Sin palabras: génesis y desarrollos de los estudios sobre la comunicación no verbal

Since its beginnings almost seventy years ago, nonverbal communication studies (NVC) have been developed mainly from the contributions of the fields of psychology and anthropology. In this sense, the NVC has devoted itself to the description of those events of human communication that transcend words spoken or written. The present article proposes to carry out a tour of the main contributions in the field of NVC, from the initial development of the kinesthetic, the proxemics and the paralinguistics to the investigations in micromovements. Likewise, there is a need to study the NVC from the perspective of social communication, a discipline that has been largely absent in studies of the subject.  Desde sus inicios hace casi setenta años los estudios de comunicación no verbal (CNV) se han desarrollado principalmente a partir de los aportes de los campos de la psicología y la antropología. En este sentido, la CNV se ha abocado a la descripción de  aquellos acontecimientos de la comunicación humana que trascienden las palabras dichas o escritas. El presente artículo se propone realizar un recorrido por los principales aportes en materia de CNV, desde el desarrollo inicial de la kinésica, la proxémica y la paralingüística hasta las investigaciones en micromovimientos. Asimismo, se plantea la necesidad de estudiar la CNV desde la perspectiva de la comunicación social, disciplina que ha estado en gran medida ausente en los estudios de la materia.          Desde seus primórdios, há quase setenta anos, os estudos de comunicação não-verbal (CNV) foram desenvolvidos principalmente a partir das contribuições dos campos da psicologia e da antropologia. Nesse sentido, a CNV se dedicou à descrição dos eventos da comunicação humana que transcendem as palavras faladas ou escritas. O presente artigo propõe-se a percorrer as principais contribuições no campo da CNV, desde o desenvolvimento inicial da cinética, da proxêmica e da paralinguística até as investigações em micromovimentos. Da mesma forma, existe a necessidade de estudar a CNV a partir da perspectiva da comunicação social, uma disciplina que tem sido amplamente ausente nos estudos sobre o assunto.&nbsp

Without words: genesis and developments of the studies on non-verbal communication

Desde sus inicios hace casi setenta años los estudios de comunicación no verbal (CNV) se han desarrollado principalmente a partir de los aportes de los campos de la psicología y la antropología. En este sentido, la CNV se ha abocado a la descripción de aquellos acontecimientos de la comunicación humana que trascienden las palabras dichas o escritas. El presente artículo se propone realizar un recorrido por los principales aportes en materia de CNV, desde el desarrollo inicial de la kinésica, la proxémica y la paralingüística hasta las investigaciones en micromovimientos. Asimismo, se plantea la necesidad de estudiar la CNV desde la perspectiva de la comunicación social, disciplina que ha estado en gran medida ausente en los estudios de la materia.Since its beginnings almost seventy years ago, nonverbal communication studies (NVC) have been developed mainly from the contributions of the fields of psychology and anthropology. In this sense, the NVC has devoted itself to the description of those events of human communication that transcend words spoken or written. The present article proposes to carry out a tour of the main contributions in the field of NVC, from the initial development of the kinesthetic, the proxemics and the paralinguistics to the investigations in micromovements. Likewise, there is a need to study the NVC from the perspective of social communication, a discipline that has been largely absent in studies of the subject.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Without words: genesis and developments of the studies on non-verbal communication

Desde sus inicios hace casi setenta años los estudios de comunicación no verbal (CNV) se han desarrollado principalmente a partir de los aportes de los campos de la psicología y la antropología. En este sentido, la CNV se ha abocado a la descripción de aquellos acontecimientos de la comunicación humana que trascienden las palabras dichas o escritas. El presente artículo se propone realizar un recorrido por los principales aportes en materia de CNV, desde el desarrollo inicial de la kinésica, la proxémica y la paralingüística hasta las investigaciones en micromovimientos. Asimismo, se plantea la necesidad de estudiar la CNV desde la perspectiva de la comunicación social, disciplina que ha estado en gran medida ausente en los estudios de la materia.Since its beginnings almost seventy years ago, nonverbal communication studies (NVC) have been developed mainly from the contributions of the fields of psychology and anthropology. In this sense, the NVC has devoted itself to the description of those events of human communication that transcend words spoken or written. The present article proposes to carry out a tour of the main contributions in the field of NVC, from the initial development of the kinesthetic, the proxemics and the paralinguistics to the investigations in micromovements. Likewise, there is a need to study the NVC from the perspective of social communication, a discipline that has been largely absent in studies of the subject.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Without words: genesis and developments of the studies on non-verbal communication

Desde sus inicios hace casi setenta años los estudios de comunicación no verbal (CNV) se han desarrollado principalmente a partir de los aportes de los campos de la psicología y la antropología. En este sentido, la CNV se ha abocado a la descripción de aquellos acontecimientos de la comunicación humana que trascienden las palabras dichas o escritas. El presente artículo se propone realizar un recorrido por los principales aportes en materia de CNV, desde el desarrollo inicial de la kinésica, la proxémica y la paralingüística hasta las investigaciones en micromovimientos. Asimismo, se plantea la necesidad de estudiar la CNV desde la perspectiva de la comunicación social, disciplina que ha estado en gran medida ausente en los estudios de la materia.Since its beginnings almost seventy years ago, nonverbal communication studies (NVC) have been developed mainly from the contributions of the fields of psychology and anthropology. In this sense, the NVC has devoted itself to the description of those events of human communication that transcend words spoken or written. The present article proposes to carry out a tour of the main contributions in the field of NVC, from the initial development of the kinesthetic, the proxemics and the paralinguistics to the investigations in micromovements. Likewise, there is a need to study the NVC from the perspective of social communication, a discipline that has been largely absent in studies of the subject.Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Assessment of validity and comparison of two spanish versions of the geriatric depression scale

Introduction: The Geriatric Depression Scale is an instrument used to identify depression in people of an older age. The original English version of this scale has been translated into Spanish (GDS-VE); two shorter versions of 5- (GDS-5) and 15-items (GDS-15) have been developed. Aim of the study: To assess the validity and compare the 5- and 15-item Spanish versions of the GDS among the Spanish population. Materials and methods: 573 Galicia residents aged >50 years participated in this study. The following instruments were applied: the 19-item Control, Autonomy, Self- Realization and Pleasure scale, the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire, the Mini-Mental State Examination test, the GDS-5, and the GDS-15. Results: We found differences in total score between GDS-5 and GDS-15 regarding the variable sex. Internal reliability for GDS-5 and GDS-15 was 0.495 and 0.715, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for GDS-5 – with a cut-off value of 1 – was 0.517 and 0.650, respectively; for GDS-15 – with a cut-off value of 3 points – sensitivity was 0.755 and specificity 0.668. GDS-5 has a ROC curve of 0.617 and GDS-15 of 0.764. Conclusion: GDS-15, and to a greater extent GDS-5, should be revised or even reformulated to improve their diagnostic usefulness by choosing higher discriminative ability items or even include new items with greater sensitivity that consider currently prevailing psychosocial factorsThis work was supported by Grant PID2020-115137RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033S

Intra and intersession repeatability and reliability of dynamic parameters in pressure platform assessments on subjects with simulated leg length discrepancy. A cross-sectional research

[Abstract] BACKGROUND: Leg length discrepancy (LLD) may play a key role in exercise biomechanics. Although the Podoprint platform has been used in dynamic pressure studies, there are no data regarding the reliability and repeatability of dynamic measurements under simulated LLD conditions. OBJECTIVES: To determine the intra and intersession repeatability and reliability of dynamic parameters of the Podoprint pressure platform under simulated LLD conditions. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational cross-sectional study at a public university. METHODS: Thirty-seven healthy volunteers participated in this study. LLD was simulated using ethyl vinyl acetate plantar lifts with heights of 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm and 20 mm located under the right shoe of each volunteer. The procedure was performed to capture the dynamic parameters of each participant under five different simulated LLD conditions. Stance time, mean pressure and peak pressure measurements were registered in three trials for each foot and each LLD level. Data were collected during two separate testing sessions, in order to establish intrasession and intersession reliability. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intrasession reliability ranged from 0.775 to 0.983 in the first session and from 0.860 to 0.985 in the second session. The ICCs for intersession reliability ranged from 0.909 to 0.990. Bland-Altman plots showed absence of systematic measurement errors. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study indicate that the Podoprint platform is a reliable system for assessing dynamic parameters under simulated LLD conditions. Future studies should evaluate plantar pressures under LLD conditions, in association with exercise, biomechanics and musculoskeletal disorders

The Effect of Simulated Leg-Length Discrepancy on the Dynamic Parameters of the Feet during Gait-Cross-Sectional Research

Background: The effect of Leg-Length Discrepancy (LLD) on dynamic gait parameters has been extensively discussed. Podobarography is the study of foot-to-ground pressure distribution. It has been used to test plantar footprint deviations that could reveal pathology. Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the effects of simulated LLD on dynamic gait parameters measured with a pressure platform in healthy subjects. Methods: Thirty-seven healthy subjects participated in observational cross-sectional research. A procedure was performed to capture the dynamic parameters of each participant under five different simulated LLD conditions. Support time, mean pressure, and peak pressure measures were registered on three trials for each foot and LLD level per session. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) test for repeated measures was performed to check for differences between the different simulated LLD levels. Results: The stance time of the short leg had no significant changes. The stance time of the long leg increased by 3.51% (p < 0.001), mean pressure of the short leg increased by 1.23% (p = 0.005), and decreased by 5.89% in the long leg (p < 0.001). Peak pressure of the short leg decreased by 2.58% (p = 0.031) and the long leg decreased by 12.11% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that increasing LLD causes an asymmetrical foot-loading pattern, with decreased mean and peak pressure on the longer limb, and consequently an overload on the short side. Furthermore, an increasing LLD causes increased stance time on the long leg

Cyclic flexural fatigue resistance of NiTi Controlled Memory and Blue Technology instruments after torsional preloading

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of torsional preloading on the cyclic flexural fatigue resistance of thermally treated NiTi instruments. Material and Methods: Ten new instruments New Hyflex CM (HF 30.06; Coltene/Whaladent Inc.), Typhoon CM (TYP 30.06; Clinician's Choice Dental Products) and Vortex Blue (VB 30.06; Dentsply Tulsa Dental) were chosen, based on geometry and specific characteristics of the manufacturing process. The new instruments of each system were tested in a bench device to determine their fatigue resistance through mean value of number of cycles to failure (Nf) (Control Group – CG). Another group of 10 new HF, TYP and VB instruments were submitted to 20 cycles of torsional straining between 0° and 180° (Experimental Group – EG) and then submitted to fatigue until rupture under the same conditions of the CG. Tested instruments were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test (α=.05). Results: Higher fatigue resistance was accomplished by HF instruments, followed by VB and TYP (p&lt;0.05). During the torsional preloading, the lowest mean torque value was observed for TYP instruments (p&lt;0.05). The torsional preload caused a significant reduction in the Nf values (p&lt;0.05) of about 20%, 39% and 45% for instruments HF, VB and TYP, respectively. Longitudinal cracks, generated during the torsional preloading, were present in VB files, but were not observed in the CM instruments (HF and TYP). Conclusions: In conclusion, the flexural fatigue resistance of thermally treated instruments is diminished after cyclic torsional loading

Dry needling of the flexor digitorum brevis muscle reduces postural control in standing: A pre-post stabilometric study

[Abstract] There are studies that show the better balance after dry needling in lumbar pain. However, the postural control effects after foot dry needling are unknown. Our objective was to check if dry needling reduces postural control. Eighteen subjects with flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle Myofascial trigger point were evaluated pre-and post-deep dry needling. We measured stabilometric variables in a pre-post study. We have found significant differences in three stabilometric variables: surface with eyes closed (29.36–53.21 mm2) (p = 0.000), medium speed of the laterolateral displacement with eyes closed (1.42–1.64 mm/s) (p = 0.004), and medium speed of the anteroposterior displacement with eyes closed (1.30–1.53 mm/s) (p = 0.025). Dry needling therapy application in FDB muscle reduces standing postural control with eyes closed

Strontium hexaferrite platelets: a comprehensive soft X-ray absorption and Mössbauer spectroscopy study

IBERMÖSS-2019, Bilbao, 30-31 may 2019. --https://www.ehu.eus/es/web/ibermossmeetingStrontium ferrite (SFO, SrFe12O19) is a ferrite employed for permanent magnets due to its high magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Since its discovery in the mid-20th century, this hexagonal ferrite has become an increasingly important material both commercially and technologically, finding a variety of uses and applications. Its structure can be considered a sequence of alternating spinel (S) and rocksalt (R) blocks. All the iron cations are in the Fe3+ oxidation state and it has a ferrimagnetic configuration with five different cationic environments for the iron (three octahedral sites, a tetraedrical site and a bipiramidal site)[1,2]. We have studied the properties of SrFe 12O19 in the shape of platelets, up to several micrometers in width, and tens of nanometers thick, synthesized by a hydrothermal method. We have characterized the structural and magnetic properties of these platelets by Mössbauer spectroscopy, x-ray transmission microscopy (TMX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating-sample magnetometry (VSM), x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), x-ray circular magnetic dichroism (XMCD) and photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that the x-ray absorption spectra at the Fe L 2,3 edges of this material in its pure form have been reported. The Mössbauer results recorded from these platelets both in the electron detection and transmission modes have helped to understand the iron magnetic moments determined by XMCD (Fig.1). The experimental results have been complemented with multiplet calculations aimed at reproducing the observed XAS and XMCD spectra at the Fe L 2,3 absorption edge, and by density functional theory (DFT) calculations to reproduce the oxygen K- absorption edge. Finally the domain pattern measured in remanence is in good agreement with micromagnetic simulations [3]