Ensuring food security of the Republic of Uzbekistan in modern conditions

The article presents the theoretical aspects of the concept of food security, and, in particular, its elemental composition. The current state of the agricultural sector as the basis of the food independence of any state is analyzed. An assessment was made of trends in food security of the Republic of Uzbekistan based on the criteria of physical and economic accessibility, as well as factors that have an indirect impact on the level of food security in the country. The results of the ranking of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the global food security index are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the regulatory framework and documents of the strategic development of the Republic of Uzbekistan, assessment of its food independence, identification of strengths and weaknesses of the country’s existing food security system, a methodological architecture of food security of the Republic of Uzbekistan was proposed, reflecting the development priorities of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of food security as one of key components of economic and national security

Pteridophyte Distribution of the Urals and Adjacent Areas: a Dataset

Background Data on the species diversity and distribution of pteridophytes (lycophytes and ferns) in the Urals and adjacent areas are presented. The dataset includes 13,742 observations of two classes Lycopodiopsida and Polypodiopsida. In total, the dataset contains information on 16 families, 28 generas, 65 species, four subspecies and nine interspecies hybrids. All records are for lycophytes and ferns collected over 170 years between 1853 and 2021. The dataset presented is based on herbarium specimens, published data and field research conducted by the authors. This dataset is the first and important step towards generalising information on the current diversity and geographical distribution of pteridophytes in the Urals and adjacent areas. © Melnikov D et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Funding: This work was supported in part by the Program for Improving the Competitiveness of the Ural Federal University (the decree no. 211 of the Government of the Russian Federation, contract No. 02.A03.21.0006), the state assignments АААА-А19-119031290052-1 (Komarov Botanical Institute RAS), no. 0111-2019-0001 (Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of the RAS), no. AAAA-A17-117072810011-1 (Institute Botanical Garden UB RAS) and no. АААА-А19-119031890084-6 (Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology UB RAS). This research was carried out within the project No. 121041600045-8 "Western Siberia in the context of Eurasian ties: man, nature, society". We thank the Ministry of Higher Education and Science of Russian Federation for the supportgiven to the Center of Collective Use “Herbarium MBG RAS” (Agreement No. 075-15-2021-678). The work was carried out as part of the Russia 2021 project

Dovzhenko and Stalin: problems of interelation between the artist and the stateman

На прикладі взаємовідносин Сталіна і Довженка автор досліджує проблему митця і можновладця. Митець, який шукає правду, приречений на загибель або на покору.The autor investigats the problem of the artist and the power-man on the example of Stalin and Dovzhenko`s relations. The artist who looks for truth is condemned to die or to be punished

Mesophyll structure and chloroplast density in panax ginseng leaves from the sikhote-alin mts

This study investigated the quantitative anatomy of photosynthetic tissues (leaf mesostructure) of wild ginseng Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. (Araliaceae) plants from different natural habitats. The structural and functional traits of the photosynthetic apparatus shown to be especially elastic were mesophyll cell volume (Cv >40%) and traits related to filling of the leaf with cells and plastids (Cv≥21%). P. ginseng possesses relatively few cells per leaf area (44.6–107.2 103/cm2) and chloroplasts (1.7–4.9 106/cm2). Also low are the values of such integral indexes as relative surface of mesophyll cells (Ames/A, 2.78–5.28) and relative surface of chloroplasts (Achl/A, 1.9–3.2). The leaf mesostructure of wild ginseng shows traits of a plant typically found in shady forest habitats. The photosynthetic apparatus of ginseng adapts to various habitat conditions on the level of leaf mesostructure, through structural transformations of mesophyll tissue, such as changes in the number and size of cells and chloroplasts and also the integral surface indexes Achl/A and Ames/A

Variation in the number of nucleoli and incomplete homogenization of 18S ribosomal DNA sequences in leaf cells of the cultivated Oriental ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer)

Background: Wild ginseng, Panax ginseng Meyer, is an endangered species of medicinal plants. In the present study, we analyzed variations within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) cluster to gain insight into the genetic diversity of the Oriental ginseng, P. ginseng, at artificial plant cultivation. Methods: The roots of wild P. ginseng plants were sampled from a nonprotected natural population of the Russian Far East. The slides were prepared from leaf tissues using the squash technique for cytogenetic analysis. The 18S rDNA sequences were cloned and sequenced. The distribution of nucleotide diversity, recombination events, and interspecific phylogenies for the total 18S rDNA sequence data set was also examined. Results: In mesophyll cells, mononucleolar nuclei were estimated to be dominant (75.7%), while the remaining nuclei contained two to four nucleoli. Among the analyzed 18S rDNA clones, 20% were identical to the 18S rDNA sequence of P. ginseng from Japan, and other clones differed in one to six substitutions. The nucleotide polymorphism was more expressed at the positions 440–640 bp, and distributed in variable regions, expansion segments, and conservative elements of core structure. The phylogenetic analysis confirmed conspecificity of ginseng plants cultivated in different regions, with two fixed mutations between P. ginseng and other species. Conclusion: This study identified the evidences of the intragenomic nucleotide polymorphism in the 18S rDNA sequences of P. ginseng. These data suggest that, in cultivated plants, the observed genome instability may influence the synthesis of biologically active compounds, which are widely used in traditional medicine

The Impact of Informal Employment of the Population of the Northern Resource-Producing Region on Its Budget

It is currently impossible to analyse the socio-economic situation and the budgets of the Russian regions without taking into account the problems of informal employment. There is a wide variety of publications on this topic. However, they do not sufficiently address the regional features and reasons for the behaviour of economic entities, which do not wish to comply with the legalization requirements. We conducted the research based on the neoliberal concept, which considers the informal sector as a consequence of the excessive regulation and state taxation. We hypothesise that the existence of informal employment in the region results in a budget deficit and requires the development of measures promoting the legalization of self-employed income. The study determined the level and causes of the regional informal employment, and assessed its impact on the budget. As a research methodology, we applied empirical methods, statistical, economic and financial analysis. The survey of the population of the Khanty-Mansy Autonomous Okrug — Yugra, established the nature and the main causes of informal employment. Based on the analysis of the regional budget and labour resources, we have examined the impact of informal employment on the budget and determined its cumulative effect. Finally, we have proposed a methodology for assessing how the existing level of self-employment influences the regional budget. This methodology takes into account not only the damage caused to the regional budget revenue due to the lack of tax payments, but also the damage associated with excessive social expenditures on the selfemployed population. The research results can be used for developing the projects aimed at reducing informal employment at all levels of government. © 2020 Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.Анализ социально-экономического положения регионов России и наполняемость региональных бюджетов на современном этапе невозможны без учета проблем неформальной занятости. Публикации по данной теме многочисленны. Однако в них недостаточно раскрыты региональные особенности и причины поведения хозяйствующего субъекта, который не спешит соблюдать требования легализации. Придерживаясь неолиберальной концепции, в рамках которой неформальный сектор рассматривают как следствие избыточной регламентации и завышенного налогообложения государства, были проведены научные исследования. Гипотеза исследования состоит в том, что наличие в регионе неформальной занятости населения способствует формированию бюджетного дефицита и требует разработки мер в части стимулирования легализации доходов самозанятых. Целью исследования явились определение уровня и причин неформальной занятости в регионе и оценка ее влияния на формирование бюджета. В качестве основных методов исследования выступили эмпирические методы, методы статистического, экономического и финансового анализа. Результаты исследования: проведен опрос населения Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа — Югры, который позволил установить характер и основные причины неформальной занятости, на основе анализа регионального бюджета и трудовых ресурсов установлено влияние неформальной занятости на формирование бюджета и определен совокупный эффект, предложена методика оценки влияния имеющегося уровня самозанятости населения региона на формирование его бюджета, учитывающая не только сумму ущерба, нанесенную доходной части регионального бюджета, в связи с непоступлением налоговых платежей, но и ущерб, связанный с завышенными социальными расходами на самозанятых. Результаты данного исследования могут быть использованы при разработке проектов по снижению неформальной трудовой занятости на всех уровнях государственной власти.The article has been prepared with the support of the Yugra State University, the grant No 13-01-20/41.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке ФГБОУ ВО «Югорский государственный университет» в рамках научного гранта № 13–01–20/41

MESOSTRUCTURE ОF WILD АND CULTVATED SOYBEAN PHOTOSYNTHETIC APPARATUS

Comparative studies of the mesostructure of the photosynthetic apparatus of wild and cultured soybean have been carried out. Structural and functional rearrangements of the mesostructure of cultural soybeans indicate that domestication of soybean is accompanied by an increase in competitive properties