602 research outputs found
Medical Data Architecture Prototype Development - Summary of Recent Work and Proposed Ideas for Upcoming Work
The Medical Data Architecture (MDA) project supports the Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) risk to minimize or reduce the risk of adverse health outcomes and decrements in performance due to in-flight medical capabilities on human exploration missions. To mitigate this risk, the ExMC MDA project addresses the technical limitations identified in ExMC Gap Med 07: We do not have the capability to comprehensively process medically-relevant information to support medical operations during exploration missions, and in ExMC Gap Med 10: We do not have the capability to provide computed medical decision support during exploration missions. These gaps recognize the need for a comprehensive medical data management system and the accompanying computational support to provide autonomous medical care during long duration exploration missions. As the MDA maturesincluding the capability to comprehensively process and discover medically-relevant information to support medical operations during exploration missionsproject focus will shift to maturing and extending the MDA platform to enable clinical decision support and real-time guidance. To date, the MDA foundational architecture has recommended exploration medical system Level of Care IV requirements through a series of test bed prototype developments and analog demonstrations. The next stage in the development will focus on more autonomous clinical decision making necessary to address challenges in executing a self-contained medical system that enables health care both with and without assistance from ground support. A thorough understanding of current state of medical decision support systems, advanced machine learning algorithms and vast and varied data sources is required. The development of a clinical decision support for exploration missions (Level of Care V) roadmap is needed: one that assesses of current state of the art of clinical decision support systems (CDSS), interoperability issues, identification of challenges in health and performance monitoring, obtaining and processing information from biosensors, knowledge and data management, data integration and fusion, and advanced algorithm development. This roadmap must also include rapid prototype development in the areas of data processing, advanced analysis and prediction of medical events, and treatment based on medically relevant information processing and evidence-based best practices. In this presentation, an overview of the relevant issues and the beginning framework of a Level of Care V CDSS development roadmap will be provided
Impact of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist Relative to Its Design and Intended Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-Meta-Analysis
BackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify what parts of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC) are working, what can be done to make it more effective, and to determine if it achieved its intended effect relative to its design and intended use. Study DesignWe conducted a qualitative thematic analysis and meta-meta-analyses of findings in WHO SSC systematic reviews following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Results Twenty systematic reviews were included for qualitative thematic analysis. Narrative information was coded in 4 primary areas with a focus on impact of the WHO SSC. Four themesâClinical Outcomes, Process Measures, Team Dynamics and Communication, and Safety Cultureâpertained directly to the aims or purposes behind the development of the SSC. The other 2 themesâEfficiency and Workload involved in using the checklist and Checklist Impact on Institutional Practicesâare associated with SSC use, but were not focal areas considered during its development. Included in the 20 systematic reviews were 24 unique observational cohort studies that reported pre-post data on a total of 18 clinical outcomes. Mortality, morbidity, surgical site infection, pneumonia, unplanned return to the operating room, urinary tract infection, blood loss requiring transfusion, unplanned intubation, and sepsis favored the use of the WHO SSC. Deep vein thrombosis was the only postoperative outcome assessed that did not favor use of the WHO SSC. ConclusionsThe WHO SSC positively impacts the things it was explicitly designed to address and does not positively impact things it was not explicitly designed for
Angular distribution of N-doped carbon nanotubes in alumina membrane channels : A high-energy X-ray diffraction study
An alignment study of multi-wall N-doped carbon nanotubes prepared by a template pyrolytic carbon deposition
method inside channels of an alumina membrane has been performed using high-energy X-ray diffraction
on the ID15B beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, Grenoble). The two-dimensional
diffraction pattern of the deposited carbon nanotubes, recorded directly, within the alumina membrane, using
an image plate detector, exhibits two non-continuous arcs corresponding to the 002 graphitic reflection. The
following values of the angle between the axis of the carbon nanotubes lying along the membrane channels and
the incident beam were taken for five positions: 0±, 30±, 45±, 60± and 90±. The anisotropic scattering distribution
of the two-dimensional patterns indicates an orientational alignment of the nanotubes. The one-dimensional
intensity patterns obtained by scanning around the circumference of the (0 0 2) ring have allowed an estimation of the angular distribution of the nanotubes axes
Somatization among ethnic minorities and immigrants: Why does it matter to Consultation Liaison Psychiatry?
The article describes the reasons why psychiatrists working in the field of consultation-liaison should be trained and aware of the relevance of culture in their everyday work. Moreover, the article aims at advertising the special-interest group on cultural CLP, a network of clinicians and researchers within the European Association of Psychosomatic Medicine that share their interest and activities in this subject
A somatic genetic clock for clonal species.
Age and longevity are key parameters for demography and life-history evolution of organisms. In clonal species, a widespread life history among animals, plants, macroalgae and fungi, the sexually produced offspring (genet) grows indeterminately by producing iterative modules, or ramets, and so obscure their age. Here we present a novel molecular clock based on the accumulation of fixed somatic genetic variation that segregates among ramets. Using a stochastic model, we demonstrate that the accumulation of fixed somatic genetic variation will approach linearity after a lag phase, and is determined by the mitotic mutation rate, without direct dependence on asexual generation time. The lag phase decreased with lower stem cell population size, number of founder cells for the formation of new modules, and the ratio of symmetric versus asymmetric cell divisions. We calibrated the somatic genetic clock on cultivated eelgrass Zostera marina genets (4 and 17âyears respectively). In a global data set of 20 eelgrass populations, genet ages were up to 1,403âyears. The somatic genetic clock is applicable to any multicellular clonal species where the number of founder cells is small, opening novel research avenues to study longevity and, hence, demography and population dynamics of clonal species
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Pollutant transfer through air and water pathways in an urban environment
The authors are attempting to simulate the transport and fate of pollutants through air and water pathways in an urban environment. This cross-disciplinary study involves linking together models of mesoscale meteorology, air pollution chemistry and deposition, urban runoff and stormwater transport, water quality, and wetland chemistry and biology. The authors are focusing on the transport and fate of nitrogen species because (1) they track through both air and water pathways, (2) the physics, chemistry, and biology of the complete cycle is not well understood, and (3) they have important health, local ecosystem, and global climate implications. The authors will apply their linked modeling system to the Los Angeles basin, following the fate of nitrates from their beginning as nitrate-precursors produced by auto emissions and industrial processes, tracking their dispersion and chemistry as they are transported by regional winds and eventually wet or dry deposit on the ground, tracing their path as they are entrained into surface water runoff during rain events and carried into the stormwater system, and then evaluating their impact on receiving water bodies such as wetlands where biologically-mediated chemical reactions take place. In this paper, the authors wish to give an overview of the project and at the conference show preliminary results
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