Danger on the Way to School: Exposure to ViolentCrime, Public Transportation, and Absenteeism

In this study, we propose and test a mechanism for the effect of neighborhood of residence on school outcomes: absenteeism that results from exposure to danger on the way to school. We first determine the most efficient route to school using public transportation for 4,200 first-time freshmen in Baltimore City public high schools. Then, we link the specific streets along the most efficient route to incident-level crime data from the Baltimore Police Department. We find that students whose estimated routes require walking along streets with higher violent-crime rates have higher rates of absenteeism throughout the year. We also show that absenteeism is not associated with exposure to dangerous streets while riding on public transit and exposure to property crime.These conclusions hold with and without adjustments for student demographic characteristics, prior school attendance, violent crime around homes and schools, and unobserved differences related to school preference and neighborhood selection

Mapping inequalities in school attendance:The relationship between dimensions of socioeconomic status and forms of school absence

In this article, we investigated whether and to what extent various dimensions of socioeconomic background (parental education, parental class, free school meal registration, housing status, and neighborhood deprivation) predict overall school absences and different reasons for absenteeism (truancy, sickness, family holidays and temporary exclusion) among 4,620 secondary school pupils in Scotland. Students were drawn from a sample of the Scottish Longitudinal Study comprising linked Census data and administrative school records. Using fractional logit models and logistic regressions, we found that all dimensions of socioeconomic background were uniquely linked to overall absences. Multiple measures of socioeconomic background were also associated with truancy, sickness-related absence, and temporary exclusion. Social housing and parental education had the most pervasive associations with school absences across all forms of absenteeism. Our findings highlight the need to consider the multidimensionality of socioeconomic background in policy and research decisions on school absenteeism. A more explicit focus on narrowing the socioeconomic gap in absenteeism is required to close the inequality gap in educational and post-school outcomes

Author Correction:Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function

Christina M. Lill, who contributed to analysis of data, was inadvertently omitted from the author list in the originally published version of this article. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the article

Unresolved Debates Over Memory and History: La Nación and the Evolving Portrayals of the Last Dictatorship in Argentina

Argentine society is still struggling to reach consensus on what happened during the dictatorship of the 1970s and how that period should be remembered today. Using the editorials from a conservative newspaper, La Nación, this study looks at the language and metaphors employed to create an understanding of the last dictatorship. The editorials are from 1985, 1990, 1998, 2004, 2005, 2011 and each cover an important event related to what happened during the dictatorship. By tracking the coverage and language of La Nación in relation to these events, this study tracks the evolution of a particular narrative and dialogue concerning the dictatorship

How Does the Present Affect Interpretations of the Past? \u3cem\u3eLa Nación\u3c/em\u3e and the Memory Debate in Argentina

Argentina transitioned from dictatorship to democracy in 1983. Issues of memory and interpretations of the past remain ever-present. This analysis of editorials of La Nación, a leading conservative newspaper, from six major events in Argentina since 1983 focuses on the language, metaphors, and messages implemented to form an understanding of the 1976-1983 dictatorship. By tracking the changes and patterns within the editorials, this study seeks to explain how our understanding and explanations of the past always adapt to present circumstances

SoE779063_Online_appendices_CLN – Supplemental material for Neighborhood Violence, Peer Effects, and Academic Achievement in Chicago

<p>Supplemental material, SoE779063_Online_appendices_CLN for Neighborhood Violence, Peer Effects, and Academic Achievement in Chicago by Julia Burdick-Will in Sociology of Education</p