Iniciativa de salud global del wabash college: Experiencia de inmersión en el Perú

La misión de la Iniciativa de Salud Global del Wabash College es transformar la vida de los estudiantes y voluntarios a través de la educación, la investigación y el servicio en salud pública, buscando generar un impacto positivo en las comunidades desatendidas a nivel global. El programa, financiado gracias a colaboradores filántropos, provee a los estudiantes y voluntarios provenientes de diversas especialidades una experiencia local e internacional de construcción de la comunidad que los preparan para ser líderes globales. En el 2,016 después de varios años de actividades con estudiantes de la Facultad de Medicina Humana de la Universidad Ricardo Palma, se firma un acuerdo entre WC y la URP. Los estudiantes tienen la oportunidad de participar en una amplia gama de actividades cocurriculares, incluyendo: inmersión en salud global; pasantías internacionales, regionales y locales; así como creación de redes y asesoramiento académico bajo tutoría de catedráticos, compañeros y profesionales de este campo. DOI:https://doi.org/10.25176/RFMH.v17.n1.75

Requirement Engineering Activities in Smart Environments for Large Facilities

Developing a large, but smart environment is a complex task that requires the collaboration of experts of different disciplines. How to successfully attain such collaboration is not a trivial matter. The paper illustrates the problem with a case study where the manager of the facility intends to influence pedestrians so that they choose a task that requires certain effort, e.g. using staircases, instead of the current one that requires less effort, e.g. using the elevator. Defining requirements for such scenarios requires a strong multidisciplinary collaboration which is not currently well supported. This paper contributes with an approach to provide non-technician experts with tools so that they can provide feedback on the requirements and verify them in a systematic way

Rapid, reliable and easy-to-perform chemometric-less method for rice syrup adulterated honey detection using FTIR-ATR

The adulteration of honey (Apis mellifera) is a global problem due to its economic, commercial and health implications. The world's leading beekeeping organisation, APIMONDIA, considers that the detection of adulteration in honey is a problem that has not yet been resolved. This evidence of the importance of the intensive development of analytical techniques that allow the unequivocal detection of adulterants in honey, especially those whose use as honey adulterants has recently emerged. This work aims to develop a fast, easy-to-perform, low-cost analytical method to qualitatively and quantitatively determine rice syrup using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique with attenuated total reflectance (ATR) mode without complex mathematical procedures and sophisticated sample preparation. This study involved the analysis of 256 intentionally rice-syrup-adulterated honey samples and 92 pure honey samples of bee multifloral honey from Spain. The method, based strictly on the determination of the absorbance directly from the samples, at 1013 cm−1 The methodology used no need for previous treatments or preparations and demonstrated the scope for the unequivocal detection of rice syrup in adulterated honey containing equal to or higher than 3% (m/m) or more of this adulterant. Using the Exponential Plus Linear model (r = 0.998) shows high accuracy and precision, in terms of relative error (0.32%, m/m) and coefficient of variation (1.4%). The results of this study have led to the establishment of a maximum absorbance threshold of 0.670 for honey without rice syrup

Iron deprivation enhances transcriptional responses to in vitro growth arrest of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The establishment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) long-term infection in vivo depends on several factors, one of which is the availability of key nutrients such as iron (Fe). The relation between Fe deprivation inside and outside the granuloma, and the capacity of Mtb to accumulate lipids and persist in the absence of growth is not well understood. In this context, current knowledge of how Mtb modifies its lipid composition in response to growth arrest, depending on iron availability, is scarce. To shed light on these matters, in this work we compare genome-wide transcriptomic and lipidomic profiles of Mtb at exponential and stationary growth phases using cultures with glycerol as a carbon source, in the presence or absence of iron. As a result, we found that transcriptomic responses to growth arrest, considered as the transition from exponential to stationary phase, are iron dependent for as many as 714 genes (iron-growth interaction contrast, FDR <0.05), and that, in a majority of these genes, iron deprivation enhances the magnitude of the transcriptional responses to growth arrest in either direction. On the one hand, genes whose upregulation upon growth arrest is enhanced by iron deprivation were enriched in functional terms related to homeostasis of ion metals, and responses to several stressful cues considered cardinal features of the intracellular environment. On the other hand, genes showing negative responses to growth arrest that are stronger in iron-poor medium were enriched in energy production processes (TCA cycle, NADH dehydrogenation and cellular respiration), and key controllers of ribosomal activity shut-down, such as the T/A system mazE6/F6. Despite of these findings, a main component of the cell envelope, lipid phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM), was not detected in the stationary phase regardless of iron availability, suggesting that lipid changes during Mtb adaptation to non-dividing phenotypes appear to be iron-independent. Taken together, our results indicate that environmental iron levels act as a key modulator of the intensity of the transcriptional adaptations that take place in the bacterium upon its transition between dividing and dormant-like phenotypes in vitro

Propuesta de un Manual de Organización y Funciones, para el sindicato de taxis UTAMIX del distrito VI de la ciudad de Managua, afiliados al FNT

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo presentar una propuesta de manual organizacional y funcional para el sindicato Unión de Taxi Mixto (UTAMIX). Este manual se enfocará en establecer una estructura y un conjunto de normas y procedimientos que permitan a este sindicato de taxis operar de manera eficiente y eficaz. Se espera que este manual sirva como una herramienta útil para el sindicato a la hora de establecer y/o mejorar su funcionamiento

NOTAS EN LAS ENFERMEDADES PARASITARIAS INTESTINALES EN PESCADORES ARTESANALES DEL TEMINAL PESQUERO DE CHORRILLOS (LIMA, PERU)

 A fecal parasitological study of the population performing artisanal fishing of Terminal Pesquero de Chorrillos (Fishing Terminal of Chorrillos), Province of Lima, Peru, was conducted aiming at determining the prevalence of endoparasites and their relationship with fishing activity. Fecal samples were examined by the Ritchie's Method and the Spontaneous Sedimentation in Tube Technique. The prevalence of endoparasites was 68%. The only pathogenic protozoa found was Giardia intestinalis (syn. G. lamblia) (Lambl, 1859) Kofoid & Christiansen, 1915 with a 16% prevalence. The helminth parasites found included Hymenolepis nana (Culbertson, 1940) and Ascaris lumbricoides (Linnaeus, 1758), both with a 4% prevalence. Commensal parasites found included Endolimax nana (Wenyon & O´Connor, 1917) at a prevalence reaching 40%, followed by Entamoeba coli (Grassi, 1879) with 28% and finally Iodamoeba butschlii (Prowazek, 1911) with 4%, it is recommended to implement health education strategies and a permanent monitoring.Un estudio coproparasitológico a la población dedicada a la pesca artesanal del Terminal Pesquero de Chorrillos, Provincia de Lima, Perú, se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de enteroparasitosis y su relación con la actividad pesquera. Muestras coprológicas fueron examinadas por el método de Ritchie y la técnica de sedimentación espontánea en tubo. La prevalencia de enteroparasitosis fue del 68%. El único protozoo patógeno encontrado fue Giardia intestinalis (sinónimo de G. lamblia) (Lambl, 1859) Kofoid & Christiansen, 1915, con una prevalencia del 16%, después los helmintos mencionados Hymenolepis nana (Culbertson, 1.940) y Ascaris lumbricoides (Linnaeus, 1758), tanto con una prevalencia de 4%. Si bien entre los parásitos comensales se encontró a Endolimax nana (Wenyon & O'Connor, 1917), llegando a 40%, seguido de Entamoeba coli (Grassi, 1879) con 28% y, finalmente, Iodamoeba butschlii (Prowazek, 1911) con 4%, se recomienda implementar estrategias de educación para la salud y un seguimiento permanente

Fuerza de mordedura y estrés mandibular en el jaguar (Panthera onca) durante la depredación de pecaríes (Artiodactyla: Tayassuidae) mediante la fractura de sus cráneos

One of the most effective ways of the jaguar’s predation (Panthera onca) is the application of bite force at the neurocranium of peccaries, one of its main natural preys, causing highly compressivestress that becomes fracture with its back a quick killing. In the present study were analyzed by the method of dry skull, 15 adult jaguar’s skulls moreover completing craniometrical measures withreported data in the literature belonging to different subspecies or phenotypes of this species’ distributional range, to obtain its maximum bite’s force canines and carnassials moreover of the cutting efforts and maximum flexor moments along the jaw. The resolution of these variables in a hiperestaticity structureis achieved through the Moment Distribution Method by Cross. After correlated the maximum bite forces of the jaguar and its action in the cross section of the neurocranium of Pecari tajacu, Tayassupecari and Catagonus wagneri by Cremona method to obtain the internal stress for before skull fracture. It was found that jaguar’s maximum canine bite force is of 681.56 Newton and in the carnassials line is still 3 times most compressive. These forces are sufficiently high to cause fracture of a rigid structure asis the neurocranium’s triangular section of the peccaries. Moreover the jaguar’s robust canines resist the bending forces applied by struggling prey and a wider muzzle helps to stabilize grip and distribute bite forces more evenly during the killing bite.Una de las formas de depredación más efectivas del jaguar (Panthera onca) consiste en la aplicación de su fuerza de mordedura en el neurocráneo de los pecaríes, una de sus principales presas naturales, provocándole un estrés altamente compresivo que deviene en la posterior fractura del cráneo con una muerte rápida. En el presente estudio se analizaron mediante el método del cráneo seco, 15 cráneos completos y medidas craneométricas reportadas en la literatura, para jaguares adultos pertenecientes a diferentes subespecies o fenotipos del rango distributivo de P. onca. Afín de obtener sus fuerzas de mordedura canina y carnasial, esfuerzos de corte y momentos flexores máximos a lo largo del vano mandibular.La obtención de estas variables, en una estructura hiperestática se efectúo mediante el Método de Aproximaciones Sucesivas de Cross. Después se correlacionaron las fuerzas de mordedura máximas del jaguar y su acción en la sección transversal del neurocráneo de ecari tajacu, Tayassu pecari y Catagonus wagneri mediante el método de Cremona, para obtener las tensiones internas que someten al cráneo de los pecaríes previa fractura. Se encontró que la fuerza máxima de mordedura canina del jaguar es de 681,56 Newton siendo 3 veces más compresiva en los carnasiales. Estas son lo suficientementealtas, como para provocar la rotura de una estructura rígida, como la sección triangular del neurocráneo en los pecaríes. Además los caninos robustos del jaguar resisten las fuerzas de pandeo aplicadas sobre los mismos durante la lucha con la presa, y una boca más amplia ayuda a una mejor adherencia y distribución uniforme de las fuerzas de mordedura, durante la mordida mortal

Presencia de productos orgánicos en Twitter desde la perspectiva del análisis de redes sociales

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar cómo está estructurada la red de actores que hablan de productos orgánicos en Twitter y, a través de la identificación de actores clave, conocer la influencia que ejercen dentro de las redes; al hacerlo, desarrollamos ideas significativas que permitan a los usuarios de medios sociales mejorar su interacción y posición dentro de la red. Se buscaron y descargaron los datos de los términos #organico(a) y #organicos(as) por un periodo de seis meses. Para su procesamiento y estudio, se utilizó el enfoque teórico y metodológico del análisis de redes sociales (ARS). La red general se formó por 14,329 tweets únicos, publicados por 6,667 usuarios, configurando una red de 6,521 vínculos directos. Para entender con mayor detalle las interacciones, se segmentó la red con base en dos tipos de relaciones: (1) retweets y (2) menciones o respuestas, ambas redes mostraron estructuras diferentes. Se encontró que el conjunto de relaciones que estructuran la red social está asociado a productos, países y temas, así como a diversos actores clave. Además, la expresión de los orgánicos en Twitter sigue de cerca la visión general de considerarse benéficos para la salud y el medio ambiente.The objective of this research was to analyse how the network of actors talking about organic products on Twitter is structured and, through the identification of key players, to assess the influence they exert within the networks. Doing this, we develop meaningful ideas that allow social media users to improve their interaction and position on networks. The data of the terms #organico(a) and #organicos(as) were searched and downloaded for a six-month period. For its processing and study, the theoretical and methodological approach of social networks analysis (SNA) was used. The general network was formed by 14,329 unique tweets, published by 6,667 users, shaping a network with 6,521 direct links. To understand the interactions in greater detail, the network was segmented based on two types of relationships: (1) retweets and (2) mentions or replies to, both networks showed different structures. It was found that the set of relationships that structure the social network is associated with products, countries, and topics, as well as several key players. Furthermore, the expression of organic on Twitter closely follows the general vision of being considered beneficial for health as well as the environment.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar como se estrutura a rede de atores que falam sobre produtos orgânicos no Twitter e, por meio da identificação dos atores-chave, conhecer a influência que eles exercem nas redes; Ao fazer isso, desenvolvemos ideias significativas que permitem aos usuários de mídia social melhorar sua interação e posição na rede. Os dados dos termos #organico (a) e #organicos (as) foram pesquisados ​​e baixados por um período de seis meses. Para seu processamento e estudo, utilizou-se a abordagem teórico-metodológica da análise de redes sociais (ARS). A rede geral foi composta por 14.329 tweets únicos, publicados por 6.667 usuários, perfazendo uma rede de 6.521 links diretos. Para compreender mais detalhadamente as interações, a rede foi segmentada com base em dois tipos de relacionamento: (1) retuítes e (2) menções ou respostas, ambas as redes apresentavam estruturas diferentes. Constatou-se que o conjunto de relações que estruturam a rede social está associado a produtos, países e temas, bem como a diversos atores-chave. Além disso, a expressão do orgânico no Twitter segue de perto a visão geral de ser considerado benéfico à saúde e ao meio ambiente