Urinary extract profiles of illegal substances at psychiatry and dependency clinics: three years report

Background: Substance abuse is a serious problem all over the world. There are many studies report the illegal substance use profile but few studies present their toxicology laboratory analysis. This study reports a quantitative profile of (Urine Drug Screening)) for illegal substances in Sakarya-Turkey.Methods: This study presents the urine analysis of all illegal substances which were made in the laboratory of Sakarya Training Research Hospital between March 2012 and February 2015. The results obtained from socio-demographic data and urine tests of patients were analyzed by examining their hospital record files. Urine drug screening was conducted with immunoassay quantitative analysis.Results: People subjected to substance analysis (n=2948) ages vary between 12 and 76, their mean age was 28.30±9.46. 96.74% (n=2852) of them were males. Substance positivity was determined in 34.73% of all patients (n=1024/2948) and their ages varied between 14 and 70 and their mean age was 29.39±9.65. Distribution of the urine positivity of the substances contained: marijuana 79, 5% (n=814), amphetamine 30.17% (n=309), ecstasy 23.74% (n=199), benzodiazepine 9,1% (n=94), synthetic cannabinoid 4.9% (n=12/243); opioid 5.2% (n=54), cocaine 1.67% (n=14) and multiple substance 29.9% (n=308).Conclusions: According to this study, marijuana is the most frequently used substance and multiple substance use is common. Synthetic cannabinoid seems to take place rapidly among the users. Updating the kits is important to reach the correct information in drug screening tests

Effects of metamizol and magnesium sulfate on enzyme activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from human erythrocyte in vitro and rat erythrocyte in vivo

Objective: Effects of metamizol and magnesium sulfate on erythrocyte glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme activity were investigated in in vitro and in vivo conditions

Royal jelly can diminish secondary neuronal damage after experimental spinal cord injury in rabbits

PubMed: 22538080The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Royal jelly (RJ) on traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Twenty-one New Zealand male rabbits, weighing between 2.5 and 3.0. kg were divided into three groups: Sham (no drug or operation, n= 7), Control (laminectomy. +. single dose of 1. ml/kg saline orally, after trauma; n= 7) and RJ (laminectomy. +. 100. mg/kg RJ, orally, after trauma, n= 7). Laminectomy was performed at T10 and balloon catheter was applied extradurally for traumatic SCI. Four and 24. h after surgery, rabbits were evaluated according to the Tarlov scoring system. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid and tissue sample from spinal cord were taken for measurements of antioxidant status or detection of apoptosis. Four hours after SCI, all animals in control or RJ treated groups became paraparesic. Significant improvement was observed in RJ treated group, 24. h after SCI, with respect to control. Traumatic SCI led to increase in the lipid peroxidation and decrease enzymic or non-enzymic endogenous antioxidative defense systems, and increase in apoptotic cell numbers. RJ treatment mostly prevented lipid peroxidation and also augmented endogenous enzymic or non-enzymic antioxidative defense systems. Again, RJ treatment significantly decreased the apoptotic cell number induced by SCI. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.Traumatic SCI was found to lead an increase in the lipid peroxidation and a decrease in enzymatic or nonenzymatic endogenous antioxidative defense systems. Furthermore, it was observed that SCI led to apoptosis in spinal cord tissue. A preliminary study was performed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Royal jelly in spinal cord injury. This work demonstrates for the first time the effect of RJ on SCI. RJ treatment mostly prevented lipid peroxidation, augmented endogenous antioxidative defense systems and prevented apoptosis or neurodeficite following a traumatic SCI. Thus, neuroprotective effect of RJ in the SCI was supported by behavioral, biochemical and histopathological tests. Inhibition of oxidative stress or apoptosis by RJ may have potential therapeutic benefits for reducing secondary damage and improving the outcome after a traumatic SCI. The authors believe that further studies are necessitated about the effect of different doses of RJ or the effect of RJ at different terms after SCI

Evidence that the anxiolytic-like effects of the beta3 receptor agonist amibegron involve serotoninergic receptor activity

PMID = 2375618

Effects of long-term treatment with haloperidol, clozapine and aripiprazole on mice isolated vas deferens

PMID = 2867485

Time-dependent effects of dantrolene on motor evoked potentials in experimental spinal cord injuries

PMID = 3114221

Effects of ziprasidone, SCH23390 and SB277011 on spatial memory in the Morris water maze test in naive and MK-801 treated mice

PMID = 2639428