A study of moral and religious education in British Malaya

Not available.Thirza E. BunceNot ListedNot ListedMaster of ScienceDepartment Not ListedCunningham Memorial library, Terre Haute, Indiana State University.isua-thesis-1932-bunce.pdfMastersTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages: contains 128p. : ill. Includes appendix and bibliography

Observations of Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff (Coleoptera:Curculionidae:Scolytinae) in Central Michigan

Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff colonized wind thrown timber in the moist floodplain habitats of Central Michigan. Single adult females constructed a complex gallery system consisting of phloem–sapwood interface tunnels and sapwood tunnels. An average of 24 progeny adults and a sex ratio of 14 females to 1 male were found in mature galleries after the first of September

A note on the ring current in Saturn's magnetosphere: Comparison of magnetic data obtained during the Pioneer-11 and Voyager-1 and -2 fly-bys

International audienceWe examine the residual (measured minus internal) magnetic field vectors observed in Saturn's magnetosphere during the Pioneer-11 fly-by in 1979, and compare them with those observed during the Voyager-1 and -2 fly-bys in 1980 and 1981. We show for the first time that a ring current system was present within the magnetosphere during the Pioneer-11 encounter, which was qualitatively similar to those present during the Voyager fly-bys. The analysis also shows, however, that the ring current was located closer to the planet during the Pioneer-11 encounter than during the comparable Voyager-1 fly-by, reflecting the more com-pressed nature of the magnetosphere at the time. The residual field vectors have been fit using an adaptation of the current system proposed for Jupiter by Connerney et al. (1981a). A model that provides a reasonably good fit to the Pioneer-11 Saturn data extends radially between 6.5 and 12.5 RS (compared with a noon-sector magnetopause distance of 17 RS), has a north-south extent of 4 RS, and carries a total current of 9.6 MA. A corresponding model that provides a qualitatively similar fit to the Voyager data, determined previously by Connerney et al. (1983), extends radially between 8 and 15.5 RS (compared with a noon-sector magnetopause distance for Voyager-1 of 23?24 RS), has a north-south extent of 6 RS, and carries a total current of 11.5 MA

Helicity amplitudes and crossing relations for antiproton proton reactions

Antiproton proton annihilation reactions allow unique access to the moduli and phases of nucleon electromagnetic form factors in the time like region. We present the helicity amplitudes for the unequal mass single photon reaction $p \bar{p}\to l^+ l^-$ in the s channel including the lepton mass. The relative signs of these amplitudes are determined using simple invariance properties. Helicity amplitudes for the annihilation reaction $p \bar{p} \to N \bar{N}$ are also given, where $N$ is any spinor particle with structure. Crossing relations between the $e p \to e p$ scattering and the $p \bar{p}\to l^+ l^-$ annihilation channels are discussed and the crossing matrix for the helicity amplitudes is given. This matrix may be used to verify known expressions for the space like helicity amplitudes due to one photon exchange.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, submitted to EPJ

Prevalence and main outcomes of placenta accreta spectrum: a systematic review and metaanalysis

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of placenta accreta spectrum in general population studies and the main maternal outcomes at delivery. STUDY DESIGN: Data sources: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, clinicalTrials.gov and MEDLINE between 1982 and 2018. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Articles providing data on the number of cases of placenta accreta spectrum per pregnancies, births or deliveries in a defined population. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: Study characteristics were evaluated by two independent reviewers using a predesigned protocol. Primary outcomes were the prevalence of placenta accreta spectrum and clinical diagnostic at birth and pathologic criteria used to confirm the diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included cases requiring transfusion, incidence of peripartum hysterectomy and maternal mortality rates. Heterogeneity between studies was analysed with the Cochran's Q-test and the I2 statistics. RESULTS: Of the 98 full-text studies identified, 29 articles met the defined criteria including 22 retrospective and 7 prospective studies comprising 7,001 cases of placenta accreta spectrum out 5,719,992 births. Prevalence rates ranged between 0.01 and 0.1% with an overall pooled prevalence of 0.17% (95% CI 0.14-0.19). Only 10 studies provided with detailed histopathologic data. The pool prevalence for the adherent versus the invasive grades was 0.5 (95% CI 0.3-0.36) and 0.3 (95% CI 0.2-0.4) per 1000 births, respectively. The pooled incidence for peripartum hysterectomy was 52.2% (95% CI 38.3-66.4; I2= 99.8%) and 46.9% (95 % CI 34-59.9, I2= 98.8%) for haemorrhage requiring transfusion. The pooled estimate of maternal death was 0.05% (95% CI 0.06-0.69, I2=73%). We found large amounts of heterogeneity between studies for all parameters and further quantifying was limited because of methodological inconsistencies between studies with regards to clinical criteria used for the diagnosis of the condition at birth and the histopathologic confirmation of the diagnosis and differential diagnosis between adherent and invasive accreta placentation. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis indicates wide variation between studies for the prevalence rate of placenta accreta spectrum and for the different grades of accreta placentation, highlighting the need for consistency in definitions used to describe placenta accreta spectrum at birth and in reporting on this increasing common obstetric complication

The Haematopoietic Stem Cell Niche: New Insights into the Mechanisms Regulating Haematopoietic Stem Cell Behaviour

The concept of the haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche was formulated by Schofield in the 1970s, as a region within the bone marrow containing functional cell types that can maintain HSC potency throughout life. Since then, ongoing research has identified numerous cell types and a plethora of signals that not only maintain HSCs, but also dictate their behaviour with respect to homeostatic requirements and exogenous stresses. It has been proposed that there are endosteal and vascular niches within the bone marrow, which are thought to regulate different HSC populations. However, recent data depicts a more complicated picture, with functional crosstalk between cells in these two regions. In this review, recent research into the endosteal/vascular cell types and signals regulating HSC behaviour are considered, together with the possibility of a single subcompartmentalised niche

Rethinking clinical trials of transcranial direct current stimulation: Participant and assessor blinding is inadequate at intensities of 2mA

Copyright @ 2012 The Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and 85 reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The article was made available through the Brunel University Open Access Publishing Fund.Background: Many double-blind clinical trials of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) use stimulus intensities of 2 mA despite the fact that blinding has not been formally validated under these conditions. The aim of this study was to test the assumption that sham 2 mA tDCS achieves effective blinding. Methods: A randomised double blind crossover trial. 100 tDCS-naïve healthy volunteers were incorrectly advised that they there were taking part in a trial of tDCS on word memory. Participants attended for two separate sessions. In each session, they completed a word memory task, then received active or sham tDCS (order randomised) at 2 mA stimulation intensity for 20 minutes and then repeated the word memory task. They then judged whether they believed they had received active stimulation and rated their confidence in that judgement. The blinded assessor noted when red marks were observed at the electrode sites post-stimulation. Results: tDCS at 2 mA was not effectively blinded. That is, participants correctly judged the stimulation condition greater than would be expected to by chance at both the first session (kappa level of agreement (κ) 0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09 to 0.47 p = 0.005) and the second session (κ = 0.77, 95%CI 0.64 to 0.90), p = <0.001) indicating inadequate participant blinding. Redness at the reference electrode site was noticeable following active stimulation more than sham stimulation (session one, κ = 0.512, 95%CI 0.363 to 0.66, p<0.001; session two, κ = 0.677, 95%CI 0.534 to 0.82) indicating inadequate assessor blinding. Conclusions: Our results suggest that blinding in studies using tDCS at intensities of 2 mA is inadequate. Positive results from such studies should be interpreted with caution.GLM is supported by the National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia ID 571090

Landscape ideology in the Greater Golden Horseshoe Greenbelt Plan: Negotiating material landscapes and abstract ideals in the city\u27s countryside

We analyze the role of landscape ideology in the recent Ontario Greater Golden Horseshoe (GGH) Greenbelt Plan. Focusing on the “Protected Countryside,” the major land-use designation in the Plan that structures the Greenbelt framework, we explore tensions between abstract ideals of countryside used by policy makers to elicit support for the Plan and people\u27s lived experience of material landscapes of the peri-urban fringe. Approaching “countryside” from the combined perspectives of landscape studies and political ecology, we show how the abstract ideals used to build support for the protection of countryside in the high-level political arena are in tension with existing material landscapes as people experience them. When implementing the Greenbelt Plan, the abstract ideals have to be applied at the landscape level through negotiation with municipalities, property owners, and other interests. In addition to drawing upon more conventionally legitimate explanations for landscape protection based on environmental science and land-use planning principles, the designation of Protected Countryside and the strategies used to implement the Protected Countryside designation at the local level suggest a tentative commitment to recognizing landscape values and collaborative environmental management processes in policy-making. As with any such normative land-use plan, the success of the Greenbelt Plan hinges on the long-term agreement between planning agencies and diverse publics. We demonstrate the usefulness of approaching environmental management challenges at the urban–rural interface by bringing the perspectives of landscape studies and political ecology into implementation processes for land-use management strategies like the Greenbelt. We argue that public participants deserve legitimate collaborative roles in negotiating just and desirable land uses based on their experiences, and provide observations on ways to bring contested goals and tools for achieving them into reflexive negotiations about how landscapes are and should be produced