Single Versus Multi‑visit Endodontic Treatment of Teeth with Apical Periodontitis: An In vivo Study with 1‑year Evaluation

Background: Apical periodontitis (AP) is one of the most prevalent diseases of the teeth. Treatment of AP is based on the removal of the cause, i.e., bacteria from the root canals. Achievement of adequate bacterial eradication in one appointment treatment remains a controversy.Aim: This prospective study was conducted with the objective to compare the periapical healing of teeth with AP treated in (a) single visit versus (b) two visits, either with or without Vitapex as an intracanal medicament.Subjects and Methods: Patients were selected randomly from the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. Forty‑three patients (81 teeth) met the inclusion criteria, i.e., AP (both symptomatic and asymptomatic) visible radiographically size ≥2 mm × 2 mm, not suffering from any immune‑compromising disease, age between 16 and 65 years and tooth not accessed previously. Patients were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., single‑visit group (Group 1), multi‑visit group without any intracanal medicament (Group 2), and multi‑visit group with Vitapex as interim intracanal medicament (Group 3). Comparison was done radiographically using periapical index (PAI). The primary outcome measure was the change in periapical radiolucency after 1 year assessed by PAI scores. The Mann–Whitney U‑test was used to evaluate differences between groups at baseline (immediate postoperative) and at the 12‑month follow‑up evaluation. Change in PAI score for each group from baseline to 12‑month follow‑up evaluation was tested with the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The secondary outcome measures, proportion of teeth in each group that could be considered improved (decreased PAI score) or healed (PAI <2), were assessed with the Chi‑square test.Results: No statistically significant difference in periapical healing was found between three groups.Conclusion: After 1‑year evaluation, no difference in periapical healing was found between single‑visit treatment and multi‑visit treatment groups with the given sample size.Keywords: 1‑year evaluation, Apical periodontitis, Multi‑visit treatment, Single visit, Vitape

Potentiometric Studies on the Complex Formation of Some Ln(III) Ions with 4-Nitrocatechol

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Potentiometric Studies on the Complex Formation of Some Ln(III) Ions with 4-Nitrocatechol

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Tracking with Multiple Cameras for Video Surveillance

The large shape variability and partial occlusions challenge most object detection and tracking methods for nonrigid targets such as pedestrians. Single camera tracking is limited in the scope of its applications because of the limited field of view (FOV) of a camera. This initiates the need for a multiple-camera system for completely monitoring and tracking a target, especially in the presence of occlusion. When the object is viewed with multiple cameras, there is a fair chance that it is not occluded simultaneously in all the cameras. In this paper, we developed a method for the fusion of tracks obtained from two cameras placed at two different positions. First, the object to be tracked is identified on the basis of shape information measured by MPEG-7 ART shape descriptor. After this, single camera tracking is performed by the unscented Kalman filter approach and finally the tracks from the two cameras are fused. A sensor network model is proposed to deal with the situations in which the target moves out of the field of view of a camera and reenters after sometime. Experimental results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme for tracking objects under occlusion

Evaluation of prognosis and outcome of small bowel obstruction using the acute general emergency surgical severity-small bowel obstruction score

Background: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common surgical emergency, associated with significant morbidity and mortality specially if strangulated. There was not much used of scoring system for SBO. The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of acute general emergency surgical severity (AGESS)-SBO score developed by Patrice Wendlling at Mayo Clinic in 2015 to evaluate the prognosis and outcomes of SBO.Methods: 80 patients age ≥13 years who fulfill the study criteria and admitted in surgery ward, Jorhat Medical College and Hospital, Jorhat between May 2020 to October 2021 were identified. The American association for the surgery of trauma (AAST) anatomic score, physiological score and comorbidity score are added to get AGESS-SBO score.Results: The mean age was 41.2 years and males (77.5%) were more affected. Obstructed external hernia (40%) was the most common cause of SBO. 64 patients (80%) were operated and 16 patients were treated conservatively. Complications were seen in 30 patients and 8 patients (10%) died during hospital stay. The median AGESS-SBO score is 5 (IQR 5-6) for complications and 2 (IQR 1.0-2.5) for no complications (p value of 0.0001).Conclusions: Incidence is more in males and obstructed hernia was the commonest cause. Higher the AGESS-SBO score more the complications and so was morbidity and mortality. A score more than 2 has unfavorable outcome

Constraints in adoption of composite carp culture in central Brahmaputra valley zone of Assam - a perceptual framework

The study was conducted in Nagaon district under central Brahmaputra valley zone of Assam to find out the perceptual constraints of the fish farmers in adoption of composite carp culture practice. A representative sample of 60 fish farmers of the district was selected using random sampling. The levels of agreement of respondents in relation to 32 identified constraints in adoption of composite fish culture were determined using 5 point Likert scale. The mean value of degree of responsiveness to constraints was analyzed to find out the perception of the farmers and found lack of fish feed at cheaper rate (3.45) as major constraint followed by high initial cost of digging of ponds (3.28). Seven factors of constraints have been identified through factor analysis such as extension support system constraints, knowledge constraints, financial constraints,distribution constraints, infrastructural constraints, agro-climatic constraints and situational constraints. With the constraints as perceived by the farmers, some relevant strategies have been suggested such as integrated effort to provide better quality fish seed at proper time at pond site of farmers through judicious carp breeding and hatchery management and proper distribution system; strengthening research extension linkage; organizing need based short and long-term training programme and on farm demonstration programme on various aspects of fish culture practices both for farmers and extension workers; establishment of ‘One stop Aqua Shop’(OAS) as single outlet in strategic locations to make available all inputs required for fish culture; formation of fish producer’s consortium to provide a dependable market support and a suitable delivery system for providing inputs to the fish farmers in time and better provision of institutional credit