Is consuming yoghurt associated with weight management outcomes? Results from a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Yoghurt is part of the diet of many people worldwide and is commonly recognised as a 'health food'. Epidemiological studies suggest that yoghurt may be useful as part of weight management programs. In the absence of comprehensive systematic reviews, this systematic review investigated the effect of yoghurt consumption by apparently healthy adults on weight-related outcomes. METHODS: An extensive literature search was undertaken, as part of a wider scoping review, to identify yoghurt studies. A total of 13 631 records were assessed for their relevance to weight-related outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty-two publications were eligible according to the review protocol. Cohort studies (n=6) and cross-sectional studies (n=7) all showed a correlation between yoghurt and lower or improved body weight/composition. Six randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and one controlled trial had various limitations, including small size and short duration. One RCT showed significant effects of yoghurt on weight loss, but was confounded by differences in calcium intake. One trial showed nonsignificant weight gain and the remaining five trials showed nonsignificant weight losses that were greater in yoghurt consumers. CONCLUSIONS: Yoghurt consumption is associated with lower body mass index, lower body weight/weight gain, smaller waist circumference and lower body fat in epidemiological studies. RCTs suggest weight reduction effects, but do not permit determination of a cause-effect relationship. Well-controlled, adequately powered trials in research and community settings appear likely to identify a modest but beneficial effect of yoghurt consumption for prevention of weight gain and management of obesity. The ready availability of yoghurt (a nutrient-dense food) and its ease of introduction to most diets suggests that educating the public to eat yoghurt as part of a balanced and healthy diet may potentially contribute to improved public health. Future carefully designed RCTs could provide proof of principle and large community-based studies could determine the practical impact of yoghurt on body weight/composition

FTO gene-lifestyle interactions on serum adiponectin concentrations and central obesity in a Turkish population

The aim of the study was to investigate whether lifestyle factors modify the association fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and obesity in a Turkish population. The study included 400 unrelated individuals, aged 24-50 years recruited in a hospital setting. Dietary intake and physical activity were assessed using 24-hour dietary recall and self-report questionnaire, respectively. A genetic risk score (GRS) was developed using FTO SNPs, rs9939609 and rs10163409. Body mass index and fat mass index were significantly associated with FTO SNP rs9939609 (P=0.001 and P=0.002, respectively) and GRS (P=0.002 and P=0.003, respectively). The interactions between SNP rs9939609 and physical activity on adiponectin concentrations, and SNP rs10163409 and dietary protein intake on increased waist circumference were statistically significant (Pinteraction=0.027 and Pinteraction=0.044, respectively). This study demonstrated that the association between FTO SNPs and central obesity might be modified by lifestyle factors in this Turkish population

Comparison of the effects of meta-topolin and other cytokinins on chlorophyll and protein contents and peroxidase activity in cucumber cotyledons

Cytokinins play an important role in controlling many of the processes that contribute to plant senescence. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different cytokinins, especially the new aromatic cytokinin meta-topolin (mT), with kinetin (K), benzyladenine (BA), and zeatin (Z) on chlorophyll formation in etiolated cucumber cotyledons. Protein contents and peroxidase activities were also investigated. Exogenous application of cytokinins was effective in stimulating chlorophyll biosynthesis. mT was shown to be the most effective cytokinin in stimulating chlorophyll biosynthesis at low concentrations compared to the other cytokinins. MT treatments at 0.02-0.0002 mug/ml increased the amount of chlorophyll more than threefold compared with control cotyledons. BA stimulated the total chlorophyll content at 0.1-10 mug/ml concentrations, but inhibited at lower (0.01, 0.001 mug/ml) concentrations. K increased the chlorophyll amount at 1 mug/ml concentration to twice that of control cotyledons. Z stimulated the chlorophyll level at almost all the concentrations applied. The effects of the most effective concentrations of cytokinins used in this research on the chlorophyll level and on the protein content were examined. A doubling of protein content in 0.02 mug/ml-mT-treated cotyledons was observed, whereas Z, BA, and K increased the total protein to a lesser extent. BA was shown to have the greatest effect on peroxidase activity

Improved Oxidative Status In Major Abdominal Surgery Patients After N-Acetyl Cystein Supplementation

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Turkish version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale

Background Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) was established to identify individuals exhibiting signs of addiction towards certain types of food. This study aimed to develop a Turkish version of the Yale Food Addiction Scale and test its psychometric properties. Methods The backward translation techniques were used to develop Turkish versions of the YFAS, and its reproducibility was assessed. Turkish version of the YFAS was administered to a total of 1033 participants (439 men and 594 women), aged 19–65 years. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to examine the factorial structure of the tool. Construct validity was assessed by principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation. Reliabilities were estimated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The criterion-related validity was tested by the administration of Eating Attitude Test-26 (EAT-26) to all participants. Results The primary factor loadings for seven items were ranged between 0.45 and 0.79, and no items cross-loaded onto other factors. The fit indices showed that eight items of the YFAS were a good representation of the item responses and each item loaded significantly on the specified factor (p < 0.001 for each). YFAS subscales had a high internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The criterion-related validity of the tool showed a positive relationship with scales of the EAT-26. Conclusion Current study suggested that the Turkish version of the YFAS is a reliable, valid, and useful tool for assessing the signs of food addiction in a non-clinical sample.PubMedWoSScopu