Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated From Dangke and Indonesian Beef as Hypocholesterolaemic Agent

Lactobacillus fermentum strains were successfully isolated from dangke which was a fresh cheese-like product originating from Enrekang, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. In addition, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophillus were isolated from beef. This study aimed to investigate the ability of those 8 LAB strains from dangke and beef in lowering cholesterol level by using in vitro study. Strain of Lactic acid bacteria used were L. fermentum strains (A323L, B111K, B323K, C113L, C212L), L. plantarum strains (IIA-1A5 and IIA-2C12), and L. acidophillus IIA-2B4. Variables observed were identification of Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), BSH activity and cholesterol assimilation. Phylogenetic tree indicated homology of L. plantarum IIA-IA5 was 98% to BSH gene of L. plantarum Lp529 with access code of FJ439771 and FJ439775 obtained from GenBank. The results demonstrated that eight strains of LAB isolated from dangke and beef that potentially showed cholesterol-lowering effects were L. fermentum B111K and L. plantarum IIA-1A5. L. fermentum B111K was able to assimilate cholesterol by 4.10% with assimilated cholesterol of 0.13 mg in 1010 cells. In addition, L. plantarum IIA-1A5 had BSH gene and BSH activity, as well as the ability to assimilate cholesterol by 8.10% with assimilated cholesterol of 0.06 mg in 1010 cells. It is concluded that L. fermentum B111K and L. plantarum IIA-1A5 were strains that showed cholesterol-lowering effects

KERJASAMA INDONESIA DENGAN SINGAPURA DALAM PERLINDUNGAN PEKERJA MIGRAN INDONESIA (PMI) DI SINGAPURA

ABSTRAKPekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) adalah setiap warga negara Indonesia yang akan, sedang, atau telah melakukan pekerjaan dengan menerima upah di luar wilayah Republik Indonesia, selain itu PMI biasa disebut sebagai penyumbang devisa terbanyak untuk Indonesia. Pekerja Migran Indonesia ditempatkan diberbagai negara, salah satunya Singapura. Karena dengan julukan penyumbang terbanyak devisa negara perlu adanya campur tangan pemerintah untuk penempatan dan perlindungan PMI untuk memastikan keselamatan warga negara Indonesia yang ada diluar negeri termasuk Pekerja Migran Indonesia. Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui sampai dimana kerjasama Indoensia dengan Singapura dalam perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI) dan juga peranan pemerintah dalam menanggapi kasus-kasus PMI di Singapura. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisa narrative dengan menggunakan catatan yang ada dilapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kerjasama sama yang pernah ada antara kedua negara adalah seperti Memorandum of Understanding antara Badan Nasional Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (BNP2TKI) dan Association Employment of Agencies Singapore (AEA(S)) tentang penempatan dan perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI). Tindak lanjut dari kedua negara setelah adanya MoU ini adalah dari Indonesia lewat Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia di Singapura mengeluarkan kartu pekerja Indonesia Singapura dan dari Singapura lewat Ministry of Manpower Singapore mengeluarkan Employment of Foreign Manpower atau Undang-undang ketenagakerjaan asing. Peran pemerintah dalam menanggapi kasus PMI di Singapura sudah sangat baik karena pengaduan yang di terima oleh Badan Nasional Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (BNP2TKI) tahun 2018 ada 62 pengaduan tinggal 9 pengaduan yang masih dalam proses penyelesaian. Kata kunci: Pekerja Migran Indonesia; Kerjasama; Peran Negara  INDONESIA AND SINGAPORE COOPERATION IN PROTECTING INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS IN SINGAPORE ABSTRACTIndonesian Migrant Workers (IMW) are every Indonesian citizen who will, is, or has done work by receiving wages outside the territory of the Republic of Indonesia, besides that IMWs are commonly referred to as contributors to the most foreign exchange. IMWs are placed in various countries, one of which is Singapore. Because with the name of the largest contributor to foreign exchange, there is a need for government intervention for the placement and protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers to ensure the safety of Indonesian citizens abroad including Indonesian Migrant Workers. For this reason, this research can be known to the extent of Indonesia's cooperation with Singapore in the protection of migrant workers and also the role of the government in responding to cases of Indonesian migrant workers in Singapore. In this study using narrative analysis using notes in the field. The results of collaborative research that has ever existed such as the Memorandum of Understanding between the National Board for the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Overseas Workers and the Employment of Association Agencies concerning the placement and protection of Indonesian migrant workers. Follow-up from both countries after the MoU was from Indonesia through the Republic of Indonesia Embassy in Singapore release cards for Indonesian workers from Singapore and Singapore Singapore Ministry of Manpower Singapore release the Employment of Foreign Manpower. The government's role in responding to cases of migrant workers in Singapore has been very good because of complaints 2018 there are 62 complaints, only 9 complaints that are still in the process of being resolved. Key word: Indonesian Migrant Workers; Coorperation; Nation Role

Lymphokine-activated killer cell susceptibility and adhesion molecule expression of multidrug resistant breast carcinoma

Reports showing susceptibility of multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer cells to immune effectors, together with P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in immune effector subsets, including immature natural killer (NK) cells, and some activated T cells, suggest P-gp or some changes associated with it, have implications in immune-mediated mechanisms. A series of experiments were done to determine the nature of alterations associated with susceptibility to immune effector cells of MDR tumor cells. A cell line isolated from the malignant pleural effusion of a breast cancer patient was transfected with human and murine MDR1 genes, and four variants with different levels of MDR were obtained. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity was measured by a (51)Chromium release, and conjugate formation assays. MDR1 transfectant P-gp(+ )breast carcinoma lines had increased LAK susceptibility compared to their parent line. Some part of the increased LAK susceptibility of drug-resistant cell lines was at the binding/recognition level as shown by conjugate formation assays. This suggests that differences may exist between paired cell lines with respect to the expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to CAMs and flow cytometry were used to quantitate these antigens. The CAMs studied were those previously found to be upregulated by stimulating NK cells with (interleukin-2) IL-2; ICAM-1 (CD54), LFA-3 (CD58), N-CAM (CD56), and the β chain of LFA-1 (CD18). Although no differences in these CAMs were found between the breast carcinoma line and its MDR1-transfected variants, the target susceptibility results given above suggest that IL-2 treatment could be effective in combination with current protocols using chemotherapeutics, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and stem cell transplantation

Sengketa Tanah Mandiku: Studi Kasus Tuntutan Masyarakat Atas Hak Milik Tanah Di Kecamatan Tempurejo Kabupaten Jember, 2007-2010 (Mandiku Land Disputes: a Case Study of Demands Upon the Property Rights of Land in the District of Jember Regency Tempurejo, 2

Demands of the farmers in the village Mandigu Sidodadi and Rural Pondokrejo become one of the cases that arise in the reform era, starting with the installation of the boundaries a by Perhutani and the claim of Perhutani that the land occupied by the Residents Pondokrejo and Mandigu were owned by Perhutani. The farmers had the notion that the land has a meaning as an economic resource. Through Struggle Farmers, the farmers of Mandigu Sidodadi and Pondokrejo tried to fight for their land rights claimed by Perum Perhutani. It employed a qualitative approach with interviews and documentation as data collection efforts, and take the subject of social and political movements performed by Farmers Struggle. This study describes the socio-political movements performed by Struggle Farmers. With a focus on three main issues, namely land status, demands of the Struggle Farmers and Resistance Action conducted from 2007 to 2010. The conclusion is that the demand of the farmers was no longer result exploitative relations but also because of the openness of the system that provides opportunities for farming from to launch the movement

Peranan Prokalsitonin pada Pneumonia Komunitas

Keterbatasan dalam mendiagnosis infeksi respirasi dari klinis, gejala penyakit dan pemeriksaan mikrobiologis, keberadaan biomarker dapat dijadikan informasi tambahan dalam meningkatkan diagnosis dan prognosis yang membantu dalam keputusan pemberian terapi. Penggunaan prokalsitonin dapat membantu diagnosis membedakan dari infeksi yang disebabkan oleh virus, menilai derajat risiko pasien dan keputusan pemberian, penghentian dan durasi antibiotik yang optimal. Pneumonia komunitas masih menjadi masalah kesehatan. Prokalsitonin pada akhir-akhir ini menjadi perhatian prognosis pada pneumonia komunitas. , baik yang diakibatkan oleh bakter iatau pun bukan. Prokalsitonin juga mempunyai kemampuan yang lebih baik dari pada C-reaktif protein sebagai biomarker petanda inflamasi dan mempunyai hubungan yang signifikan dengan skor sistem yang menilai klinis dan angka kematian

Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Dangke and Indonesian Beef as Hypocholesterolaemic Agent

Lactobacillus fermentum strains were successfully isolated from dangke which was a fresh cheese-like product originating from Enrekang, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. In addition, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophillus were isolated from beef. This study aimed to investigate the ability of those 8 LAB strains from dangke and beef in lowering cholesterol level by using in vitro study. Strain of Lactic acid bacteria used were L. fermentum strains (A323L, B111K, B323K, C113L, C212L), L. plantarum strains (IIA-1A5 and IIA-2C12), and L. acidophillus IIA-2B4. Variables observed were identification of Bile Salt Hydrolase (BSH) gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), BSH activity and cholesterol assimilation. Phylogenetic tree indicated homology of L. plantarum IIA-IA5 was 98% to BSH gene of L. plantarum Lp529 with access code of FJ439771 and FJ439775 obtained from GenBank. The results demonstrated that eight strains of LAB isolated from dangke and beef that potentially showed cholesterol-lowering effects were L. fermentum B111K and L. plantarum IIA-1A5. L. fermentum B111K was able to assimilate cholesterol by 4.10% with assimilated cholesterol of 0.13 mg in 1010 cells. In addition, L. plantarum IIA-1A5 had BSH gene and BSH activity, as well as the ability to assimilate cholesterol by 8.10% with assimilated cholesterol of 0.06 mg in 1010 cells. It is concluded that L. fermentum B111K and L. plantarum IIA-1A5 were strains that showed cholesterol-lowering effects

Impacts of climate change on the hydrometeorological characteristics of the Soan River Basin, Pakistan

The global hydrological cycle is vulnerable to changing climatic conditions, especially in developing regions, which lack abundant resources and management of freshwater resources. This study evaluates the impacts of climate change on the hydrological regime of the Chirah and Dhoke Pathan sub catchments of the Soan River Basin (SRB), in Pakistan, by using the climate models included in the NEX-GDDP dataset and the hydrological model HBV-light. After proper calibration and validation, the latter is forced with NEX-GDDP inputs to simulate a historic and a future (under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios) streamflow. Multiple evaluation criteria were employed to find the best performing NEX-GDDP models. A different ensemble was produced for each sub catchment by including the five best performing NEX-GDDP GCMs (ACCESS1-0, CCSM4, CESM1-BGC, MIROC5, and MRI-CGCM3 for Chirah and BNU-ESM, CCSM4, GFDL-CM3. IPSL-CM5A-LR and NorESM1-M for Dhoke Pathan). Our results show that the streamflow is projected to decrease significantly for the two sub catchments, highlighting the vulnerability of the SRB to climate change

On the benefits of bias correction techniques for streamflow simulation in complex terrain catchments: a case-study for the Chitral River Basin in Pakistan

This work evaluates the suitability of linear scaling (LS) and empirical quantile mapping (EQM) bias correction methods to generate present and future hydrometeorological variables (precipitation, temperature, and streamflow) over the Chitral River Basin, in the Hindukush region of Pakistan. In particular, LS and EQM are applied to correct the high-resolution statistically downscaled dataset, NEX-GDDP, which comprises 21 state-of-the-art general circulation models (GCMs) from the coupled model intercomparison project phase 5 (CMIP5). Raw and bias-corrected NEX-GDDP simulations are used to force the (previously calibrated and validated) HBV-light hydrological model to generate long-term (up to 2100) streamflow projections over the catchment. Our results indicate that using the raw NEX-GDDP leads to substantial errors (as compared to observations) in the mean and extreme streamflow regimes. Nevertheless, the application of LS and EQM solves these problems, yielding much more realistic and plausible streamflow projections for the XXI century

Reflective practice-oriented online discussions: A study on EFL teachers’ reflection-on, in and for-action

This qualitative case study examined in-service EFL teachers’ reflective practice oriented online discussions in a graduate course. The analysis of reflective discussions and individual interviews brought about two conclusions about the nature of reflective practice as an embedded and collaborative process. First, the results regarding participants’ simultaneous engagement in reflection in, on and for-action indicate that reflective practice is an embedded process benefiting from the interplay of these three reflection types working together to lead to positive outcomes. Second, teachers benefit more from collaborative reflective practice through online discussion platforms that provide them with an online community of practice. © 2016 Elsevier Lt