Paracoccidioidomycosis in a 64-year-old man: a case report

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic mycosis caused by the thermo-dependent dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides spp, limited to the American continent, but with a high incidence in Brazil, mainly in the Midwest, South and Southeast regions. This is a case report of a 64-year-old male patient that was referredat a hospital, complaining of pain in the mouth and dysphagia. The patient presented multiple and finely granular hemorrhagic pinpoint erosions with a mulberry-like appearance in oral mucosa. The patient underwent an incisional biopsy, and the histopathological analyses confirmed the presence of the fungus and the diagnosis of PCM. Lesions in oral mucosa may be the first visible clinical manifestation of PCM; so, a meticulous evaluation of oral cavity and well-conducted diagnostic techniques are indispensable for a correct diagnosis and an appropriate therapy of PCM

Chlorophyll, nitrogen and antioxidant activities in Cumaru (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd) (Fabaceae) in two water regimes

The Cumaru (Dipteryx odorata (Aubl.) Willd.) is a species used by traditional populations and industries using timber and non-timber forest products. This study aimed to analyze the levels of chlorophyll A, B, total ammonia levels, nitrate, proline, electrolyte leakage and activity of oxidative enzymes in evaluation to tolerance of cumaru plants subjected to drought for 21 days of stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA), Belém, Pará, in the period from March to July 2015. The results showed a significant decrease in the relative water content of 50.8 and 55% for chlorophyll b, 45% to total chlorophyll and an increase in proline to the plants under drought. There was no significant difference to chlorophyll a, ammonium and nitrate. Increases in electrolyte leak with 22.74% for roots and 39.55% for leaves were observed. The enzyme catalase (CAT) showed a significant increase from the 14th day of the experiment, while changes in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities were observed from the 7th day of the experiment. Cumaru plants are not drought tolerant over 21 days; also, young plants of cumaru respond negatively to conditions of low water availability in the soil.Key words: Drought, oxidative stress, chlorophyll, tolerance, Dipteryx odorata

Efficiency of transabdominal ultrasound examination in aid to early diagnosis of induced right dorsal colitis in horses

Abstract The Right Dorsal Colitis (CDD) is an enteropathy characterized by wall inflammation and edema and ulceration of the mucosa of the right dorsal colon in horses. Its occurrence is associated with prolonged use and/or overdoses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially phenylbutazone (FBTZ). Clinical abnormalities include anorexia, colic, hypoproteinemia, neutropenia, endotoxemia, diarrhea and weight loss. The ultrasound examination (EUS) is important in the diagnosis of abdominal abnormalities. Aiming to evaluate the efficiency of EUS in the early diagnosis of CDD, EUS were performed regularly in five horses (C1-C5) underwent protocol of induction experimental colitis. Five images per animal were taken on alternate days (D0-D14), between the 11th and 15th intercostal spaces in right side and, in each image, the wall thickness of the right dorsal colon was measured in millimeters (mm) at four different sites. There was no difference between D0 (3.4±0.55mm) and D3 (4.9 ±1.79 mm), but in D5 (7.17 ±1.28 mm), D7 (7.00 ±1.68 mm) and D9 (6.71 ±2.27 mm), there was significant increase in colon wall thickness in relation to D0 and D3 (p=0.05). Since the onset of relevant clinical signs, such as diarrhea was evident in all animals only in D9, it was concluded that ultrasonography of the right dorsal colon is sensitive method as early diagnosis of CDD.A Colite Dorsal Direita (CDD) é uma enteropatia caracterizada por inflamação, edema mural e ulcerações da mucosa do cólon dorsal direito de equinos. Sua ocorrência associa-se ao uso prolongado e/ou sobredoses de antiinflamatórios n ão esteroidais (AINEs), principalmente fenilbutazona (FBTZ). As alterações clínicas incluem anorexia, cólica, hipoproteinemia, neutropenia, endotoxemia, diarreia e perda de peso. O exame ultrassonográfico (EUS) é importante como auxílio no diagnóstico de anormalidades abdominais. Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência do EUS no diagnóstico precoce da CDD foram realizados EUS periódicos em cinco equinos (C1-C5) submetidos a protocolo experimental de colites. Cinco imagens ultrassonográficas por animal foram obtidas em dias alternados (D0-D14), entre o 11º e 15º espaços intercostais direitos e, em cada imagem, a espessura da parede do cólon dorsal direito foi mensurada em milímetros (mm) em quatro áreas diferentes. N ão houve diferença entre D0 (3,4 ±0,55 mm) e D3 (4,9 ±1,79 mm), porém em D5 (7,17 ±1,28 mm), D7 (7,00 ±1,68 mm) e D9 (6,71 ±2,27 mm), constatou-se aumento significativo da espessura da parede do cólon em relação a D0 e D3 (p=0,05). Já que o início dos sinais clínicos importantes foi evidente nos animais somente em D9, concluiu-se que o EUS do cólon dorsal direito é sensível como método diagnóstico precoce da CDD.La Colitis Dorsal Derecha (CDD) es una enteropatía caracterizada por inflamación, edema de pared y ulceraciones de la mucosa del colon dorsal derecho de equinos. Su ocurrencia se asocia al uso prolongado o sobredosis de antinflamatorios no esteroides (Aines), principalmente la fenilbutazona (FBTZ). Las alteraciones clínicas incluyen anorexia, cólico, hipoproteinemia, neutropenia, endotoxemia, diarrea y pérdida de peso. El examen ecográfico (EET) es importante como auxilio diagnóstico de anormalidades abdominales. Con el objetivo de evaluar la eficiencia del EET en el diagnóstico precoz de CDD fueron realizados EET periódicos en cinco equinos (C1- C5) sometidos a un protocolo experimental de colitis. Cinco imágenes ecográficas por animal fueron obtenidas en días alternados (D0-D14); entre el 11º y 15º espacios intercostales derechos y en cada imagen, el espesor del colon dorsal derecho fue medido en milímetros (mm) en cuatro áreas diferentes. No hubo diferencia entre D0 (3,4 ±0,55 mm) y D3 (4,9 ±1,79 mm), sin embargo en D5 (7,17 ±1,28 mm), D7 (7,00 ±1,68 mm) y D9 (6,71 ±2,27 mm), se estableció un aumento significativo del espesor de la pared del colon en relación a D0 y D3 (p=0,05). Debido al inicio evidente de signos clínicos importantes solo a partir de D9, se concluye que el EET del colon dorsal derecho es sensible como método diagnóstico precoz de CDD

Telégrafos e inventário do território no Brasil: as atividades científicas da Comissão Rondon (1907-1915) Telegraphs and an inventory of the territory of Brazil: the scientific work of the Rondon Commission (1907-1915)

As atividades de construção de infra-estrutura de comunicações realizadas pela Comissão Rondon (1900-1930) notabilizaram-se por seus contatos com sociedades indígenas. Pouco conhecidas são as pesquisas científicas feitas por seus membros indissociáveis dos objetivos de modernização, ocupação e integração do interior do país por parte do então recém-instaurado regime republicano. Este artigo analisa o impacto das atividades científicas da Comissão em áreas como botânica, geologia e zoologia, assim como o inédito campo de trabalho que elas ofereceram para pesquisadores e naturalistas brasileiros crescentemente incorporados às suas diferentes viagens de exploração.<br>In its work to build communication infrastructure, the Rondon Commission (1900-30) became well known for its contacts with indigenous societies. Little, however, has been written about the scientific research conducted by its members, that was inseparable from the recently inaugurated republican regime's goals of modernization, settlement, and integration of the interior with the rest of Brazil. The article analyzes the impact of the Commission's scientific work in areas like botany, geology, and zoology, as well as its impact on the new field of work thus opened to Brazilian researchers and naturalists, who took part in these exploratory journeys in ever greater numbers

Neotropical xenarthrans: a dataset of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics.

International audienceXenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions forecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosys-tem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts withdomestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their fulldistribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths.Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae(3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data onDasypus pilo-sus(Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized,but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In thisdata paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence andquantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is fromthe southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of theNeotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regardinganteaters,Myrmecophaga tridactylahas the most records (n=5,941), andCyclopessp. havethe fewest (n=240). The armadillo species with the most data isDasypus novemcinctus(n=11,588), and the fewest data are recorded forCalyptophractus retusus(n=33). Withregard to sloth species,Bradypus variegatushas the most records (n=962), andBradypus pyg-maeushas the fewest (n=12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to makeoccurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly ifwe integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, andNeotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure,habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possiblewith the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data inpublications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are usingthese data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data