Exploring the links between tourism and quality of institutions

This paper introduces a new perspective on the impacts of tourism on host communi-ties by analyzing the links between tourism specialization and quality of institutions. Our research has two principal aims: firstly, to test the significance and sign of this relationship; and secondly, to explore the channels through which tourism could affect institutional qual-ity. To this end, an econometric analysis is conducted using a sample of 92 countries over the period 1995-2014. The results indicate that there is a significant and positive associa-tion between tourism specialization and institutional quality. Moreover, this relation can be explained through three main channels: level of income, income inequality, and economic freedom.Este trabajo aporta una nueva perspectiva sobre los impactos del turismo analizando las relaciones entre la especialización turística de un país y la calidad de sus instituciones. La investigación plantea dos objetivos: (1) testar empíricamente la significatividad y signo de dichas relaciones y (2) explorar los canales a través de los que se producen. Realizamos un análisis econométrico para 92 países y 20 años. Los principales resultados indican la existencia de una asociación significativa y positiva entre turismo y calidad institucional que se produce principalmente a través de tres canales: nivel de renta, distribución de la renta y libertad económica

Ethnolinguistic Diversity and Education: a Successful Pairing

The many growing migratory flows render our societies increasingly heterogeneous. From the point of view of social welfare, achieving all the positive effects of diversity appears as a challenge for our societies. Nevertheless, while it is true that ethnolinguistic diversity involves costs and benefits, at a country level it seems that the former are greater than the latter, even more so when income inequality between ethnic groups is taken into account. In this respect, there is a vast literature at a macro level that shows that ethnolinguistic fragmentation induces lower income, which leads to the conclusion that part of the difference in income observed between countries can be attributed to their different levels of fragmentation. This paper presents primary evidence of the role of education in mitigating the adverse effects of ethnolinguistic fractionalization on the level of income. While the results show a negative association between fragmentation and income for all indices of diversity, the attainment of a certain level of education, especially secondary and tertiary, manages to reverse the sign of the marginal effect of ethnolinguistic fractionalization on income level. Since current societies are increasingly diverse, these results could have major economic policy implications

Análisis de vulnerabilidad a la contaminación de los acuíferos en el municipio de Funza, Cundinamarca

Saneamiento de comunidadesSe desarrolla el presente proyecto, en el cual se establece el grado de vulnerabilidad intrínseca de los sistemas acuíferos del área del Municipio de Funza y el peligro potencial que representan las actividades antrópicas que puedan afectar la sostenibilidad del agua subterránea, bajo las metodologías GOD y DRASTIC esta última incluyendo la valoración por pesticidas.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. GENERALIDADES DEL TRABAJO DE GRADO 2. MARCOS DE REFERENCIA 3. METODOLOGÍA 4. ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS 5. CONSLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES BIBLIOGRAFÍA APÉNDICEEspecializaciónEspecialista en Recursos Hídrico

Cooperative learning in the Master of Tourism Planning and Management

La transversalidad del sector turístico explica que sea una actividad en el que la coordinación y el trabajo en equipo juegan un papel fundamental. Por ello, es necesario que desde la formación se potencie la cooperación de los futuros profesionales. Tras analizar las particularidades de los estudiantes del Máster Universitario en Dirección y Planificación del Turismo y las características de la asignatura “Financiación Pública de Iniciativas Turísticas”, consideramos que la Metodología de Aprendizaje Activo centrada en la elaboración de un trabajo cooperativo para el conjunto del grupo podía ser la más adecuada. En este proyecto se desarrollan los elementos fundamentales de la metodología propuesta y se realiza una primera evaluación. Para ello, se han diseñado dos cuestionarios, uno que se les pasa a los alumnos al finalizar el periodo lectivo y otro que se realiza a los egresados un año después de terminar sus estudios. Los resultados obtenidos avalan la metodología docente planteada.Due to Tourism Industry is a transverse sector the coordination and de team work are key elements to be successful. On this way, it is needed to promote the cooperation for the future employees at the beginning in the University. After analyzing the individuality of the Master “Planning and Management of Tourism” students and the characteristics of the subject “Public Financing of Touristic Planning” we considerate that the methodology based in the cooperative learning to execute a team project is the most suitable. During this project it develops the mean elements of this methodology and we realised the first evaluation. In order to it, two questionnaires have been designed. One of them is filled by the students at the end of the academic year and the other one, is completed by the students one year later. Obtained results guarantee the methodology we have planned

Do tolerant societies demand better institutions?

The increasing ethnic heterogeneity that many societies are experiencing could be interpreted as a detrimental phenomenon, since empirical literature exists that indicates that higher levels of ethnic fractionalization induce higher levels of corruption. This paper aims to show the role of tolerance in overcoming this harmful effect of ethnic heterogeneity. To this end, a sample of 86 countries is tested for a positive association between ethnic fractionalization and corruption. It is then shown that tolerance offsets this effect through both direct and indirect effects on corruption. In order to analyse the indirect effects, the level of income and the freedom of the press are selected as channels, since these represent two determinants of corruption that are linked to tolerance. Moreover, tolerance and corruption have been modelled as composites. Consequently, Partial Least Squares path modelling (PLS-PM) has been used. For our sample, an index of tolerance towards immigrants and people of different race and an index of corruption are constructed, for which several sources are jointly utilised. Our results appear to indicate that the adverse effect of ethnic fractionalization on corruption is offset by tolerance, which reduces corruption not only directly but also indirectly through the level of income and the freedom of the press

Propuesta para comercialización de equipos de telefonía móvil por parte de CELISTICS COLOMBIA a través del canal de ventas de Colombia TELEFÓNICA MOVISTAR

64 páginasThis project consists of the presentation of a proposal to CELISTICS COLOMBIA SAS for the commercialization of mobile equipment through the sales channel of TELEFONICA MOVISTAR in order to increase revenues and profits for the logistics operator (CELISTICS), improving the supply of inventory In the direct points of Movistar in Colombia, where the high time has been identified for the processing of purchase orders by the latter, this creates new sources of income and profitability that allow Celistics Colombia to be sustainable over time and Offer additional services with a high level of value generation towards its main clientEste proyecto consiste en la presentación de una propuesta hacia CELISTICS COLOMBIA SAS para la comercialización de equipos móviles a través del canal de ventas de TELEFONICA MOVISTAR con el obieto de incrementar los ingresos y beneficios para el operador logístico (CELISTICS), mejorando el abastecimiento de inventario en los puntos directos de Movistar en Colombia, en donde se ha identificado los altos tiempos para el procesamiento de órdenes de compra por parte de este, lo anterior genera nuevas fuentes de ingreso y rentabilidad que le permitan a Celistics Colombia ser sostenible en el tiempo y ofrecer servicios adicionales con un alto nivel de generación de valor hacia su cliente principal.Especialista en Gerencia con Énfasis en Logística y Comercio InternacionalEspecializació

Periodismo ciudadano como herramienta de comunicación para un municipio

La presente investigación tiene como eje fundamental comprender la manera en la que funciona, en la actualidad, el periodismo ciudadano, desde las herramientas que ofrece la web 2.0, para recuperar y fortalecer la identidad del municipio de Guachetá, Cundinamarca. La propuesta metodológica de la investigación es de carácter mixto y se desarrolla en dos fases: la primera, soportada en la compilación de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos, cuyo eje es la población del municipio; y la segunda, mediante elementos vinculados con la indagación etnográfica, en el territorio. Uno de los hallazgos fundamentales de la indagación es que, efectivamente, al ser variable la manera en que las personas asumen su identidad cultural, se vinculan o no con las cuestiones más importantes del municipio. Al adquirirse nuevas rutinas, incorporándolas a los diferentes roles, como ciudadano, familiar, habitante, se debilita el rol que el periodismo ciudadano puede jugar en la realidad, más allá de los avances tecnológicos. Teniendo en cuenta, además, que el uso y la apropiación del periodismo ciudadano es aún incipiente en Guachetá, como se podrá evidenciar a lo largo de la investigación, una de las acciones propuestas, de cara al futuro, es la realización de una serie de charlas, dirigidas a la comunidad guachetuna, con el fin de enseñarle cuáles son las virtudes y la importancia del periodismo ciudadano, cómo opera, quiénes lo pueden realizar y por medio de cuáles herramientas se puede difundir.The main objective of this research is to understand the way in which citizen journalism works, from the tools offered by Web 2.0, to recover and strengthen the identity of the municipality of Guachetá, Cundinamarca. 6 The methodological proposal of the research is of a mixed nature and is developed in two phases: the first, supported in the compilation of qualitative and quantitative data, whose axis is the population of the municipality; and the second, through elements linked to ethnographic inquiry, in the territory. One of the fundamental findings of the inquiry is that, in fact, as the way in which people assume their cultural identity is variable, they are linked or not with the most important issues of the municipality. By acquiring new routines, incorporating them to different roles, as a citizen, family member, inhabitant, the role that citizen journalism can play in reality is weakened, beyond technological advances. Taking into account, in addition, that the use and appropriation of citizen journalism is still incipient in Guachetá, as will be evident throughout the investigation, one of the proposed actions, in the future, is the realization of a series of talks, addressed to the Guachetun community, in order to teach you about the virtues and importance of citizen journalism, how it operates, who can do it and through which tools it can be disseminated

Home country institutions and outward fdi: An exploratory analysis in emerging economies

Although the internationalization of economies is driven by specific industry conditions or business-specific differences, the institutions that exist as background conditions directly determine firms’ strategies and interactions in the international environment. This paper contributes to the discussion on the relationship between institutional quality and outward FDI (OFDI). We used 30 indicators in 48 emerging economies in the period 2007–2017; we collected the indicators from alternative secondary sources. After we applied Factor Analysis, six factors were retained. We named the components as follows: “Transparency of government” (F1), “Research, development and innovation, R&D+I” (F2), “Inequality” (F3), “Rules on inward FDI (IFDI)” (F4), “Education and training” (F5), and “Financial market” (F6). The panel data model outcomes suggest that Factor 2, Research, development and innovation, has a significant and positive effect on OFDI. Factor 6, the Financial market, has a significant and negative effect on OFDI. When we include lagged values of OFDI stocks the results also show that the government measures transparency positively and significantly affects OFDI stocks. These findings imply that the institutional environment creates two streams of OFDI: leverage and escapism

Effects of Institutional Reforms on Women's Representation in Colombia, 1960–2014

Starting in the 1990s, reforms aimed at addressing the underrepresentation of women have been implemented in Colombia. However, research on the consequences of these reforms has been inconclusive. This article analyzes the influence of institutional variables on the proportion of nominated and elected women in Colombia between 1962 and 2014, at both the national and local levels of government, in three different institutional environments. Results confirm the influence of institutional change, indicating that decentralizing reforms and the introduction of the gender quota have had a positive impact on the proportion of women's candidacies and elections, but that the adoption of the open list negatively affected the percentage of elected women. Copyright © 2017 University of Miam