Evolution and Therapy of Brain by Foods Containing Unsaturated Fatty Acids

About 6 million years ago, our ancestors had experienced a tremendous brain growth, widely viewed as a “major adaptive shift” in human evolution. Half of human brain composition is fat and 20% of its dry weight is long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA). Consequently, improvements in consumption of dietary fat were necessary condition for promoting encephalization. Dietary fat quantity and quality have been subjected to tremendous change over the past 10,000 years with the introduction of industrially produced trans fatty acids and reduced intakes of ω‐3 fatty acids. The absolute human brain size reached its peak of approximately 90,000 years ago and has decreased by 11% since 35,000 years ago, most of it (8%) coming in the last 10,000 years. The shortfall in consumption of animal foods since the late Paleolithic and mainly consequent shortfall in consumption of preformed LCPUFA would be the plausible hypothesis for the brain size decreasing. Genetically, we are still adapted to the East African ecosystem on which our genome evolved, with some adaptations since the Out‐of‐Africa Diaspora. Dietary fat quantity and quality change has caused a conflict with our slowly adapting genome and this mismatch is likely to be at the basis of “typically Western” diseases. Many recommendations for the intakes of EPA + DHA have been issued, notably for prevention. However, the ultimate goal might be to return to the fat quality of our ancient diet on which our genes have evolved during the past million years of evolution

Ten-week lifestyle changing program reduces several indicators for metabolic syndrome in overweight adults

We aim to investigate the effectiveness of a 10-week lifestyle intervention focusing on physical activity and high fiber intake for reducing indicators for metabolic syndrome in overweight-obese individuals. A prospective study of 50 overweight (OW) adults (22 in the general educational group - G1; 28 in the high fiber nutrition group - G2) was performed. Both groups were offered dietary counseling and supervised exercise. Clinical, anthropometric, dietary and plasma biochemical tests were performed at baseline - time 0 (T0) and after 10 weeks - time 1 (T1). Both groups improved their dietary quality, but only G2 presented higher intake of fruit and vegetables (servings/day), higher plasma β-carotene levels and a 24% reduction of MetS incidence. Additionally G2 showed greater reductions in body fat (4%), and waist circumference (7%), obesity class III (2%) and obesity class II (14%) rate. Lifestyle intervention, including a high dietary fiber intake, improved healthy eating index and decreased body fat composition and plasma lipid concentrations leading to MetS incidence reduction

Aurophilic interactions in polynuclear Au(I) complexes with phosphine ligands containing imidazole rings

Aurophilic interactions in polynuclear Au(I) complexes with phosphine ligands containing imidazole rings Fiorella Bachechiaa*, Alfredo Burinib, Rossana Galassib aIstituto di Strutturistica Chimica, C.N.R., Area della Ricerca di Roma, C.P. 10, 00016 Monterotondo St. (Roma), Italy., bDipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: gold complexes, aurophilicity, crystal structures The tertiary phosphines of the type (Bzim)3-nPhnP, where Bzim is 1-benzyl-2-imidazolylphosphine and n varies from 0 to 2, were synthesised as part of a program aimed to the study of the coordination chemistry of phosphines containing imidazole rings. The softer character of imidazole, with respect to other heterocycles, turned out to be useful in the stabilization of complexes with soft metals as those of Group 11 in low oxidation states. These ligands can behave as monodentate or as P, N bidentate forming dinuclear cationic complexes. With Au(I) they were found to be able to favour the formation of intraand intermolecular aurophilic interactions. TheAu(I) complexes assume considerable interest when aurophilic bonds occur between gold atoms, since their chemical and physical properties change to particular characteristics with potential applications in electronic, optical or sensor devices. In particular short Au•••Au interactions are considered related to optoelectronic properties as observed in a number of polynuclear gold compounds. Here the structures of two Au(I) complexes are reported. The binuclear complex [μ-(Bzim)Ph2PAu2(C6F5)2] adopts a folded conformation with parallel, eclipsed C6F5 rings and a corresponding short AucccAu contact of 3.033(2)Å. The tetranuclear cluster complex {[μ-N,N’-(Bzim)3PAuCl]2 Au2}2+c AuCl2 - c AuCl4 - consists in a 12-membered macrocycle with two gold atoms coordinated to two (Bzim)3P molecules, in bridging mode, through the nitrogen atoms of the imidazole rings and two gold atoms coordinated to the phosphorus atoms of the (Bzim)3P ligands. Two chloride atoms complete the Au bicoordination. Three strong aurophilic interactions, Au(1)cccAu(4) [2.989(2)Å], Au(2)cccAu(3) [3.014(2)Å] andAu(1)cccAu(2) [3.257(3)Å], occur.Aweak gold-gold contact, Au(3)cccAu(4) [3.766(2)Å], is also present. Understanding molecular interactions 23r

Theoretical investigations of supramolecular chemisorption adducts of volatile small molecules with a trinuclear silver(I) nitrated pyrazolate complex: DFT modeling of dipole-quadrupole interactions

Theoretical investigations of supramolecular chemisorption adducts of volatile small molecules with a trinuclear silver(I) nitrated pyrazolate complex: DFT modeling of dipole-quadrupole interactions Sammer M Tekarli1, [email protected], Vladimir N Nesterov1, Mohammad A Omary1, Rossana Galassi2, Simone Ricci2, Alfredo Burini2. (1) Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203, United States, (2) School of Science and Technology, University of Camerino - Via Sant’Agostino, Camerino, Macerata I-62032, Italy A comparative study on the tendency of a new trinuclear silver(I) pyrazolate, namely [N,N-(3,5-dinitro-pyrazolate)Ag]3 (1) and a similar compound known previously, [N,N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolate)Ag]3 (2) to adsorb small volatile molecules was performed. It was found that 1 has a remarkable tendency to form adducts, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, with acetone, acetylacetone, ammonia, pyridine, acetonitrile, triethylamine, dimethylsulfide, and tetrahydrothiophene while CO, THF, alcohols, and diethyl ether were not adsorbed. On the contrary, 2 did not undergo adsorption of any of the aforementioned volatile molecules. Density Functional Theory (DFT) results (polarizability, electrostatic potential profiles, kinetics and thermodynamics, and positive point charge calculations) are consistent with the chemisorption model, explain the experimental adsorption selectivity for 1, and the lack of similar adsorption by 2 upon proper selection of the density functional. The M06 method in conjunction with CEP-31G basis set provides good agreement with the experimental data both qualitatively and quantitatively compared to B3LYP/CEP-31G. The results suggest that the adsorption of Lewis basic vapors occurs mainly by kinetic effects. The high vs. low binding energies calculated for the adducts of 1 with acetonitrile vs. CO manifest the experimental findings. The findings in this project suggest that this class of quadrupolar macromolecular complexes may exhibit potential for toxic industrial chemical (TIC) removal applications already known for porous organic polymers

on a coupled system of shallow water equations admitting travelling wave solutions

We consider three inviscid, incompressible, irrotational fluids that are contained between the rigid wallsy=−h1andy=h+Hand that are separated by two free interfacesη1andη2. A generalized nonlocal spectral (NSP) formulation is developed, from which asymptotic reductions of stratified fluids are obtained, including coupled nonlinear generalized Boussinesq equations and(1+1)-dimensional shallow water equations. A numerical investigation of the(1+1)-dimensional case shows the existence of solitary wave solutions which have been investigated for different values of the characteristic parameters

La libera muratoria del XVIII secolo nelle lettere dall’esilio di Giacomo Costantino Beltrami.

The freemasonry, a crucial point in understanding Giacomo Costantino Beltrami’s literary contribution to travel fiction at the beginning of the 19th centu- ry, represented an influential and contemporary historical-cultural reality in the vast European literary panorama at the turning point between the 18th and 19th centu- ries. The analysis of the travel letters written by Giacomo Costantino Beltrami from his exile in the New World reveals his advanced worldview related to the po- litical, religious and social authorities toward Native Americans, together with the peculiarity of his literary production. His philanthropic ideal of knowledge was strongly influenced by the principles of peace, harmony and brotherly friendship that constituted the essence of the Masonic order.