The many growing migratory flows render our societies increasingly heterogeneous. From
the point of view of social welfare, achieving all the positive effects of diversity appears as a challenge
for our societies. Nevertheless, while it is true that ethnolinguistic diversity involves costs and
benefits, at a country level it seems that the former are greater than the latter, even more so when
income inequality between ethnic groups is taken into account. In this respect, there is a vast literature
at a macro level that shows that ethnolinguistic fragmentation induces lower income, which leads to
the conclusion that part of the difference in income observed between countries can be attributed to
their different levels of fragmentation. This paper presents primary evidence of the role of education
in mitigating the adverse effects of ethnolinguistic fractionalization on the level of income. While the
results show a negative association between fragmentation and income for all indices of diversity,
the attainment of a certain level of education, especially secondary and tertiary, manages to reverse
the sign of the marginal effect of ethnolinguistic fractionalization on income level. Since current
societies are increasingly diverse, these results could have major economic policy implications