El principio de igualdad y la prohibición de discriminación en la constitución española y en normas laborales con referencia particular al sexo como razón de distinción

The present work intends to document the reader respect to the content of the principles of equality and of recognized prohibition of discrimination in the Spanish Constitution, its applicability in the labor scope depending on which the principles are (drittwirkung), the norms that make them, the doctrine developed by the Constitutional Court respect to them and the main expressions of the discrimination because of sex as well as its exceptionsEl presente trabajo tiene por objeto documentar al lector respecto del contenido de los principios de igualdad y de prohibición de discriminación reconocidos en la Constitución española, su aplicabilidad en el ámbito laboral dependiendo de cuál de los principios se trate (la drittwirkung), las normas que los realizan, la doctrina desarrollada por el Tribunal Constitucional respecto de ellos y las principales expresiones de la discriminación por razón de sexo en esta materia así como las excepciones a la misma

Tratamiento no farmacológico de la lumbalgia crónica inespecífica. Revisión bibliográfica.

La lumbalgia se ha convertido en un grave problema de salud en la sociedad occidental por su elevada prevalencia y repercusión social, laboral y económica, tiene consecuencias profesionales, familiares, sociales y psicológicas, que merman la calidad de vida del sujeto que la padece. La lumbalgia, puede afectar al 84% de las personas en algún momento de su vida, es decir 9 de cada 10 sujetos tendrá dolor lumbar en algún momento; en el caso de la lumbalgia crónica, diversos estudios proponen una prevalencia del 15 al 36%. El dolor lumbar inespecífico es un dolor más o menos intenso, que modifica su intensidad en función de las posturas y la actividad física. Objetivos Conocer la evidencia científica actual de las terapias no farmacológicas indicadas en el tratamiento de la lumbalgia crónica inespecífica. Material y métodos Revisión bibliográfica. Resultados y discusión En los pacientes aquejados de lumbalgia se ha demostrado que existe una mayor prevalencia de depresión, ansiedad, abuso de sustancias y somatizaciones si se compara con la población general. El ejercicio físico sigue siendo la terapia no farmacológica de elección y de la que hay mayor evidencia científica. Otras terapias como el tai-chi y el yoga parece que ayudan a controlar tanto el dolor lumbar como la funcionalidad pero sin evidencia. Conclusiones El ejercicio sigue siendo la terapia más recomendable, los ejercicios de estabilidad lumbar pueden ser tan eficaces como los estiramientos y además los ejercicios acuáticos al combinarse ejercicios generales, tienen efectos más positivos. En la lumbalgia crónica inespecífica pocos son los pacientes tratados y pocos los adecuadamente tratados.Grado en Enfermerí

Intraguild Predation by the Eagle Owl Determines the Space Use of a Mesopredator Carnivore

Top predators shape the communities of sympatric predators by killing and displacing smaller predators. Predation risk pushes smaller predators to select enemy-free spaces irrespective of food availability, which results in changes in their behaviour, space use, distribution, and abundance. Although the landscape of fear dynamics are known for top predators such as the eagle owl and its impact on smaller raptors, the effect of the presence and abundance of the eagle owl on the space use of mesopredator carnivores remains poorly understood. Here, we studied this effect on the space use of the stone marten in a Mediterranean ecosystem where it shares rabbits as main prey with the eagle owl. We also accounted for the presence of another sympatric carnivore, the red fox. Using a multi-model inference, we found stone martens avoided areas with a higher abundance of eagle owls and rabbits, which suggested a hyperpredation process and a cognitive association by stone martens between rabbit hotspots and owl presence. We found a positive relationship between the space use of the red fox and the stone marten, which suggested foxes behaved as competitors and not predators of martens. Understanding intraguild predation can assist the conservation and management of predators and their prey

La LOMCE, un callejón sin salida

The article analyses the new Education Law in Spain, named LOMCE. It is focused on the budget cuts that LOMCE proposes, taking into consideration the consequences this new law will have on teachers, students and the society as a whole. The article does not miss the current economic weakness of our country and tries to show how these budgetary aspects affect education. It also reflects the possibilities that these new proposals will offer to citizens by establishing a comparison between our educational system and one whose success is proved, the Finnish one.ReiDoCrea. Departamento de Psicología Social. Universidad de Granada

Studying the Loss of Life of Natural-Ester-Filled Transformer Insulation: Impact of Moisture on the Aging Rate of Paper

Moisture is one of the most harmful agents for transformer solid insulation. The catalyzing effect of moisture on the degradation process of paper and pressboard has been studied by several authors, who developed models which they used to estimate how the aging process would be accelerated in the presence of water [1]-[5]. In [2] and [3] Lelekakis et al. reported the results of an experimental study in which samples with different moisture contents were aged in the presence of mineral oil (MO). In [3] an equation to determine the reduction of service lifetime of insulation subjected to increased temperature and with increased moisture content is proposed.This work was supported by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain through the projects DPI2012-35819 and DPI2015-71219-C2-2-R, and by CEIS (Centro de Ensayos Innovación y Servicios). The authors acknowledge advice from María Zabalegui of CEIS, and the contribution of Javier González to this work during his master's thesis candidature.Publicad

Predation risk can modify the foraging behaviour of frugivorous carnivores: Implications of rewilding apex predators for plant–animal mutualisms

Apex predators play key roles in food webs and their recovery can trigger trophic cascades in some ecosystems. Intra-guild competition can reduce the abundances of smaller predators and perceived predation risk can alter their foraging behaviour thereby limiting seed dispersal by frugivorous carnivores. However, little is known about how plant–frugivore mutualisms could be disturbed in the presence of larger predators. We evaluated the top-down effect of the regional superpredator, the Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus, on the number of visits and fruits consumed by medium-sized frugivorous carnivores, as well as the foraging behaviour of identified individuals, by examining the consumption likelihood and the foraging time. We carried out a field experiment in which we placed Iberian pear Pyrus bourgaeana fruits beneath fruiting trees and monitored pear removal by frugivorous carnivores, both inside and outside lynx ranges. Using camera traps, we recorded the presence of the red fox Vulpes vulpes, the Eurasian badger Meles meles and the stone marten Martes foina, as well as the number of fruits they consumed and their time spent foraging. Red fox was the most frequent fruit consumer carnivore. We found there were fewer visits and less fruit consumed by foxes inside lynx ranges, but lynx presence did not seem to affect badgers. We did not observe any stone marten visits inside lynx territories. The foraging behaviour of red foxes was also altered inside lynx ranges whereby foxes were less efficient, consuming less fruit per unit of time and having shorter visits. Local availability of fruit resources, forest coverage and individual personality also were important variables to understand visitation and foraging in a landscape of fear. Our results show a potential trophic cascade from apex predators to primary producers. The presence of lynx can reduce frugivorous carnivore numbers and induce shifts in their feeding behaviour that may modify the seed dispersal patterns with likely consequences for the demography of many fleshy-fruited plant species. We conclude that knowledge of the ecological interactions making up trophic webs is an asset to design effective conservation strategies, particularly in rewilding programs

A fast single cut spherical near-field-to-far-field transformation using cylindrical modes

A fast spherical near-field to far-field transformation using single cuts is introduced in this paper. It is based on calculating the Cylindrical Modal Coefficients of each individual near-field ring and processing them independently, considering them as cylinders of zero height and applying probe correction. The reconstruction of each far-field cut is obtained through an inverse Fast Fourier Transform. This procedure provides the opportunity to perform real time transformations due to its low acquisition and processing time. It is a useful tool for applications which do not require a full or accurate characterization, such as measuring the main patterns of an antenna or its most important parameters (peak gain, beam width, side lobe level, etc.)

El gran simulador de la ginecología. Aspectos de interés sobre el embarazo ectópico

En la actualidad, el embarazo ectópico representa la primera causa de mortalidad materna en países industrializados, aunque igualmente aporta significativamente a las estadísticas de morbimortalidad de los países en vías de desarrollo. Por su impacto negativo y creciente en las sociedades modernas, y su acertada denominación como el gran simulador de la ginecología, este trabajo apunta a repasar algunos elementos de interés en el diagnóstico, epidemiología y manejo del embarazo ectópico, señalando las brechas investigativas y prácticas que acompañan estos procesos

Applications of non-intrusive methods to study the sand cat: a field study in the Sahara Desert

Surveys based on indirect signs and camera trapping are two non-invasive methods extensively used for monitoring elusive mammals. Both approaches can be useful to obtain key information on wildlife in remote areas, since they may allow for the logistically viable design of optimal field frameworks. The sand cat (Felis margarita) is a feline that inhabits the Sahara Desert, the Arabian Peninsula, and western Asian deserts. Its basic ecology is poorly known and the status and impacts of threats are difficult to assess. Some local population declines have been detected, and more research is needed. Based on field surveys carried out in the Atlantic Sahara, we have evaluated the applications of both methods to study this species. Our results show that (a) camera trapping provided reliable data on several key aspects of its ecology, (b) walking surveys to collect feces for molecular data failed completely, and (c) for footprints, identification problems and the marked effects of the absence of optimal substrates and the prevalence of wind are relevant handicaps. Beyond this evaluation, we provide for the first time some key aspects of the ecology of sand cats in the Sahara Desert, including habitat selection, density, diel activity, and predator–prey relationships.Funding for open access publishing: Universidad de Granada/CBUA. This study was partially supported by Fundación Barcelona Zoo (PRIC Project 2017 grant)

El espejismo de la inteligencia artificial: desafíos para su aplicación en los estudios de fototrampeo

Resumen del trabajo presentado al XV Congreso de la Sociedad Española para la Conservación y Estudio de los Mamífero (SECEM), celebrado en Córdoba del 4 al 7 de diciembre de 2021.Peer reviewe