Intermediate band solar energy conversion in ZnTeO

Energy conversion in solar cells incorporating ZnTeO base layers is presented. The ZnTeO base layers incorporate intermediate electronic states located approximately 0.4eV below the conduction band edge as a result of the substitution of O in Te sites in the ZnTe lattice. Cells with ZnTeO base layers demonstrate optical response at energies lower than the ZnTe bandedge, a feature that is absent in reference cells with ZnTe base layers. Quantum efficiency is significantly improved with the incorporation of ZnSe emitter/window layers and transition from growth on GaAs substrates to GaSb substrates with a near lattice match to ZnTe

Intermediate Band to Conduction Band optical absorption in ZnTe:O

ZnTe doped with high concentrations of oxygen has been proposed in previous works as intermediate band (IB) material for photovoltaic applications. The existence of extra optical transitions related to the presence of an IB has already been demonstrated in this material and it has been possible to measure the absorption coefficient of the transitions from the valence band (VB) to the IB. In this work we present the first measurement of the absorption coefficient associated to transitions from the IB to the conduction band (CB) in ZnTe:O. The samples used are 4 ?m thick ZnTe layers with or without O in a concentration ~ 1019 cm-3, which have been grown on semi-insulating GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The IB-CB absorption coefficient peaks for photon energies ~ 0.4 eV. It is extracted from reflectance and transmittance spectra measured using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Under typical FTIR measurement conditions (low light intensity, broadband spectrum) the absorption coefficient in IB-to-CB transitions reaches 700 cm-1. This is much weaker than the one observed for VB-IB absorption. This result is consistent with the fact that the IB is expected to be nearly empty of electrons under equilibrium conditions in ZnTe(:O). The absorption for VB to IB transitions is also observed in the same samples through reflectance measurements performed in the visible range using a monochromator. These measurements are compared with the quantum efficiency (QE) from solar cells fabricated under similar conditions

Intermediate band to conduction band optical absorption in ZnTeO

ZnTe doped with high concentrations of oxygen has been proposed in previous works as an intermediate band (IB) material for photovoltaic applications. The existence of extra optical transitions related to the presence of an IB has already been demonstrated in this material and it has been possible to measure the absorption coefficient of the transitions from the valence band (VB) to the IB. In this study, we present the first measurement of the absorption coefficient associated with transitions from the IB to the conduction band (CB) in ZnTeO. The samples used are 4-mum-thick ZnTe layers with or without O in a concentration ~10 19 cm -3, which have been grown on semiinsulating GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The IB-CB absorption coefficient peaks for photon energies ~0.4 eV. It is extracted from reflectance and transmittance spectra measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Under typical FTIR measurement conditions (low light intensity, broadband spectrum), the absorption coefficient in IB-to-CB transitions reaches 700 cm -1. This is much weaker than the one observed for VB-IB absorption. This result is consistent with the fact that the IB is expected to be nearly empty of electrons under equilibrium conditions in ZnTe(O)

DIMENSIONES, RASGOS Y RELACIONES DEL LÍDER Y SU GRUPO: LIDERAZGO VERSUS AUTONOMÍA

The current times lead to see the boss like an equal, inclusive to criticize it and challenge it. In last years the boss had support and respect and saw you like a superior; now the boss should have the ability in order to manage situations and try to their “employees” appropriately in order to earn their obedience and loyalty so, this is a merit that could only obtain the one that it is leader. We in this article are going to attempt make a brief journey for the different dimension and types of leadership, the common personnels that characterize a leader and the relationships between the leader and their group.Los tiempos actuales llevan a ver al jefe como un igual, inclusive a criticarlo y desafiarlo. En años pasados el jefe contaba con apoyo y respeto y se le veía como un superior; ahora el jefe debe contar con la habilidad para manejar situaciones y tratar a sus “empleados” adecuadamente para ganarse así su obediencia y lealtad, éste es un mérito que sólo puede obtener el que es líder. En este artículo vamos a intentar hacer un breve recorrido por las distintas dimensiones y tipos de liderazgo, los rasgos personales que caracterizan a un líder y las relaciones entre el líder y su grupo

DNA copy number variation associated with anti-tumour necrosis factor drug response and paradoxical psoriasiform reactions in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis

Biological drugs targeting tumour necrosis factor are effective for psoriasis. However, 30–50% of patients do not respond to these drugs and may even develop paradoxical psoriasiform reactions. This study search-ed for DNA copy number variations that could predict anti-tumour necrotic factor drug response or the ap-pearance of anti-tumour necrotic factor induced pso-riasiform reactions. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 70 patients with anti-tumour necrotic factor drug-treated moderate-to-severe plaque pso-riasis. Samples were analysed with an Illumina 450K methylation microarray. Copy number variations were obtained from raw methylation data using conumee and Chip Analysis Methylation Pipeline (ChAMP) R packa-ges. One copy number variation was found, harbouring one gene (CPM) that was significantly associated with adalimumab response (Bonferroni-adjusted p-value < 0.05). Moreover, one copy number variation was identified harbouring 3 genes (ARNT2, LOC101929586 and MIR5572) related to the development of paradoxical psoriasiform reactions. In conclusion, this study has identified DNA copy number variations that could be good candidate markers to predict response to ada-limumab and the development of anti-tumour necrotic factor paradoxical psoriasiform reactions.This study was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI 13/01598 and the Ministry of Science and Innovation and the European Regional Development’s funds (FEDER). Conflicts of interest. FA-S has been a consultant or investigator in clinical trials sponsored by the following pharmaceutical companies: Abbott, Alter, Chemo, Farmalíder, Ferrer, GlaxoSmithKline, Gilead, Janssen-Cilag, Kern, Normon, Novartis, Servier, Teva, and Zambon. ED has potential conflicts of interest (advisory board member, consultant, grants, research support, participation in clinical trials, honoraria for speaking, and research support) with the following pharmaceutical companies: AbbVie (Abbott), Amgen, Janssen-Cilag, Leo Pharma, Novartis, Pfizer, MSD, Lilly and Celgene. ML-V has potential conflicts of interest as she has participated in clinical trials or as consultant with Abbvie (Abbott), Galderma, Janssen-Cilag, Leo Pharma, Pfizer, Novarties, Lilly, Almirall and Celgene. MCO-B has potential conflicts of interest (honoraria for speaking and research support) with Janssen-Cilag and Leo Pharma. The other authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. AS-T has served as a consultant and/or paid speaker for and/or participated in clinical trials sponsored by companies that manufacture drugs used for the treatment of psoriasis, including AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen-Cilag, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novartis and Pfizer. RB-E has served as a consultant and/or paid speaker for and/or participated in clinical trials sponsored by companies that manufacture drugs used for the treatment of psoriasis, including AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen-Cilag, LEO Pharma, Lilly, Novartis and Pfizer

The Campo de Dalias GNSS Network Unveils the Interaction between Roll-Back and Indentation Tectonics in the Gibraltar Arc

The Gibraltar Arc includes the Betic and Rif Cordilleras surrounding the Alboran Sea; it is formed at the northwest–southeast Eurasia–Nubia convergent plate boundary in the westernmost Mediterranean. Since 2006, the Campo de Dalias GNSS network has monitored active tectonic deformation of the most seismically active area on the north coast of the Alboran Sea. Our results show that the residual deformation rates with respect to Eurasia range from 1.7 to 3.0 mm/year; roughly homogenous west-southwestward displacements of the northern sites occur, while the southern sites evidence irregular displacements towards the west and northwest. This deformation pattern supports simultaneous east-northeast–west-southwest extension, accommodated by normal and oblique faults, and north-northwest–south-southeast shortening that develops east-northeast–west-southwest folds. Moreover, the GNSS results point to dextral creep of the main northwest–southeast Balanegra Fault. These GNNS results thus reveal, for the first time, present-day interaction of the roll-back tectonics of the Rif–Gibraltar–Betic slab in the western part of the Gibraltar Arc with the indentation tectonics affecting the eastern and southern areas, providing new insights for improving tectonic models of arcuate orogens.Junta de Andalucia; European Regional Development Fund; grant numbers: AGORA P18-RT-3275, PAPEL B-RNM-301-UGR18. Programa Operativo FEDER-Andalucia 2014–2020 Project ref. 1263446; University of Jaén; CEACTEMA; grant number: POAIUJA 21/22. Junta de Andalucía (Andalusian Board); grant numbers: RNM-148, RNM-282, RNM-370. V.T.S. was supported by the FPU PhD grant (16/04038)

Disinfection of cuttings and of soil with eucalyptus oil on Peruvian carrot yield

Foi estudado o efeito do óleo de eucalipto na desinfecção de mudas e do solo sobre a produção e no controle de doenças durante o ciclo de cultivo da mandioquinha-salsa ‘Amarela de Carandaí’. Os tratamentos originaram-se do fatorial 2 (sem-MS e com-MC desinfecção das mudas em solução aquosa com 1% do óleo, por 35”) x 3 (sem- SSPOE e com-SCPOE pulverização do solo, antes ou depois do plantio, com solução aquosa com 2% do óleo). Foram realizadas colheitas das plantas aos 224 e 266 dias após o plantio-DAP. As massas frescas de folhas, rebentos e coroas foram semelhantes estatisticamente dentre as MS mas, dentro das MC, os maiores valores corresponderam às plantadas em SCPOE. As maiores produções de raízes comerciais aos 224DAP (5,94 e 6,90 t ha-1) e aos 266DAP (7,07 e 7,47 t ha-1) foram dos tratamentos onde as MS e MC foram plantadas em SCPOE antes do plantio. Foram observados sintomas de queima das folhas (associação de Alternaria sp. e de Septoria sp.) e de podridões das coroas e dos rebentos (Sclerotium sp.). Concluiu-se que, para se obter maior produção de raízes comerciais da mandioquinha-salsa, usando mudas desinfetadas ou não, deve-se pulverizar óleo de eucalipto no solo antes do plantio, embora sem esperar efeito sobre doenças foliares e podridões de final de ciclo.The effect of eucalyptus oil as disinfectant of cuttings and of soil on yield and disease control during cultivation cycle of ‘Amarela de Carandaí’ Peruvian carrot, was studied. Treatments were originated from 2 (without-MS and with MC disinfection of cuttings in aqueous solution with 1% of oil, for 35”) x 3 (without-SSPOE and with-SCPOE sprinkling on the soil, before and after planting, with aqueous solution with 2% of oil) factorial scheme. Harvests were done on 224 and 266 days after planting-DAP. Fresh masses of leaves, shoots and crowns were similar statistically among MS but, among MC, the highest values corresponded to those planted in SCPOE. The highest yields of commercial roots on 224DAP (5.94 and 6.90 t ha-1) and 266DAP (7.07 and 7.47 t ha-1) were from treatments where MS and MC were planted in SCPOE before planting. Symptoms of burning leaves (association of Alternaria sp and of Septoria sp) and of rot of crows and shoots (Sclerotium sp) were observed. It was concluded that, in order to obtaining a greater yield of commercial roots of Peruvian carrot, using cuttings that were disinfected or not, eucalyptus oil must be sprinkled on soil before planting, although without waiting effects on foliar diseases and rots at the final of the cycle.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale

Acoustic scale from the angular power spectra of SDSS-III DR8 photometric luminous galaxies

We measure the acoustic scale from the angular power spectra of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) Data Release 8 imaging catalog that includes 872,921 galaxies over ~ 10,000 deg^2 between 0.45<z<0.65. The extensive spectroscopic training set of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) luminous galaxies allows precise estimates of the true redshift distributions of galaxies in our imaging catalog. Utilizing the redshift distribution information, we build templates and fit to the power spectra of the data, which are measured in our companion paper, Ho et al. 2011, to derive the location of Baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) while marginalizing over many free parameters to exclude nearly all of the non-BAO signal. We derive the ratio of the angular diameter distance to the sound horizon scale D_A/r_s= 9.212 + 0.416 -0.404 at z=0.54, and therefore, D_A= 1411+- 65 Mpc at z=0.54; the result is fairly independent of assumptions on the underlying cosmology. Our measurement of angular diameter distance D_A is 1.4 \sigma higher than what is expected for the concordance LCDM (Komatsu et al. 2011), in accordance to the trend of other spectroscopic BAO measurements for z >~ 0.35. We report constraints on cosmological parameters from our measurement in combination with the WMAP7 data and the previous spectroscopic BAO measurements of SDSS (Percival et al. 2010) and WiggleZ (Blake et al. 2011). We refer to our companion papers (Ho et al. 2011; de Putter et al. 2011) for investigations on information of the full power spectrum.Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables, submitted to Ap

Disinfection of cuttings and of soil with eucalyptus oil on Peruvian carrot yield

Foi estudado o efeito do óleo de eucalipto na desinfecção de mudas e do solo sobre a produção e no controle de doenças durante o ciclo de cultivo da mandioquinha-salsa ‘Amarela de Carandaí’. Os tratamentos originaram-se do fatorial 2 (sem-MS e com-MC desinfecção das mudas em solução aquosa com 1% do óleo, por 35”) x 3 (sem- SSPOE e com-SCPOE pulverização do solo, antes ou depois do plantio, com solução aquosa com 2% do óleo). Foram realizadas colheitas das plantas aos 224 e 266 dias após o plantio-DAP. As massas frescas de folhas, rebentos e coroas foram semelhantes estatisticamente dentre as MS mas, dentro das MC, os maiores valores corresponderam às plantadas em SCPOE. As maiores produções de raízes comerciais aos 224DAP (5,94 e 6,90 t ha-1) e aos 266DAP (7,07 e 7,47 t ha-1) foram dos tratamentos onde as MS e MC foram plantadas em SCPOE antes do plantio. Foram observados sintomas de queima das folhas (associação de Alternaria sp. e de Septoria sp.) e de podridões das coroas e dos rebentos (Sclerotium sp.). Concluiu-se que, para se obter maior produção de raízes comerciais da mandioquinha-salsa, usando mudas desinfetadas ou não, deve-se pulverizar óleo de eucalipto no solo antes do plantio, embora sem esperar efeito sobre doenças foliares e podridões de final de ciclo.The effect of eucalyptus oil as disinfectant of cuttings and of soil on yield and disease control during cultivation cycle of ‘Amarela de Carandaí’ Peruvian carrot, was studied. Treatments were originated from 2 (without-MS and with MC disinfection of cuttings in aqueous solution with 1% of oil, for 35”) x 3 (without-SSPOE and with-SCPOE sprinkling on the soil, before and after planting, with aqueous solution with 2% of oil) factorial scheme. Harvests were done on 224 and 266 days after planting-DAP. Fresh masses of leaves, shoots and crowns were similar statistically among MS but, among MC, the highest values corresponded to those planted in SCPOE. The highest yields of commercial roots on 224DAP (5.94 and 6.90 t ha-1) and 266DAP (7.07 and 7.47 t ha-1) were from treatments where MS and MC were planted in SCPOE before planting. Symptoms of burning leaves (association of Alternaria sp and of Septoria sp) and of rot of crows and shoots (Sclerotium sp) were observed. It was concluded that, in order to obtaining a greater yield of commercial roots of Peruvian carrot, using cuttings that were disinfected or not, eucalyptus oil must be sprinkled on soil before planting, although without waiting effects on foliar diseases and rots at the final of the cycle.Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestale