197 research outputs found
Lâalbum en V.O. en cours de langue : de lâĂ©lĂšve acteur au sujet lecteur en L2
Picture-books have often been used in modern languages classes in French primary schools. Indeed, their linguistic and stylistic qualities make them, not only really useful and efficient to help children learn words and phrases in their second language, but also to develop skills in phonology in this language. And their pictures can be used to help children understand the text and to incite them to speak.However, picture-books shouldnât be reduced only to their linguistic contents. The question is whether those books couldnât enable children to learn more than linguistic elements and whether a task-based approach couldnât encourage a more literary reading of these texts. By making children more active and by focusing on their way of reading and re-writing picture-books, canât teachers help them also develop reading skills in a second language?Keywords: picture-books, teaching/learning languages, task-based approach, re-writing, subjectreaderEl ĂĄlbum se ha utilizado a menudo como soporte de aprendizaje en clases de lengua en la escuelaprimaria en Francia. En efecto, sus calidades lingĂŒĂsticas y estilĂsticas favorecen la adquisiciĂłn del lĂ©xico y de estructuras lingĂŒĂsticas en una segunda lengua, tambiĂ©n mejoran la competencia fonolĂłgica de los alumnos en este idioma y sus imĂĄgenes son herramientas para facilitar la compresiĂłn y fomentarla producciĂłn.Sin embargo, el ĂĄlbum no debe reducirse sĂłlo a sus contenidos lingĂŒĂsticos. Se plantea entoncesla cuestiĂłn de si el ĂĄlbum en version original no podrĂa permitir que el estudiante se apropiara de algomĂĄs que de los hechos del lenguaje y si la perspectiva accional podrĂa no fomentar una explotaciĂłn mĂĄs literaria del ĂĄlbum. Haciendo del estudiante un actor y tomando interĂ©s en cĂłmo lee y reescribeel ĂĄlbum, Âżno puede el maestro ayudar al estudiante a desarrollar la competencia lectora en la segundalengua tambiĂ©n?Palabras clave: ĂĄlbum, enseñanza/aprendizaje de lenguas, perspectiva accional, reescritura, sujeto lector.Lâalbum a souvent Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© comme support dâapprentissage en classe de langue Ă lâĂ©cole primaireen France. Ses qualitĂ©s linguistiques et stylistiques en font en effet un support de choix pour favoriserlâacquisition de lexique et de structures langagiĂšres en langue seconde mais Ă©galement pour dĂ©velopperdes compĂ©tences phonologiques dans cette langue. Et ses images sont autant dâoutils permettant defaciliter la comprĂ©hension et dâencourager la production.Il ne faudrait cependant pas rĂ©duire lâalbum Ă ses seuls contenus linguistiques. La question qui sepose alors est de savoir si lâalbum en V.O. ne pourrait pas permettre Ă lâĂ©lĂšve de sâapproprier autre choseque des faits de langue et si la perspective actionnelle ne pourrait pas encourager une exploitation pluslittĂ©raire de lâalbum. En faisant de lâĂ©lĂšve un acteur et en sâintĂ©ressant Ă sa façon de lire et de rĂ©Ă©crirelâalbum, lâenseignant ne peut-il pas lâaider Ă dĂ©velopper Ă©galement des compĂ©tences de lecteur en L2 ?Mots-clĂ©s : album, enseignement/apprentissage des langues, approche actionnelle, rĂ©Ă©criture,sujet-lecteu
Pratiques transfictionnelles en classe de langue Ă lâĂ©cole primaire
Cet article sâintĂ©resse Ă lâutilisation de lâalbum de littĂ©rature de jeunesse en cours de langues vivantes Ă©trangĂšres. Sâil permet Ă lâĂ©lĂšve dâacquĂ©rir des connaissances lexicales, grammaticales et phonologiques, il lâaide Ă©galement Ă construire une compĂ©tence interculturelle : il est alors doublement mĂ©diateur. La question qui se pose ensuite est de savoir sâil peut ĂȘtre vĂ©ritablement exploitĂ© en tant que support littĂ©raire. Un dĂ©tour, par la recherche en littĂ©rature et lâĂ©tude des pratiques transfictionnelles, nous permettra de dĂ©finir les relations en jeu entre le texte et son lecteur et de voir sâil est possible de jouer sur ces Ă©changes Ă lâĂ©cole. Les projets de « rĂ©Ă©critures » des histoires, mis en place en classe de langue dans le cadre de la perspective actionnelle, ne permettent-ils pas Ă lâĂ©lĂšve de devenir Ă son tour mĂ©diateur ?This article deals with the exploitation of picture-books in second language classes. As well as allowing pupils to acquire lexical, grammatical and phonological knowledge, they also help them build an intercultural competence: picture-books are therefore mediative in two ways. The question is whether those books can really be exploited as literary texts. A look at the work of researchers in literature and transfictionality will help us analyse what relationships are at stake between books and their readers and see if these relationships can be exploited at school. Can ârewritingâ stories, as is done in a second language class in an action-oriented approach, enable pupils in turn to become mediators
Les albums d'Anthony Browne en version originale : de nouveaux classiques Ă l'Ă©cole en France ?
Si ĂȘtre rĂ©compensĂ© par des prix littĂ©raires est une marque de classicisation et si lâĂ©cole est un lieu dâinstitutionnalisation des classiques, le Britannique Anthony Browne, primĂ© pour plusieurs de ses albums et pour lâensemble de sa carriĂšre en tant quâillustrateur, figurant en bonne place des auteurs Ă©tudiĂ©s en français Ă lâĂ©cole Ă©lĂ©mentaire, mĂ©rite bien le titre de classique. Il connaĂźt, en outre, une nouvelle forme de reconnaissance depuis une quinzaine dâannĂ©es : ses ouvrages, en version originale, sont devenus des classiques du cours dâanglais langue Ă©trangĂšre. Plusieurs de ses albums figurent parmi les exemples proposĂ©s pour une exploitation en cours dâanglais par les sites institutionnels et il existe mĂȘme une mĂ©thode intitulĂ©e Enseigner lâanglais avec les albums dâAnthony Browne.
Il sâagit alors de savoir comment revisiter ces classiques. En version originale, ils vont permettre aux lecteurs français de dĂ©couvrir de nouveaux aspects de lâĆuvre de Browne. GrĂące aux jeux complexes quâils proposent, ces ouvrages sont alors envisagĂ©s dans leurs dimensions linguistique et culturelle mais aussi artistique et littĂ©raire.
Mots-clés : albums, Anthony Browne, classique, version originale, culture artistique et littéraire
Links between particle surface hardening and rehydration impairment during micellar casein powder storage
Storage is an unavoidable critical phase regarding dairy powder reconstitution abilities, particularly for high casein content powders, which generally present a poor rehydration behavior. The ability of micellar casein powders to completely rehydrate can thus be particularly affected by storage time and temperature. To implement best practices for the optimization of storage conditions, understanding changes occurring is a crucial point. For the first time, biophysical techniques were used to investigate powder surface at the nanoscale. Atomic force microscopy revealed that particle surface became rougher during storage, associated with the formation of hollow zones (around 500 nm) holes when stored for 10 months at 40 °C. Mechanical properties of micellar casein particle surface during powder storage was quantified using AFM nanoindentation. Spatially-resolved force/indentation curves evidenced a significant stiffer surface for aged powder (Young modulus of âŒ20 GPa) in comparison with the fresh one (âŒ0.2 GPa). These findings were fully consistent with the formation of a crust at the powder surface observed by high-resolution field-emission scanning electron microscopy during powder rehydration. Finally, alterations of the rehydration process can be related to modifications occurring at the particle surface during storage
Altering textural properties of fermented milk by using surface-engineered Lactococcus lactis
Lactic acid bacteria are widely used for the fermentation of dairy products. While bacterial acidification rates, proteolytic activity and the production of exopolysaccharides are known to influence textural properties of fermented milk products, little is known about the role of the microbial surface on microbe-matrix interactions in dairy products. To investigate how alterations of the bacterial cell surface affect fermented milk properties, 25 isogenic Lactococcus lactis strains that differed with respect to surface charge, hydrophobicity, cell chaining, cell-clumping, attachment to milk proteins, pili expression and EPS production were used to produce fermented milk. We show that overexpression of pili increases surface hydrophobicity of various strains from 3-19% to 94-99%. A profound effect of different cell surface properties was an altered spatial distribution of the cells in the fermented product. Aggregated cells tightly fill the cavities of the protein matrix, while chaining cells seem to be localized randomly. A positive correlation was found between pili overexpression and viscosity and gel hardness of fermented milk. Gel hardness also positively correlated with clumping of cells in the fermented milk. Viscosity of fermented milk was also higher when it was produced with cells with a chaining phenotype or with cells that overexpress exopolysaccharides. Our results show that alteration of cell surface morphology affects textural parameters of fermented milk and cell localization in the product. This is indicative of a cell surface-dependent potential of bacterial cells as structure elements in fermented foods
Stability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG incorporated in edible films: impact of anionic biopolymers and whey protein concentrate
The incorporation of probiotics and bioactive compounds, via plasticised thin-layered hydrocolloids, within food products has recently shown potential to functionalise and improve the health credentials of processed food. In this study, choice of polymer and the inclusion of whey protein isolate was evaluated for their ability to stabalise live probiotic organisms. Edible films based on low (LSA) and high (HSA) viscosity sodium alginate, low esterified amidated pectin (PEC), kappa-carrageenan/locust bean gum (Îș-CAR/LBG) and gelatine (GEL) in the presence or absence of whey protein concentrate (WPC) were shown to be feasible carriers for the delivery of L. rhamnosus GG. Losses of L. rhamnosus GG throughout the drying process ranged from 0.87 to 3.06 log CFU/g for the systems without WPC, losses were significantly reduced to 0 to 1.17 log CFU/g in the presence of WPC. Storage stability (over 25d) of L. rhamnosus GG at both tested temperatures (4 and 25°C), in descending order, was Îș-CAR/LBG>HSA>GEL>LSA=PEC. In addition, supplementation of film forming agents with WPC led to a 1.8- to 6.5-fold increase in shelf-life at 4°C (calculated on the WHO/FAO minimum requirements of 6 logCFU/g), and 1.6 to 4.3-fold increase at 25°C. Furthermore probiotic films based on HSA/WPC and Îș-CAR/LBG/WPC blends had both acceptable mechanical and barrier properties
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