20 research outputs found
Sobre la presencia de Orobanche pubescens d'Urv. (Orobanchaceae) en la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica
Se confirma para España y la PenĂnsula IbĂ©rica la presencia de Orobanche pubescens d?Urv. Se presenta una ilustraciĂłn y un mapa de distribuciĂłn
Consequences of the cessation of 3000 years of grazing on dry Mediterranean grassland ground-active beetle assemblages
Responses of reptile populations to the eradication of the Roof Rat (Rattus rattus) on Bagaud Island (Port-Cros National Park, Var, France)
En 2011, une opĂ©ration dâĂ©radications simultanĂ©es de 2 taxa exotiques envahissants, le Rat noir (Rattus rattus) et les Griffes de sorciĂšre (Carpobrotus spp.) a Ă©tĂ© entreprise sur lâĂźle de Bagaud, rĂ©serve intĂ©grale situĂ©e au sein du Parc national de Port Cros, dans le sud-est de la France. Un contrĂŽle rĂ©alisĂ© en 2014 a permis de conclure au succĂšs de lâĂ©radication de R. rattus. LâĂ©radication de Carpobrotus spp., quant Ă elle, est encore en cours. Afin de connaĂźtre les effets de lâopĂ©ration dâĂ©radication de R. rattus sur les populations de reptiles de lâĂźle (la Couleuvre de Montpellier Malpolon monspessulanus, le Phyllodactyle dâEurope Euleptes europaea, le LĂ©zard des murailles Podarcis muralis), un suivi prĂ©-Ă©radication a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© en 2010 et 2011, et reconduit post-Ă©radication, en 2013 et 2014. LâĂ©chantillonnage pratiquĂ© a Ă©tĂ© semi-quantitatif selon trois mĂ©thodes : (1) trois transects de 80 m de long sur 2 m de large ; (2) deux quadrats de 1225 mÂČ ; (3) cinq microsites rocheux Ă E. europaea. TrĂšs peu dâindividus de M. monspessulanus ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s. Des rĂ©sultats significatifs ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©s seulement pour E. europaea : aprĂšs Ă©radication, le nombre de juvĂ©niles observĂ©s a augmentĂ© et lâensemble des individus observĂ©s, quelle que soit leur classe dâĂąge, lâont Ă©tĂ© plus hors que dans des abris. Ces rĂ©sultats peuvent sâexpliquer par la perte du comportement dâĂ©vitement que E. europaea avait en prĂ©sence de R. rattus et par une pression de prĂ©dation plus faible, les deux espĂšces Ă©tant nocturnes. Le temps Ă©coulĂ© depuis lâĂ©radication de R. rattus est assez court et certaines espĂšces nâont pas encore nĂ©cessairement rĂ©agi de façon visible sur le plan dĂ©mographique. Les suivis complĂ©mentaires dans les annĂ©es Ă venir apporteront dâautres Ă©lĂ©ments dâinformation.An eradication of two invasive taxa, the Roof Rat (Rattus rattus) and Ice plants (Carpobrotus spp.), was undertaken in 2011 and 2012 on the protected nature reserve of Bagaud island, located in Port-Cros national Park (south-eastern France). R. rattus eradication was successful while Carpobrotus spp. eradication is still in progress. To assess the effects of R. rattus eradication on island reptile populations (Montpellier Snake Malpolon monspessulanus, European Leaf-toed Gecko Euleptes europaea, Common Wall Lizard Podarcis muralis), a pre-eradication monitoring was conducted in 2010 and 2011, and a post-eradication monitoring in 2013 and 2014. Census was performed with three semi-quantitative methods: (1) three transects of 80 m long and 2 m wide ; (2) two quadrats 1225 mÂČ; (3) five rocky microsites, habitats for E. europaea. Very few individuals of M. monspessulanus were observed. Significant results were obtained only for E. europaea: after eradication, the number of observed juveniles increased and all observed individuals, independently of their age groups, were more outside shelters than inside. These results can be explained by the loss of avoidance behaviour that E. europaea displayed when in presence of R. rattus, and by lower predation pressure, given that both species are nocturnal. The elapsed time since eradication of R. rattus is quite short and some species have not necessarily visibly responded demographically. Additional monitoring in the coming years will provide further insights
Ecological restoration and rewilding: two approaches with complementary goals?
As we enter the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021â2030) and address the urgent need to protect and restore ecosystems and their ecological functions at large scales, rewilding has been brought into the limelight. Interest in this discipline is thus increasing, with a large number of conceptual scientific papers published in recent years. Increasing enthusiasm has led to discussions and debates in the scientific community about the differences between ecological restoration and rewilding. The main goal of this review is to compare and clarify the position of each field. Our results show that despite some differences (e.g. top-down versus bottom-up and functional versus taxonomic approaches) and notably with distinct goals â recovery of a defined historically determined target ecosystem versus recovery of natural processes with often no target endpoint â ecological restoration and rewilding have a common scope: the recovery of ecosystems following anthropogenic degradation. The goals of ecological restoration and rewilding have expanded with the progress of each field. However, it is unclear whether there is a paradigm shift with ecological restoration moving towards rewilding or vice versa. We underline the complementarity in time and in space of ecological restoration and rewilding. To conclude, we argue that reconciliation of these two fields of nature conservation to ensure complementarity could create a synergy to achieve their common scope
Resilience of the native flora on a Mediterranean island after eradication of ice plant (Carpobrotus spp.)
Les invasions dâespĂšces Ă©tant considĂ©rĂ©es comme une menace majeure vis-Ă -vis des espĂšces indigĂšnes, particuliĂšrement pour les systĂšmes insulaires, les programmes dâĂ©radication des espĂšces invasives constituent une des alternatives pour la prĂ©servation de la biodiversitĂ©. Dans ce contexte, les gestionnaires du Parc national de Port-Cros (PNPC) ont lancĂ© en 2010, un programme de contrĂŽle manuel sur 2 ha des Griffes de sorciĂšre (Carpobrotus sp. Aizoaceae), plantes invasives dans le bassin mĂ©diterranĂ©en et, particuliĂšrement, sur lâĂźle de Bagaud (Var, France). Les changements temporels des communautĂ©s vĂ©gĂ©tales (i.e., richesse spĂ©cifique et recouvrement vĂ©gĂ©tal) ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s au sein de placettes permanentes (100 mÂČ et 16 mÂČ) avant (2010-2011) et aprĂšs Ă©radication (2013-2014) de Carpobrotus sp. Ces communautĂ©s en cours de restauration sont Ă©galement comparĂ©es Ă des communautĂ©s vĂ©gĂ©tales indigĂšnes de lâĂźle, qualifiĂ©es de rĂ©fĂ©rence. La richesse spĂ©cifique et le recouvrement vĂ©gĂ©tal de la flore indigĂšne augmentent considĂ©rablement Ă partir de 2013 du fait de la germination de la banque de graines des plantes indigĂšnes. En zone littorale, la reprise de la flore indigĂšne, comprenant des communautĂ©s halo-rĂ©sistantes, semble plus rapide que dans lâintĂ©rieur de lâĂźle, comprenant Ă la fois des espĂšces de matorral bas et halonitrophiles. Les opĂ©rations de contrĂŽle doivent inclure un suivi temporel des rĂ©ponses des plantes indigĂšnes pour savoir si la reprise est transitoire ou durable dans le cadre de la restauration dâĂ©cosystĂšmes dĂ©gradĂ©s ou de la conservation dâespĂšces menacĂ©es.Species invasions are considered as a major threat relative to native species, especially for island systems. Eradication programs of invasive species are an alternative for the preservation of island's native biodiversity. In this context, the managers of the Port-Cros national Park have implemented in 2010 a 2 ha manual control program of ice plant (Carpobrotus sp., Aizoaceae), invasive in the Mediterranean basin and, particularly, on the island of Bagaud (Var, France). Temporal changes of plant communities (i.e. species richness and plant cover) were analysed in permanent plots (100 mÂČ and 16 mÂČ) before (2010-2011) and after (2013-2014) Carpobrotus sp. eradication. These plant communities were also compared with native reference plant communities of this island. Species richness and plant cover of native flora significantly increased in 2013 due to the germination of native plants seed bank. On coastal sites, the recovery of native flora is faster and matches with the halo-resistant reference plant community. On inland sites, the recovery of native flora includes low matorral and halonitrophilous species. Invasive species control must include monitoring through time of native plant species to find out whether recovery is transient or long lasting in the context of degraded ecosystems restoration or threatened species conservation
LâĂ©cologie de la restauration en France. Dynamique actuelle et rĂŽle dâun rĂ©seau multi-acteurs, REVER
Depuis quelques dĂ©cennies, les opĂ©rations de restauration Ă©cologique et lâĂ©cologie de la restauration sont en plein essor. Cette tendance sâexplique notamment par lâintroduction dans les rĂ©glementations et les politiques publiques dâobligations de rĂ©paration, de restauration ou de reconquĂȘte de la biodiversitĂ©. Par ailleurs, la redĂ©couverte de la sĂ©quence «âĂviter, RĂ©duire et Compenserâ» (ERC) inscrite dans la loi de 1976 et confortĂ©e par celle de 2016, les directives europĂ©ennes «âHabitatsâ» ou «âCadre sur lâEauâ» et diffĂ©rentes politiques (Ânationales ou locales) ou Âprogrammes incitatifs mis en place notamment dans les annĂ©es 1990 et 2000 ont conduit Ă la gĂ©nĂ©ralisation de ces pratiques et au dĂ©veloppement de la recherche en Ă©cologie de la restauration. Les opĂ©rations de restauration ou de rĂ©habilitation sont nĂ©anmoins Ă©galement confrontĂ©es Ă des cadres administratifs, socio-Ă©conomiques ou techniques qui peuvent parfois constituer de rĂ©els freins. Ainsi les travaux de gĂ©nie Ă©cologique parfois importants impliquent dâenvisager leurs impacts potentiellement nĂ©gatifs pour la biodiversitĂ© via des procĂ©dures plus ou moins lourdes. La prise en compte des usages (frĂ©quentation, pĂȘche, etc.) et des perceptions locales est Ă©galement un facteur important pour la rĂ©ussite de la restauration. Sur le modĂšle des rĂ©seaux internationaux (ex. International Society for Ecological Restoration â SERi), le RĂ©seau dâĂchanges et de Valorisation en Ăcologie de la Restauration (REVER) vise Ă accompagner et favoriser le dĂ©veloppement des activitĂ©s de restauration en facilitant les liens entre acteurs scientifiques, techniques et gestionnaires ainsi que les Ă©changes de savoirs et expĂ©riences. Parmi ces actions, lâorganisation des «âColloques ou journĂ©es-atelier REVERâ» est un Ă©lĂ©ment fort pour tous les acteurs francophones qui Ćuvrent dans le domaine de la restauration Ă©cologique. La diversitĂ© des communications, de mĂȘme que celle des participants, illustre la diversitĂ© des acteurs de la restauration Ă©cologique et de lâĂ©cologie de la restauration en France.In the past few decades, ecological restoration and restoration ecology have widely developed. This trend can be explained by a rather favourable context, in particular legally speaking and regulatory framework-wise both at the European and nation-wide levels. Rediscovering the mitigation hierarchy "Avoid, Minimize, Restore" (ERC â Ăviter, RĂ©duire, Compenser) written in the 1976 French law, and implementing the E.U. habitats directives or the E.U. water framework directive and various nation-wide or local incentive policies or programs set up between 1990 and 2000, led to the development of restoration practice and research. Restoration or Ârehabilitation projects are nevertheless also confronted with administrative, socio-economic or technical obligations that can become real brakes. Thus, the sometimes important works realized imply to take into account their impacts (which can potentially be negative for biodiversity) through more or less heavy procedures. Considering local practices (recreation, fishing, etc.) and perceptions is also important for restoration success. Following the model of international networks, such as the International Society for Ecological Restoration (SERi), the francophone network for ecological restoration (REVER) aims at accompanying and at favouring the development of restoration by facilitating the relationships between the various stakeholders: scientists, site managers, etc., through the exchanges of knowledge and experiences. Among its actions, REVER organises workshops, the sixth edition of which was organised in Strasbourg in March 2015. The diversity of the communications as well as of the participants illustrates the diversity of ecological restoration and restoration ecology stakeholders in France.</p
2008-2019, plus dâune dĂ©cennie dâĂ©changes et de dĂ©bats autour de la restauration Ă©cologique en France
International audience2008-2019, more than a decade of exchanges and debates around ecological restoration in France.The REVER 10 conference âRestoring or recoveringâ organized by MNHN (National Museum of Natural History) and REVER association in March 2019, was an opportunity to review the development of restoration ecology and ecological restoration, as the âDecade of Ecosystem Res-torationâ was being proclaimed by the UN. In France, the development of ecological restoration has been guided by the REVER association, a network created in 2008, on the model of the SER (Society for Ecological Restoration). It contributes to organizing annual conferences, promotes exchanges between technical and scientific stakeholders and the diffusion of knowledge, con-cepts and practices. These exchanges were particularly important at a time when, over the same period, research and feedbacks from restoration projects had been leading to an evolution and a strengthening of concepts through numerous scientific debates around, in particular, the notion of reference ecosystems, novel ecosystems and passive restoration. Today more than ever, even if conservation must remain a priority, the challenges we face in ecological restoration make it es-sential to strengthen both the acquisition of knowledge and restoration actions. Thus, scientific dissemination, the design of evaluation tools and of decision support systems and exchanges around restoration project feedbacks remain essential in which REVER along with international structures have an undeniable role to play.Le colloque REVER 10 «âRestaurer ou reconquĂ©rirâ» organisĂ© en mars 2019 par le MNHN et lâassociation REVER, a Ă©tĂ© lâoccasion de faire un point dâĂ©tape sur le dĂ©veloppement de lâĂ©cologie de la restauration et de la restauration Ă©cologique, au moment oĂč dĂ©bute la «âdĂ©cennie de la restauration des Ă©cosystĂšmesâ» dĂ©crĂ©tĂ©e par lâONU. En France, le dĂ©veloppement de la restauration Ă©cologique a Ă©tĂ© accompagnĂ©e par le rĂ©seau REVER crĂ©Ă© en 2008 sur le modĂšle de la SER (Society for Ecological Restoration) qui favorise, notamment par lâorganisation de colloques annuels, les Ă©changes entre acteurs techniques et scientifiques ainsi que la circulation des connaissances, des concepts et des pratiques. Ces Ă©changes ont Ă©tĂ© particuliĂšrement importants au moment oĂč, sur la mĂȘme pĂ©riode, la recherche et les retours dâexpĂ©riences ont conduit Ă une Ă©volution et Ă un confortement des concepts par de nombreux dĂ©bats scientifiques autour notamment des notions dâĂ©cosystĂšmes de rĂ©fĂ©rence, de nouveaux Ă©cosystĂšmes et de restauration passive. Aujourdâhui plus que jamais, mĂȘme si la prĂ©servation doit rester une prioritĂ©, les enjeux de la restauration rendent indispensable le renforcement tant de lâacquisition de connaissances que de lâaction. Ainsi la diffusion scientifique, la construction dâoutils dâĂ©valuation et dâaide Ă la dĂ©cision et les Ă©changes autour de retours dâexpĂ©riences restent primordiaux et le rĂ©seau REVER, en lien avec les structures internationales, a un rĂŽle indĂ©niable Ă jouer
Dynamique dâune communautĂ© dâadventices dans un champ de cĂ©rĂ©ales crĂ©Ă© aprĂšs le labour dâune prairie semi-naturelle : rĂŽles de la banque de graines permanente
Devenir enseignant contractuel dans le second degrĂ©. Recrutement, sĂ©lections et segmentations sur un marchĂ© secondaire de lâemploi public
International audienc
Permanent and Contract Teaching Jobs in France. Growing Dualization and Segmentation of Employment Within State Regulation
International audienc