The Internet's unexploited path diversity

The connectivity of the Internet at the Autonomous System level is influenced by the network operator policies implemented. These in turn impose a direction to the announcement of address advertisements and, consequently, to the paths that can be used to reach back such destinations. We propose to use directed graphs to properly represent how destinations propagate through the Internet and the number of arc-disjoint paths to quantify this network's path diversity. Moreover, in order to understand the effects that policies have on the connectivity of the Internet, numerical analyses of the resulting directed graphs were conducted. Results demonstrate that, even after policies have been applied, there is still path diversity which the Border Gateway Protocol cannot currently exploit.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Communications Letter

Condromatosis sinovial en localizaciones atípicas

La condromatosis sinovial es una metaplasia cartilaginosa del tejido sinovial de las articulaciones. Es una enfermedad de etiología desconocida y poco frecuente. Puede definirse como un proceso benigno sinovial caracterizado por la formación de nódulos cartilaginosos (cuerpos libres intraarticulares). Afecta principalmente a grandes articulaciones sinoviales, siendo la sintomatología predominante dolor e inflamación articular. El diagnóstico de presunción se basa en el estudio radiológico de la articulación. El tratamiento de elección es la extirpación completa de los cuerpos libres y de la sinovial afecta. Presentamos dos casos clínicos de CS situadas en localizaciones poco frecuentes: a nivel esternoclavicular y en la articulación temporomandibular, con la particularidad de esta última de presentar extensión a base de cráneo. Realizamos asimismo una revisión de los datos bibliográficos existentes sobre la CS.Synovial chondromatosis is a cartilaginous metaplasia of the synovial tissue of joints. It is an uncommon disease whose etiology is unknown. This benign synovial process involves the formation of cartilaginous nodules (loose bodies) in the synovium and within the articular space. Synovial chondromatosis mainly affects large synovial joints and the main symptoms are pain and swelling. Diagnosis can be made by panoramic radiograph, computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging of the joint. The main treatment includes complete removal of the loose bodies in conjunction with excision of the affected synovium. We report two cases of synovial chondromatosis located in an uncommon regions: in the esternoclavicular joint and in the temporomandibular joint. We also make a literature review about synovial chondromatosis

Spontaneous symmetry breaking as a resource for noncritically squeezed light

In the last years we have proposed the use of the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking with the purpose of generating perfect quadrature squeezing. Here we review previous work dealing with spatial (translational and rotational) symmetries, both on optical parametric oscillators and four-wave mixing cavities, as well as present new results. We then extend the phenomenon to the polarization state of the signal field, hence introducing spontaneous polarization symmetry breaking. Finally we propose a Jaynes-Cummings model in which the phenomenon can be investigated at the single-photon-pair level in a non-dissipative case, with the purpose of understanding it from a most fundamental point of view.Comment: Review for the proceedings of SPIE Photonics Europe. 11 pages, 5 figures

Factores de riesgo asociados a la desnutrición en menores de 5 años del Centro de Salud de Curundú agosto a octubre de 1999

Objetivo general: Determinar factores de riesgo asociados a la desnutrición en los niños menores de 5 años del Corregimiento de Curundú en los meses de agosto a octubre de 1999. Objetivos específicos: 1. Describir las características de los casos y controles según las variables del estudio 2. Identificar factores socioeconómicos asociados a la desnutrición. 3. Identificar factores biosicosociales asociados a la desnutrición. 4. Identificar factores ambientales asociados a la desnutrición. 5. Identificar factores relacionados con servicios de salud. 6. Estimar la fuerza de asociación de los presuntos factores de riesgo con la desnutrición

DISEÑO DE ESTRATEGIAS QUE PERMITAN DETERMINAR LA EXCELENCIA DEL SERVICIO AL CLIENTE PRESTADO POR PARTE DE LOS COLABORADORES DEL BANCO CAJA SOCIAL OFICINA SOLEDAD, DURANTE EL I SEMESTRE DEL AÑO 2013

The project entitled "Design strategies to determine the excellence of customer service provided by the staff of Banco Caja Social Soledad office, during the first half of 2013", was established due to the need to know whether customers office above, are satisfied with the care or service provided by the partners of this entity, if the products offered fill all your financial expectations. That is why the project is designed to determine if customers find a high degree of satisfaction with the service and the product that is being offered and whether Bank employees are complying with the rules and policies established in the state, aimed at providing excellent customer service. Databases will take to implement the CRM customer assets, and inactive users, generate a high level of brand recall among people who visit, in order to attract more customers and increasing our customer base office, to generate much more uptake and profitability. This project will benefit both customers and employees the Bank as to the extent that employees provide excellent customer service and meet their financial needs more investment and business opportunities, getting mutual benefit.El proyecto titulado ― Diseño de estrategias que permitan determinar la excelencia del Servicio al Cliente prestado por parte de los colaboradores del Banco Caja Social oficina Soledad, durante el I semestre del año 2013‖, se estableció debido a la necesidad de conocer si los clientes de la oficina antes mencionada, se encuentran satisfechos con la atención o el servicio prestado por parte de los colaboradores de esta entidad, si los productos ofrecidos llenan todas sus expectativas financieras. Por ello es que el proyecto va encaminado a determinar si los clientes encuentran un alto grado de satisfacción en el servicio y el producto que se le está ofreciendo y si los colaboradores del Banco están cumpliendo con las normas y políticas establecidas en la entidad, encaminada a brindar un excelente Servicio al Cliente. Tomaremos bases de datos para implementar el CRM de los clientes activos, inactivos y usuarios, generar un alto nivel de recordación de la marca entre las personas que lo visitan, con el fin de atraer la mayor cantidad de clientes y aumentando los clientes Base de nuestra oficina, con el fin de generar mucha más captación y rentabilidad. 5 Con este proyecto se beneficiaran tanto clientes como los empleados el Banco, ya que en la medida en que los colaboradores presten un excelente servicio y los clientes satisfagan sus necesidades financieras aumentaran las inversiones y oportunidades de negocio, recibiendo un mutuo beneficio

Theory of quantum fluctuations of optical dissipative structures and its application to the squeezing properties of bright cavity solitons

We present a method for the study of quantum fluctuations of dissipative structures forming in nonlinear optical cavities, which we illustrate in the case of a degenerate, type I optical parametric oscillator. The method consists in (i) taking into account explicitly, through a collective variable description, the drift of the dissipative structure caused by the quantum noise, and (ii) expanding the remaining -internal- fluctuations in the biorthonormal basis associated to the linear operator governing the evolution of fluctuations in the linearized Langevin equations. We obtain general expressions for the squeezing and intensity fluctuations spectra. Then we theoretically study the squeezing properties of a special dissipative structure, namely, the bright cavity soliton. After reviewing our previous result that in the linear approximation there is a perfectly squeezed mode irrespectively of the values of the system parameters, we consider squeezing at the bifurcation points, and the squeezing detection with a plane--wave local oscillator field, taking also into account the effect of the detector size on the level of detectable squeezing.Comment: 10 figure