Basics Telecommunication System Covers Working Principles and Emerging Problems

This article discusses the basics of the telecommunications system covering developments, working principles and emerging problems in telecommunications. The telecommunications system is all elements of both telecommunications infrastructure, equipment, facilities and infrastructure, as well as telecommunications operators, so that long-distance communication can be carried out. During the journey the information will pass through various media with different characteristics. So that it allows the occurrence of high delays and large packet loss, all of which will reduce the quality of the information received. The quality of the transmission medium determines the quality of the information received. Because as long as it is in the media, it is certain that the information will experience damping which will reduce the quality of the information. In order to communicate properly, the channel provided is not only physical media but also logical lines (frequency channels), considering that these frequency channels are expensive and limited

A new species of Coptocheilus Gould, 1862 (formerly Schistoloma Kobelt, 1902) from Vietnam (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoroidea: Pupinidae)

Fig. 1. A, C, holotype of Coptocheilus maunautim, new species (MNHN-IM-2000-35697), with "double suture" indicated by arrows; B, D, Coptocheilus messageri (SMF 192263) with simple suture indicated with an arrow. Scale a represents 10 mm and refers to fig. A and B, scale b represents 5 mm and refers to fig. C and D.Published as part of Bui, Chinh Thi & Páll-Gergely, Barna, 2020, A new species of Coptocheilus Gould, 1862 (formerly Schistoloma Kobelt, 1902) from Vietnam (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoroidea: Pupinidae), pp. 448-451 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68 on page 449, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0061, http://zenodo.org/record/457690

Risk Assessment Overview

Risk assessment is used in many industries to identify and manage risks. Initially developed for use on aeronautical and nuclear systems, risk assessment has been applied to transportation, chemical, computer, financial, and security systems among others. It is used to gain an understanding of the weaknesses or vulnerabilities in a system so modification can be made to increase operability, efficiency, and safety and to reduce failure and down-time. Risk assessment results are primary inputs to risk-informed decision making; where risk information including uncertainty is used along with other pertinent information to assist management in the decision-making process. Therefore, to be useful, a risk assessment must be directed at specific objectives. As the world embraces the globalization of trade and manufacturing, understanding the associated risk become important to decision making. Applying risk assessment techniques to a global system of development, manufacturing, and transportation can provide insight into how the system can fail, the likelihood of system failure and the consequences of system failure. The risk assessment can identify those elements that contribute most to risk and identify measures to prevent and mitigate failures, disruptions, and damaging outcomes. In addition, risk associated with public and environment impact can be identified. The risk insights gained can be applied to making decisions concerning suitable development and manufacturing locations, supply chains, and transportation strategies. While risk assessment has been mostly applied to mechanical and electrical systems, the concepts and techniques can be applied across other systems and activities. This paper provides a basic overview of the development of a risk assessment

Chemical cleavage reactions of DNA on solid support: application in mutation detection

BACKGROUND: The conventional solution-phase Chemical Cleavage of Mismatch (CCM) method is time-consuming, as the protocol requires purification of DNA after each reaction step. This paper describes a new version of CCM to overcome this problem by immobilizing DNA on silica solid supports. RESULTS: DNA test samples were loaded on to silica beads and the DNA bound to the solid supports underwent chemical modification reactions with KMnO(4 )(potassium permanganate) and hydroxylamine in 3M TEAC (tetraethylammonium chloride) solution. The resulting modified DNA was then simultaneously cleaved by piperidine and removed from the solid supports to afford DNA fragments without the requirement of DNA purification between reaction steps. CONCLUSIONS: The new solid-phase version of CCM is a fast, cost-effective and sensitive method for detection of mismatches and mutations

International Space Station Active Thermal Control Sub-System On-Orbit Pump Performance and Reliability Using Liquid Ammonia as a Coolant

The International Space Station (ISS) contains two Active Thermal Control Sub-systems (ATCS) that function by using a liquid ammonia cooling system collecting waste heat and rejecting it using radiators. These subsystems consist of a number of heat exchangers, cold plates, radiators, the Pump and Flow Control Subassembly (PFCS), and the Pump Module (PM), all of which are Orbital Replaceable Units (ORU's). The PFCS provides the motive force to circulate the ammonia coolant in the Photovoltaic Thermal Control Subsystem (PVTCS) and has been in operation since December, 2000. The Pump Module (PM) circulates liquid ammonia coolant within the External Active Thermal Control Subsystem (EATCS) cooling the ISS internal coolant (water) loops collecting waste heat and rejecting it through the ISS radiators. These PM loops have been in operation since December, 2006. This paper will discuss the original reliability analysis approach of the PFCS and Pump Module, comparing them against the current operational performance data for the ISS External Thermal Control Loops

Knowledge-based extraction of adverse drug events from biomedical text

Background: Many biomedical relation extraction systems are machine-learning based and have to be trained on large annotated corpora that are expensive and cumbersome to construct. We developed a knowledge-based relation extraction system that requires minimal training data, and applied the system for the extraction of adverse drug events from biomedical text. The system consists of a concept recognition module that identifies drugs and adverse effects in sentences, and a knowledg

Study of Using Cassava Pulp to Produce Livestock Feed Pellet

In Vietnam, the cassava production capacity is about 10 million tons annually. Indeed, it eliminates approximate 4 million tons of cassava pulp from the cassava starch factories. This amount of cassava is usually dried to feed cattle or fertilizer. However, drying of cassava pulp has its disadvantages such as air pollution, difficult storage and transportation. This study has proposed and successfully tested a line of equipment used to produce pellets from the utilization of fresh cassava pulp bringing from cassava starch processing plants. The processing includes a mixing of fresh cassava pulp with dried cassava starch, pressing and drying of pellets. The experiment results show that when the mixing ratio between cassava starch and cassava residue is 1:10 – 1:5, the cassava pulp pellets after drying achieved the required technical specifications. Hence, it has high volume density, the dried specific weight of the pellets is about 700 kg / m3, the breaking strength of the pellets is greater than 2 kG, the tanning time of the pellets is greater than 116 minutes in water, the moisture content of the pellets is remained in 13% after drying in 5-5.5 hours

A new record of Impatiens kamtilongensis Toppin (Balsaminaceae) for Vietnam flora

Impatiens kamtilongensis Toppin (Balsaminaceae), collected from Xuan Lien district, Thanh Hoa province is reported here as a new record for the flora of Vietnam. I. kamtilongensis can be distinguished from its closest ally I. finetii by its hairy white stem, yellow flowers having 2 red blotches, bigger sepals and glabrous capsule. The specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (HN) Ha Noi, Vietnam. Morphological redescription and illustrations are provided along with notes on distribution, ecology, phenology and conservation of the species

Study on the effect of processing methods on the total polyphenol, 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilben-2-O-β-D-glucoside, and physcion contents in Fallopia multiflora Thunb. Haraldson root

This study investigated the changes in the ingredients in Fallopia multiflora Thunb. Haraldson (FMT) root after processing it with different methods such as soaking, stewing, and steaming or combined methods. The total polyphenol, 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilben-2-O-β-D-glucoside (THSG), and physcion contents in FMT products after processing were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) methods. The results demonstrated that the processing method and time significantly affected the contents of polyphenol, THSG, and physcion. The physcion and total polyphenol content increased or decreased during processing depending upon the processing time, while the THSG content gradually decreased with an increase in the processing time. The content of physcion (a substance that can cause liver toxicity) was analysed, and the suitable conditions for processing of the FMT products were determined as initial soaking in rice swill for 24 h and subsequent stewing with black beans and water for 12 h