Medida del impacto económico de la salida del mercado laboral de trabajadores inmigrantes en la Comunidad de Madrid

This paper analyses the economic impact of the loss of employment suffered by the immigrant population in Madrid’s regional economy during the years of the latest economic crisis, specifically during the period 2010-2016. First, it examines the labour characteristics of the immigrant population, a community mainly employed in unstable and low-skilled jobs and overrepresented in economic sectors that are sensitive to fluctuations in the labour market. Financial crisis forced these workers exiting labour market and the present work focuses on the modelling of this phenomenon by means of the construction of a multisectoral model of the supply-side type, also known as Ghosh model. This analytic approach provides estimates of the direct impacts of the immigrant working population leaving the labour market, and of its indirect and induced impacts on the greater economy.Este trabajo analiza el coste para la economía madrileña de la pérdida de empleos que ha sufrido la población activa extranjera en los años de la crisis, en concreto en el período 2010-2016. En primer lugar, se analizan las características laborales de la población inmigrante, población que en su mayoría cubre puestos de trabajo inestables y de baja cualificación, estando sobrerrepresentada en sectores económicos que son muy sensibles a las fluctuaciones del mercado laboral. La crisis financiera obligó a estos trabajadores a abandonar el mercado laboral y el presente trabajo se centra en la modelización de este fenómeno mediante la construcción de un modelo multisectorial de oferta, también conocido como modelo Ghosh. Este enfoque analítico proporciona estimaciones de los impactos directos en la población trabajadora inmigrante que abandona el mercado laboral, y de los impactos indirectos e inducidos en la economía en general

The economic impact of nuclear dismantlement in Spain

URL del artículo en la web de la Revista: https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/RevMetCuant/article/view/2748El proceso de desmantelamiento de una central nuclear conlleva una serie de actividades económicas, vinculadas a sectores económicos distintos del energético, que suponen una oportunidad de desarrollo económico, no solo para las comunidades locales en las que se emplaza la central, sino también para el resto de la sociedad. Actualmente, las centrales nucleares españolas tienen una vida operativa media de 33 años y en una década acabará su vida de diseño, por lo que es de interés conocer la repercusión económica que tendrá su desmantelamiento. Para ello, en el presente artículo, se desarrolla un modelo multisectorial con el que se analiza el impacto del proceso de desmantelamiento, que engloba tanto el cierre de las centrales, como la sustitución por otras fuentes energéticas y la gestión de los residuos radioactivos.The process of dismantling a nuclear power plant involves a series of economic activities, linked to economic sectors other than energy, which represent an opportunity for economic development, not only for the local communities where the power plant is located, but also for the rest of the society. Currently, the Spanish nuclear power plants have an average operating life of 33 years and in a decade will end its design life, so it is of interest to know the economic impact that will have its dismantling. For this, in this paper a multisectorial model is developed with which the impact of the dismantling process is analyzed, which includes both the closure of the plants, as well as the substitution of other energy sources and the management of radioactive waste.Universidad Pablo de Olavid

Removal of Phenolic Compounds from Water Using Copper Ferrite Nanosphere Composites as Fenton Catalysts

The authors affiliated to the University of Jaén (Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry) acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and from FEDER (Project CTQ2016-80978-C2-1-R). L. Mateus thanks the Asociación Universitaria Iberoamericana de Postgrado (AUIP) and University of Jaén for their grant and financial support.Copper ferrites containing Cu+ ions can be highly active heterogeneous Fenton catalysts due to synergic effects between Fe and Cu ions. Therefore, a method of copper ferrite nanosphere (CFNS) synthesis was selected that also permits the formation of cuprite, obtaining a CFNS composite that was subsequently calcined up to 400 °C. Composites were tested as Fenton catalysts in the mineralization of phenol (PHE), p-nitrophenol (PNP) and p-aminophenol (PAP). Catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and magnetic measurements. Degradation of all phenols was practically complete at 95% total organic carbon (TOC) removal. Catalytic activity increased in the order PHE < PNP < PAP and decreased when the calcination temperature was raised; this order depended on the electronic effects of the substituents of phenols. The as-prepared CFNS showed the highest catalytic activity due to the presence of cubic copper ferrite and cuprite. The Cu+ surface concentration decreased after calcination at 200 °C, diminishing the catalytic activity. Cuprite alone showed a lower activity than the CFNS composite and the homogeneous Fenton reaction had almost no influence on its overall activity. CFNS activity decreased with its reutilization due to the disappearance of the cuprite phase. Degradation pathways are proposed for the phenols.This research was funded by Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness and FEDER (grant number CTQ2016-80978-C2-1-R), Asociación Universitaria Iberoamericana de Postgrado (AUIP) and University of Jaén

A novel genomic island harbouring lsa(E) and lnu(B) genes and a defective prophage in a Streptococcus pyogenes isolate resistant to lincosamide, streptogramin A and pleuromutilin antibiotics

A lincosamide-resistant and macrolide-susceptible phenotype has not been described to date in Streptococcus pyogenes [group A streptococcus (GAS)]. The aim of this study was to characterize a GAS isolate susceptible to macrolides but resistant to lincosamide, streptogramin A and pleuromutilin antibiotics. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the microdilution broth method and the resistance phenotype was tested by D-test. The GAS2887HUB isolate was subjected to whole-genome sequencing. The isolate showed a positive Gots' test (clindamycin inactivation). Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the strain was ST10 and emm93, and had five resistance genes [lnu(B), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, tet(M) and dfrG]. The tet(M) gene was located in a Tn916-like transposon. The lsa(E)-lnu(B)-containing sequence (inserted downstream of the rumA gene) was formed by a 39.6-kb prophage, followed by a gene cluster encoding aminoglycoside-streptothricin resistance [ant(6)Ia-sat4-aph(3')III] and lsa(E)-lnu(B) genes. This structure was not transferred by conjugation. This study identified a new genetic element carrying a determinant of lincosamide resistance in a GAS. Further molecular epidemiological surveys are needed to determine the prevalence of this mechanism of resistance in GAS

Near-peer Teaching in Histology Laboratory

Background: Near-peer teaching is an educational method based on being taught by one or more students who are more advanced in one specific area of the same curriculum. The aim of this study was to analyze outcomes and medical students’ reactions to near-peer teaching in Histology Laboratory session. Methods: Histology Laboratory session was firstly designed as a practical session driven by academic staff, while in our new approach was driven by Histology intern students, which are upper year students in Medicine curriculum. Our near-peer teaching was evaluated using a multiple choice test when half of students had attended the session, the results of which were compared with those from traditional teaching. A reaction evaluation survey was also administered at the end of the course. Results: Multiple choice test results did not showed statistical differences between near-peer and traditional teaching strategies. Results from the reaction evaluation were mostly positive, especially with regard to feeling comfortable in the session taught by intern students and how intern students managed to transmit the information properly.Conclusion: Near-peer teaching in Histology Laboratory practical session is an effective alternative teaching method, with outcomes equivalent to traditional design, and highly valued by undergraduate medical student

An Assessment of the Effect of Human Herpesvirus-6 Replication on Active Cytomegalovirus Infection after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) may enhance cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) recipients either through direct or indirect mechanisms. Definitive evidence supporting this hypothesis are lacking. We investigated the effect of HHV-6 replication on active CMV infection in 68 allo-SCT recipients. Analysis of plasma HHV-6 and CMV DNAemia was performed by real-time PCR. Enumeration of pp65 and IE-1 CMV-specific IFNγ CD8+ and CD4+T cells was performed by intracellular cytokine staining. HHV-6 DNAemia occurred in 39.8% of patients, and was significantly associated with subsequent CMV DNAemia in univariate (P=.01), but not in multivariate analysis (P=.65). The peak of HHV-6 DNAemia was not predictive of the development of CMV DNAemia. Timing and kinetics of active CMV infection were comparable in patients either with or without a preceding episode of HHV-6 DNAemia. The occurrence of HHV-6 DNAemia had no impact on CMV-specific T cell immunity reconstitution early after transplant. The receipt of a graft from an HLA-mismatched donor was independently associated with HHV-6 (P=.009) and CMV reactivation (P=.04). The data favor the hypothesis that a state of severe immunosuppression leads to HHV-6 and CMV coactivation, but argue against a role of HHV-6 in predisposing to the development of CMV DNAemia or influencing the course of active CMV infection

Calidad de la dieta en estudiantes universitarios con distinto perfil académico

Introducción: En España son varios los estudios universitarios que abordan los temas de alimentación y estilo de vida, y demuestran que éstos son una estrategia eficaz para la prevención de enfermedades crónicas. Objetivos: Evaluar la ingesta de energía y nutrientes y la adhesión a la Dieta Mediterránea (DM) en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios con distinto perfil académico y comparar la calidad de la dieta entre estudiantes que cursan grados en Ciencias de la Salud (CS) y los de otras carreras (No CS). Métodos: 77 estudiantes (80,3% mujeres) del Campus de Soria, 37 de grados en CS y 40 de No CS de edad media 21,2 ± 2,1 años, cumplimentaron un cuestionario sobre datos socio-biográficos, el test KIDMED y registraron la ingesta de alimentos durante siete días. La estimación de la cantidad de energía y nutrientes se realizó mediante el programa informático NUTRIBER (versión 1.1.1.3r) y para la comparación de medias de muestras independientes se utilizaron las pruebas t de Student o U de Mann-Whitney y el criterio de significación se estableció en p < 0,05. Resultados y Discusión: Los estudiantes encuestados, con independencia de su perfil académico, siguen una dieta hipocalórica con mayor consumo de proteínas y de grasas de las recomendadas y menor de hidratos de carbono y fibra, lo que se refleja en el aporte insuficiente de algunas vitaminas y minerales. A pesar de ello, observamos un mayor porcentaje de encuestados con adhesión alta a los parámetros de la DM en el grupo CS (51,4%) que en el grupo no CS (30,8 %). Abstract Introduction: We can find in Spain several university studies concerning diet and lifestyle, showing them as an effective strategy to prevent chronic diseases. Objectives: To evaluate the energy and nutrient intake and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (DM) in a group of college students with different academic profile and to compare the quality of the diet among students attending degrees in Health Science (HS) and those attending other degree courses (not HS). Methods: 77 students (80.3% female) from the Campus of Soria, 37 HS students and 40 not HS (mean age 21.2 ± 2.1 years), completed a questionnaire on socio-biographical data, the test KIDMED of adhesion to Mediterranean diet and recorded food intake for seven days. The amount of energy and nutrients was estimated using the software Nutriber (version 1.1.1.3r). Student t test or U Mann-Whitney were used to compare means of independent samples and the criterion of significance was set at p <0,05. Results and discussion: The respondent students, regardless of their academic profile, follow a low calorie diet with more protein and fat consumption than the recommended amount, and less carbohydrate and fiber, which is reflected in the insufficient intake of some vitamins and minerals. However, we observed a higher percentage of respondents with high adhesion to the parameters of the DM in the HS group (51.4%) than in the No HS group(30.8%)

Diversidad, Música y Competencia Social y Ciudadana: contribuciones de la experiencia musical

La legislación educativa tiene la obligación de garantizar las adaptaciones curriculares necesarias para desarrollar al máximo las Competencias Básicas. El profesorado debe diferenciar el currículo de los educandos en función de sus limitaciones cognitivas, culturales y sociales, para que todos puedan convertirse en ciudadanos competentes socialmente. Este artículo muestra cómo la experiencia musical es accesible, efectiva y motivadora para el alumnado incluido en la atención a la diversidad, y cómo debido a ello podrá contribuir a la adquisición de la competencia social y ciudadana por este colectivo. Entonces, la Música en la atención a la diversidad en Primaria tiene un papel vital, puesto que además de incrementar la autoestima, la autonomía, la iniciativa personal, contribuirá al desarrollo de la competencia social y ciudadana considerada imprescindible para un adecuado desarrollo sociocultural

Plk1 regulates contraction of postmitotic smooth muscle cells and is required for vascular homeostasis

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), an essential regulator of cell division, is currently undergoing clinical evaluation as a target for cancer therapy. We report an unexpected function of Plk1 in sustaining cardiovascular homeostasis. Plk1 haploinsufficiency in mice did not induce obvious cell proliferation defects but did result in arterial structural alterations, which frequently led to aortic rupture and death. Specific ablation of Plk1 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) led to reduced arterial elasticity, hypotension, and an impaired arterial response to angiotensin II in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that Plk1 regulated angiotensin II-dependent activation of RhoA and actomyosin dynamics in VSMCs in a mitosis-independent manner. This regulation depended on Plk1 kinase activity, and the administration of small-molecule Plk1 inhibitors to angiotensin II-treated mice led to reduced arterial fitness and an elevated risk of aneurysm and aortic rupture. We thus conclude that a partial reduction of Plk1 activity that does not block cell division can nevertheless impair aortic homeostasis. Our findings have potentially important implications for current approaches aimed at PLK1 inhibition for cancer therapy.This work-was supported by the Marie Curie activities of the European Commission (Oncotrain program; fellowship to P.W), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO; fellowship to A.G.-L.), the CENIT AMIT Project "Advanced Molecular Imaging Technologies" (TEC2008-06715-C02-1, RD07/0014/2009 to F.M.), the Red de investigacion Cardiovascular (RIC), cofunded by FEDER (grant RD12/004240022 to J.M.R.; grant RD12/0042/0056 to L.J.J.-B), Fundacio La Marato TV3 (grant 20151331 to J.M.R.), the Castilla-Leon Autonomous Government (BIO/SA01/15, CS049U16 to X.R.B.), the Solorzano and Ramon Areces Foundations (to X.R.B.), MINECO (grants RD12/0036/0002 and SAF2015-64556-R to X.R.B.; SAF2015-63633-R to J.M.R.; and SAF2015-69920-R to M.M.), Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme (grant SAF2014-57791-REDC to M.M.), Red Tematica CellSYS (grant BFU2014-52125-REDT to M.M.), Comunidad de Madrid (OncoCycle Programme; grant S2010/BMD-2470 to M.M.), Worldwide Cancer Research (grants 14-1248 to X.R.B., and 15-0278 to M.M.) and the MitoSys project (European Union Seventh Framework Programme; grant HEALTH-F5-2010-241548 to M.M.). CNIC is supported by MINECO and the Pro-CNIC Foundation. CNIO and CNIC are Severo Ochoa Centers of Excellence (MINECO awards SEV-2015-0510 and SEV-2015-0505, respectively).S

Informe del Comité Científico de la Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición (AESAN) sobre estrategias de identificación de riesgos emergentes alimentarios

Los riesgos emergentes son aquellos derivados de un nuevo peligro para el que puede producirse una exposición significativa, o derivado de una exposición y/o susceptibilidad nueva o incrementada significativamente a un peligro conocido. La identificación de estos riesgos puede realizarse utilizando distintas fuentes de información y herramientas, que pueden ir desde el análisis de bibliografía científica publicada, e incluso de la llamada literatura gris (documentos que no son editados o que se distribuyen a través de canales poco convencionales como tesis doctorales, actas de congresos, informes de investigación, etc.), hasta el estudio de las alertas alimentarias. La evaluación de los riesgos emergentes es realizada por los especialistas en cada área de conocimiento, pero en su identificación pueden utilizarse herramientas comunes a todos ellos de manera que se detecten y caractericen de forma eficaz antes de su evaluación. Por ello, dado que La Ley 17/2011, de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, establece un mandato para el Comité Científico en relación a la identificación de los riesgos emergentes alimentarios, se solicita a la Sección de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición que elabore un informe sobre las estrategias aplicables para la identificación de riesgos emergentes alimentarios. Teniendo como base la definición de la Autoridad Europea de Seguridad Alimentaria (EFSA) en relación a riesgo emergente es importante identificar si hay un nuevo peligro al que estamos expuestos, o si ha surgido una nueva exposición o se incrementado la exposición a uno conocido. Al mismo tiempo que valorar el incremento de la susceptibilidad a un peligro conocido. Una vez revisadas las distintas estrategias posibles, el Comité Científico considera las siguientes como de utilidad: • Análisis de la bibliografía científica. Para ello es de utilidad el desarrollo o implementación de sistemas potentes de gestión de datos y plataformas de colaboración digital para gestionar la gran cantidad de datos e información disponibles. • Análisis de la literatura gris. Al igual que en el caso anterior se necesitarían herramientas informáticas específicas que permitan extraer información de interés. • Análisis de las alertas y de los resultados de los programas de control oficial. Estas herramientas controlan aquellos riesgos conocidos y sobre los que existe legislación de control. Podrían ser útiles para detectar aumentos de exposición por incrementos en la presencia de algún contaminante a lo largo del tiempo. • Análisis de los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica que podrían servir para detectar incrementos de susceptibilidad o exposición. • Análisis de tendencias de consumo. Serviría para detectar incrementos de exposición, siempre que la metodología de recogida de datos sea comparable entre años. • Análisis de la información recabada de estudios de percepción del riesgo por parte de la población. • Análisis de la información procedente de expertos e investigadores. Sería deseable mejorar la colaboración de la comunidad científica con las Instituciones y organizaciones nacionales e internacionales