal language, narrative and the influence of relatives. The ‘personal experience’ of the CNS includes level of experience in the role, knowledge of speciality, confidence, personal experience of cancer, reflection and listening and learning. The third theme ‘process’ includes themes concerning consultants, stage of the patient journey, training courses, cancer type, environment, terminology, policy and team working. The fourth theme ‘publicity’ includes the influence media awareness, the internet and literature. The study reveals multiple factors influence the vocabulary CNS’s in a DGH use when communicating with people with cancer. The study provides new insight into how CNS’s form and choose their vocabulary in response to the stimuli and influences of the people they care for and work with. The findings reveal new data on the interaction and interconnectedness of the experience, knowledge and confidence of the CNS and how these factors influence vocabulary and communications with people with cancer

Whatever happened to Canadian big business?

This paper reappraises shifts in the composition of the largest Canadian-owned corporations. It highlights the patterns of size, industrial mix, and turnover across the twentieth-century. The logic of the turnover of the leading domestic firms is surveyed and the implications are explored

Biogeochemical Cycling of 99Tc in Alkaline Sediments

99Tc will be present in significant quantities in radioactive wastes including intermediate-level waste (ILW). The internationally favored concept for disposing of higher activity radioactive wastes including ILW is via deep geological disposal in an underground engineered facility located ∼200–1000 m deep. Typically, in the deep geological disposal environment, the subsurface will be saturated, cement will be used extensively as an engineering material, and iron will be ubiquitous. This means that understanding Tc biogeochemistry in high pH, cementitious environments is important to underpin safety case development. Here, alkaline sediment microcosms (pH 10) were incubated under anoxic conditions under “no added Fe(III)” and “with added Fe(III)” conditions (added as ferrihydrite) at three Tc concentrations (10–11, 10–6, and 10–4 mol L–1). In the 10–6 mol L–1 Tc experiments with no added Fe(III), ∼35% Tc(VII) removal occurred during bioreduction. Solvent extraction of the residual solution phase indicated that ∼75% of Tc was present as Tc(IV), potentially as colloids. In both biologically active and sterile control experiments with added Fe(III), Fe(II) formed during bioreduction and >90% Tc was removed from the solution, most likely due to abiotic reduction mediated by Fe(II). X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) showed that in bioreduced sediments, Tc was present as hydrous TcO2-like phases, with some evidence for an Fe association. When reduced sediments with added Fe(III) were air oxidized, there was a significant loss of Fe(II) over 1 month (∼50%), yet this was coupled to only modest Tc remobilization (∼25%). Here, XAS analysis suggested that with air oxidation, partial incorporation of Tc(IV) into newly forming Fe oxyhydr(oxide) minerals may be occurring. These data suggest that in Fe-rich, alkaline environments, biologically mediated processes may limit Tc mobility.Peer reviewe

Geochemistry and microbiology of tropical serpentine soils in the Santa Elena Ophiolite, a landscape-biogeographical approach

This is the final version. Available on open access from BMC via the DOI in this recordAvailability of data and materials: The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are available in https://doi.org/10.17632/w6cdt3sn99.4 with CC BY 4.0 license, in NCBI SRA (Sequence Read Archive; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/, under the project accession number: PRJNA606410) and within the article and its additional file.The Santa Elena Ophiolite is a well-studied ultramafic system in Costa Rica mainly comprised of peridotites. Here, tropical climatic conditions promote active laterite formation processes, but the biogeochemistry of the resulting serpentine soils is still poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the soil geochemical composition and microbial community of contrasting landscapes in the area, as the foundation to start exploring the biogeochemistry of metals occurring there. The soils were confirmed as Ni-rich serpentine soils but differed depending on their geographical location within the ophiolite area, showing three serpentine soil types. Weathering processes resulted in mountain soils rich in trace metals such as cobalt, manganese and nickel. The lowlands showed geochemical variations despite sharing similar landscapes: the inner ophiolite lowland soils were more like the surrounding mountain soils rather than the north lowland soils at the border of the ophiolite area, and within the same riparian basin, concentrations of trace metals were higher downstream towards the mangrove area. Microbial community composition reflected the differences in geochemical composition of soils and revealed potential geomicrobiological inputs to local metal biogeochemistry: iron redox cycling bacteria were more abundant in the mountain soils, while more manganese-oxidizing bacteria were found in the lowlands, with the highest relative abundance in the mangrove areas. The fundamental ecological associations recorded in the serpentine soils of the Santa Elena Peninsula, and its potential as a serpentinization endemism hotspot, demonstrate that is a model site to study the biogeochemistry, geomicrobiology and ecology of tropical serpentine areas.Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología y Telecomunicaciones (MICITT), Government of Costa RicaUniversidad de Costa RicaMICITTNatural Environment Research Council (NERC

Prevalence of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) by demographic, disease and sample characteristics in unresectable, stage III NSCLC (PACIFIC)

n/