Türk üniversite öğrencilerinde AIDS’ten Korunma Öz-yeterlilik Ölçeği’nin geçerlik ve güvenirliği

This study design determined the internal consistency, validity and factorial structure of the Turkish Self-Efficacy scale for AIDS (T-SEA-27). The 27 items scale firstly was translated into Turkish using back-translation method and the cultural equivalence was provided by expert views. Secondly, the psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated on 507 university students. The test-retest reliability of the intraclass correlations was satisfactory in a subsample of 60 students tested after a 2-week interval. Psychometric analysis supported the reliability and validity of the T-SEA-27 scale and four subscales: refusing sexual intercourse (a= .97), questioning potential partners (a= .90), condom use (a= .74) and family related (a= .95). The self-efficacy score was significantly higher for those studying in health sciences, those who were not sexually active and the female students. Our outcomes showed that T-SEA-27 is a valid instrument in evaluating self-efficacy for HIV/AIDS in Turkish young people.Bu iki aşamalı tasarım, AIDS Öz-yeterlilik ölçeğinin Türkçe formunun (T-AÖY-27) iç tutarlılığını, güvenirliğini ve faktoriyel yapısını tanımladı. 27 maddelik ölçek önce geri-çeviri yöntemi ile Türkçe’ye çevirildi ve uzman görüşleri ile kültürel uygunluğu sağlandı. Daha sonra, psikometrik uygunluğu 507 üniversite öğrencisi üzerinde değerlendirildi. İki hafta aralıkla, 60 öğrenci ile ölçülen test-tekrar test tutarlılığı yeterli düzeyde bulundu. Psikometrik analizler T-AÖY-27’nin ve dört alt grubunun [cinsel ilişikiyi reddetme (a= .97), potansiyel partnere soru sorabilme (a= .90), kondom kullanma (.74) ve aile ile ilişkili boyut (a= .95) ] geçerlik ve güvenirliğini destekledi. Sonuçlarımız gençlerde HIV/AIDS’e karşı öz-yeterliliği değerlendirmede T-AÖY-27’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olduğunu gösterdi

Development and Validation of Analytical Methods for Quantification of L-Dopa%253B Application to Plant Materials

An essential neurotransmitter used to treat nervous system dysfunction like Parkinson%252339%253Bs disease is L-dopa. The amount of L-dopa in plant materials has been measured in this study using chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods that are user-friendly, straightforward, quick, and affordable. Utilizing conventional instrumental parameters, high-performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometry methods were established. In accordance with ICH guidelines, these analytical methods were validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. The chromatographic procedure made use of an Agilent Extend C18 (250times%253B4.6 mm, 5 micro%253Bm) column. 0.1%25 trifloroacetic acid solution and acetonitrile (92%252F8, v%252Fv) were used as mobile phase. It was run in isocrotic mode and the flow rate was 1 mL min-1. The retention time of L-dopa was determined as 3.85 minutes. L-dopa was identified using the spectrophotometric method, which involved measuring the solutions%252339%253B absorbance at a wavelength of 280 nm. In spectrophotometric analysis, ultra-pure water as a solvent gave sufficient molar absorptivity at a lambda%253Bmax of 280 nm. The results showed that spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods were linear, accurate, precise, robust, and the percent recovery was within standard limits. No statistically significant distinction existed between the methods within the 95%25 confidence interval (plt%253B0.05). The developed methods can be used to quantify L-dopa in plant materials for routine analysis and have been found to be very efficient

Condom-related beliefs among Turkish university students

Young people are at a high risk of contracting HIV/AIDS (Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI). However, their rate of condom use is low. The purpose of the study is to investigate health beliefs affecting condom use among Turkish university students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to September of 2007. Two hundred and fifty-four (254) university students were interviewed using a questionnaire. A logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with condom use. Sixteen (16) percent of the females and 67 percent of the males used condoms during their last sexual intercourse. Failure to use a condom was related to a perceived reduction in sexual satisfaction [OR = 5.46 (1.69 – 17.60)] and financial limitations [OR = 2.76 (1.46 – 5.20)]. These data will be useful in designing and improving HIV/STD prevention programs in Turkey

Hensynet til kulturell bakgrunn i barnevernsaker. Omsorgsovertakelse av minoritetsbarn

I denne avhandlingen er temaet hvordan hensynet til barnets kulturelle bakgrunn får betydning for minoritetsbarn ved omsorgsovertakelse i barnevernsaker. Det gjøres rede for norske og internasjonale regler som forplikter myndighetene til å ta hensyn til barnets kulturbakgrunn. En rekke avgjørelser av domstolene og fylkesnemndene analyseres for å avgjøre om kulturhensyn får tilsvarende betydning i praksis. Resultatet blir at det er store forskjeller mellom teori og praksis. Dette er et rettssikkerhetsproblem for minoritetsbarn og deres foreldre

Healthy Behaviours and Educational Needs among Turkish Women: A School-Based Study

The present descriptive study was planned to be the first stage of a school-based programme towards promoting healthy behaviours in Turkish women after determining their healthy behaviours and their need for relevant education. The sample was composed of 468 mothers of students attending an elementary school located in the city of Istanbul. The data were obtained during interviews and using two separate questionnaires. The Health Promotion Model formed the basis for the questionnaires describing healthy behaviours. The mean age was 34.6 ± 0.5 and 10.9% of the participants were illiterate. They generally were in middle-income families and 41.5% had at least one chronic disease. The participants were found to have poor behaviours pertaining to exercising, eating habits, and weight control. The majority (88%) did not exercise regularly. Chronic diseases were found to be the factor with the largest impact (OR: 1.87, 95%, CL=1.908–2.515). The participants pointed out that they would especially like to be educated on how to control their weight. The researchers have appended a programme devised for women regarding exercising, eating habits and weight control

Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Leaves and Flowers of Faba bean

Today, medicinal plants used in folk medicine are increasingly being researched and used in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical fields, and food. Despite its nutritional and medicinal properties, Vicia faba is a legume whose value is not fully understood. More research is needed on its multiple biological effects, such as antioxidant activity and other aspects. The aim of this study is to determine the antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from faba bean leaves and flowers. For this purpose, leaf and flower samples, which were dried in the open air and ground into fine powder, were extracted by steeping in boiling water for ten minutes. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity of the extracts were analyzed using spectrophotometric techniques. In addition, organic acid and phenolic compound contents were determined by high performance liquid chromatography technique. It was determined that the total phenolic, total flavonoid and antioxidant contents of faba bean flowers were higher than the leaves. The main phenolic compound in flowers and leaves is ellagic acid. In addition, cytotoxic effects of leaf and flower extracts were investigated by colorimetric test using CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) kit. The cytotoxic effects of leaf and flower extracts of faba bean were investigated by colorimetric test using CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit-8) kit. No cytotoxic effect of faba bean extracts was observed. Faba bean is a good source of natural antioxidants and can be used to prevent harmful effects caused by free radicals. Therefore, this study shows that tea prepared from the leaves and flowers of faba bean may be a good choice for people with Parkinson%252339%253Bs and those seeking health-promoting beverages

Asthenospermia hastalarında ketotifen’in in vitro sperm motilitesine etkisinin araştırılması

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bu çalışmada astenospermia hastalarında ketotifenin sperm motilitesi üzerine in vitro etkisinin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. 40 adet astenospermia hastasının örnekleri kontrol ve deney olmak üzere iki gruba ayırıldı; Kontrol grubu: astenospermia+kontrol solüsyonu (n:40), Deney grubu: astenospermia+0,24 mM ketotifen solüsyonu (n:40). Solüsyonlar semen örneklerine 1:1 oranında ilave edilerek pipetaj yapıldı. 10 μl semen-solüsyon karışımı Makler kamarasına konularak kare sistemi gözetilerek sperm sayımı yapıldı. Bulunan sayısal değerler ileri hareket, yerinde hareket ve hareketsiz olmak üzere 3 grup altında not edildi. Vitalite skorlama için semen yayması gerçekleştirilerek EosinY-Nigrosin boyama tekniği uygulandı ve ışık mikroskop altında değerlendirildi.Işık mikroskobik olarak Makler kamarasında yapılan gözlemler sonucu kontrol grubu ile deney grubu arasında progresif motilite yönünden yapılan karşılaştırmalarda kontrol grubuna oranla deney grubu sperm motilitelerinde artış tespit edildi. Kontrol grubu içerisindeki nonprogresif sperm sayısının deney grubunda azaldığı gözlendi. Hareketsiz (immotil) olup ölü olmayan spermlerin ise belirli bir süre sonra nonprogresif, daha sonra da progresif hareket kazandıkları görüldü. Vitalite yönünden yapılan karşılaştırmalarda ise kontrol ve deney grupları arasında bir fark saptanmadı. Astenospermia hastalarında in vitro ketotifen kullanımın deney grubunda kontrol grubuna oranla progresif motil sperm sayısını anlamlı olarak arttırdığı gözlenirken, iki grup arasında yapılan vitalite değerlendirmesinde ketotifen maddesinin sperm vitalitesine olumsuz bir etkisi olmadığı gözlenmiş, motiliteyi arttırırken toksik olmadığı kanaatine varılmıştır.In this study, we aim to examine the effect of ketotifen on sperm motility in vitro in asthenospermic patients. The samples of 40 astenospermia patients were divided into two groups as control and experimental groups; control group: asthenospermic+control solution (n:40), experimental group: asthenospermic+0,24 mM ketotifen solution (n:40). Solutions were added to semen samples 1:1 ratio by pipeting. 10 μl semen solutions were put on the Makler chamber and were counted via square system. The quantified numbers were noted as 3 groups; progressive motile, non-progressive motile and immotile. Vitality scoring of the semen smear was performed by using Eosin-Nigrosin staining technique and the cells were observed under the light microscope. When we compared the progressive motility of the experimental and control group under the light microscope on the Makler, we have found that there was an increment in the sperm motility in the experimental group compared to control group. The non-progressive sperm number was observed to be decreased in the control group. We have also observed that the immotile as well as vital sperms became non-progressive in time and then they gained the progressive motility. When we compared the vitality of sperms, we did not detect any difference between control and experimental group. We observed that the ketotifen application to the asthenospermic patients increased the progressive motile sperm numbers significantly in experimental group compared to control group. Furthermore, it has been stated that the ketotifen did not have toxic effects on the vitality of sperms while it was increasing the motility

Türkiye’de adli vergi suç ve cezalarının yargı kararları ışığında değerlendirilmesi

x, 110 sayfa : 29 cm. 1 CDÖZETHer devlet, kendi ülkesi içinde vatandaşlarına sunmakla yükümlü olduğu çeşitli görevler üstlenmiştir. Bunların en başlıcaları güvenlik, savunma, sağlık, adalet, eğitim harcamalarıdır. Bu alanlarda verdiği hizmetleri yerine getirebilmek için bir takım har-camalar yapmak zorundadır ki, devletin en büyük gelir kaynağı vergilerdir. Vergiler, devletin hükümranlık yetkisini kullanarak vatandaşlarından kamusal giderlerini fi-nanse etmek amacıyla gelirleri, harcamaları, çeşitli işlemleri ve malları üzerinden al-dığı paralardır. Bu sebeple vergi gelirleri bir devletin kaynakları açısından ve varlığını sürdürebilmesi yönünden çok önemlidir. Fakat vatandaşların bunun bilincinde olma-larına rağmen vergi ödemelerinde bazı aksaklıklar ve sıkıntılar meydana gelmektedir. Vergi ödemelerinde meydana gelen bu isteksizlikler çeşitli kabahat ve suçların ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamaktadır.Bu çalışmada, vergi ödemede meydana gelen sıkıntıların en başında gelen adli suçlar kapsamında olan vergi kaçakçılığı suçu, vergi mahremiyetini ihlal suçu ve mü-kellefin özel işlerini yapma suçlarından bahsedilmiştir. Bu suçların tanımları yapılıp daha sonra da cezai yönden yaptırımları ele alınıp en son olarak da bu suçlar ile ilgili olarak yargıya taşınmış davaların incelemesi yapılmıştır.ABSTRACTEvery State has undertaken some responsibilities, duties and a variety of services for its citizens. The most important ones of these duties are security, defense, health, justice and education expenses. In order to fulfill the services provided in these areas, the state has to make some expenses. The main and largest source of these expenses is taxes. Taxes are the amount of money that the state gets from its citizens on their rev-enues, expenditures, various transactions and their properties in order to finance public expenditures by using its power of sovereignty. For this reason, tax revenues are very important in terms of maintaining a state’s resources and its existence. However, de-spite the fact that citizens are aware of this, there are some problems in tax payments. These reluctances in tax payments may cause for appearing various misdemeanors and crimes. In this study, the crime of tax evasion, the crime of violating the tax privacy and the crime of doing the taxpayer’s private works are mentioned as the most im-portant problems in tax payments. The definitions of these offenses have been made and then the sanctions have been taken into consideration in terms of criminal matters and finally the cases that were brought to the judiciary related with these crimes have been examined

Transformation of NATO in the face of transnational terrorism

Ankara : The Department of International Relations, Bilkent University, 2009.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2009.Includes bibliographical references leaves 128-143.Transnational terrorism with special reference to the September 11 attacks in 2001 on the territory of the United States has significant impacts on NATO’s approach to terrorism at rhetorical, practical and institutional levels. This thesis describes and explains the role of transnational terrorism on NATO’s transformation process, which intensified with the end of Cold War era. The Alliance’s 1991 and 1999 Strategic Concepts already defined terrorism as one of the risks to the Allies’ security. However, NATO began to actively engage in fighting against terrorism after the September 11 attacks. Just after 9/11, NATO for the first time in its history invoked Article 5, which is the collective defense clause of the Washington Treaty. Particularly, the Prague Summit held in 2002 has been catalyst for the transformation of Alliance into an organization that is more adaptive to the new security environment where the threats are less likely to be state-centric. In the assessment, until September 11, 2001, terrorism did not have a priority on the NATO’s agenda. Then, after the dramatic assaults, almost every step in the Alliance has been taken in the name of fighting against terrorism. The creation of the NATO Response Force, Terrorist Threat Intelligence Unit and further a new “Allied Command Transformation” are several examples in this regard. Basically, 9/11 demonstrated that transnational terrorism constitutes a very serious threat even for a super power, nobody is immune from terrorism and the approach to terrorism as a domestic threat is no longer applicable.Bulduk, SebahatM.S