Estudio de la mineralización ósea en pacientes diagnosticados de anorexia nerviosa en la edad pediátrica

El estado nutricional desempeña un papel primario en la génesis, el desarrollo y la recuperación de la pérdida de densidad mineral ósea en los pacientes con anorexia nerviosa. Por ello, se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo para analizar la valoración nutricional de los pacientes con anorexia nerviosa restrictivas que han precisado ingreso hospitalario, que incluye indicadores antropométricos, bioquímicos del estado nutricional y hormonal, y hemos establecido su influencia en la osteopenia que presentan estas pacientes

Associations between pedometer-determined physical activity and adiposity in children and adolescents: Systematic review

The present review sought to examine the recent evidence on associations between objectively physical activity determined by pedometer and adiposity. A search for observational studies was carried out using database Pubmed in May 2013. Of 278 potentially eligible papers, 34 papers were included. Most studies (28/34; 82%) were crosssectional and all used proxies for adiposity, such as body mass index (BMI) or BMI z-score as the outcome measure. Few studies (9%; 3/34) focused on pre-school children. There was consistent evidence of negative associations between pedometer-determined physical activity and adiposity: significant negative associations were observed in 24/34 (71%) of studies overall. The present review supports the hypothesis that higher levels of habitual physical activity are protective against child and adolescent obesity. However, prospective longitudinal studies are warranted; there is a need for more research on younger children, and for more ‘dose-response’ evidence

Epidemiología de los trastornos del ritmo cardíaco en una población infantil

Introducción y objetivos: los trastornos del ritmo cardíaco entre la población pediátrica son poco frecuentes, y aunque la mayor parte de ellos son leves y no necesitan tratamiento, existen algunos trastornos importantes cuyas consecuencias pueden ser fatales si no se diagnostican y se tratan. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la frecuencia y epidemiología en general de las arritmias cardíacas entre la población infantil. Material y métodos: analizamos la presencia de arritmia en 286 pacientes. Se obtuvieron los datos de aquellos pacientes que consultaron en Cardiología Infantil por sospecha de alteración del ritmo cardíaco. Determinamos la incidencia de estas enfermedades en los pacientes que consultaban por primera vez mediante la revisión de las historias clínicas. Resultados: entre los 286 pacientes que consultaron por posible arritmia cardíaca, en 133 (un 46,5%) se detectaron alteraciones del ritmo. La distribución fue la siguiente: extrasístoles (auriculares y ventriculares) 77 (57,8%); taquicardias paroxísticas supraventriculares, 29 (21,8%); bradicardia, 10 (7,5%); bloqueos auriculoventriculares, 6 (4,5%); taquicardia ventricular, 1 (0,7%). Conclusiones: sa mayor parte de los pacientes derivados a la consulta de Cardiología, lo hacen desde los Centros de Salud. El 53,5% de los pacientes estudiados por sospecha de patología fueron diagnosticados de normofunción (en cuanto al ritmo cardíaco). Al 100% de los pacientes se le realizó un ECG para llegar al diagnóstico. Un 85,7% precisó además la realización de Holter, y solo 17 pacientes (12,6%) precisaron una ergometría. De entre todos los pacientes, la arritmia más frecuente encontrada fue la taquicardia paroxística supraventricular, sin tener en cuenta el hallazgo de extrasístoles, tanto auriculares como ventriculares. Del total, 22 pacientes precisaron iniciar tratamiento médico, y 13 de éstos además tuvieron que ser derivados a hospitales de referencia para tratamiento intervencionista, 11 para ablación y 2 para implantación de desfibrilador automático implantable

Comparison of Biofilm and Attachment Mechanisms of a Phytopathological and Clinical Isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Some bacterial species can colonize humans and plants. It is almost impossible to prevent the contact of clinically pathogenic bacteria with food crops, and if they can persist there, they can reenter the human food chain and cause disease. On the leaf surface, microorganisms are exposed to a number of stress factors. It is unclear how they survive in such different environments. By increasing adhesion to diverse substrates, minimizing environmental differences, and providing protection against defence mechanisms, biofilms could provide part of the answer. Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae is clinically important and also associated with fruit diseases, such as “pineapple fruit collapse.” We aimed to characterize biofilm formation and adhesion mechanisms of this species isolated from pineapple in comparison with a clinical isolate. No differences were found between the two isolates quantitatively or qualitatively. Both tested positive for capsule formation and were hydrophobic, but neither produced adherence fibres, which might account for their relatively weak adhesion compared to the positive control Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984. Both produced biofilms on glass and polystyrene, more consistently at 40°C than 35°C, confirmed by atomic force and high-vacuum scanning electron microscopy. Biofilm formation was maintained in an acidic environment, which may be relevant phytopathologically

Peritumoral immune infiltrates in primary tumours are not associated with the presence of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study

Background. The axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) in breast cancer patients are the body regions to where tumoral cells most often first disseminate. The tumour immune response is important for breast cancer patient outcome, and some studies have evaluated its involvement in ALN metastasis development. Most studies have focused on the intratumoral immune response, but very few have evaluated the peritumoral immune response. The aim of the present article is to evaluate the immune infiltrates of the peritumoral area and their association with the presence of ALN metastases. Methods. The concentration of 11 immune markers in the peritumoral areas was studied in 149 patients diagnosed with invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (half of whom had ALN metastasis at diagnosis) using tissue microarrays, immunohistochemistry and digital image analysis procedures. The differences in the concentration of the immune response of peritumoral areas between patients diagnosed with and without metastasis in their ALNs were evaluated. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to identify the clinical-pathological variables and the peritumoral immune markers independently associated with having or not having ALN metastases at diagnosis. Results. No statistically significant differences were found in the concentrations of the 11 immune markers between patients diagnosed with or without ALN metastases. Patients with metastases in their ALNs had a higher histological grade, more lymphovascular and perineural invasion and larger-diameter tumours. The multivariate analysis, after validation by bootstrap simulation, revealed that only tumour diameter (OR = 1.04; 95% CI [1.00-1.07]; p = 0.026), lymphovascular invasion (OR = 25.42; 95% CI [9.57-67.55]; p<0.001) and histological grades 2 (OR = 3.84; 95% CI [1.11-13.28]; p = 0.033) and 3 (OR = 5.18; 95% CI [1.40-19.17]; p = 0.014) were associated with the presence of ALN metastases at diagnosis. This study is one of the first to study the association of the peritumoral immune response with ALN metastasis. We did not find any association of peritumoral immune infiltrates with the presence of ALN metastasis. Nevertheless, this does not rule out the possibility that other peritumoral immune populations are associated with ALN metastasis. This matter needs to be examined in greater depth, broadening the types of peritumoral immune cells studied, and including new peritumoral areas, such as the germinal centres of the peritumoral tertiary lymphoid structures found in extensively infiltrated neoplastic lesions

Clinical relevance of postzygotic mosaicism in Cornelia de Lange syndrome and purifying selection of NIPBL variants in blood

Postzygotic mosaicism (PZM) in NIPBL is a strong source of causality for Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) that can have major clinical implications. Here, we further delineate the role of somatic mosaicism in CdLS by describing a series of 11 unreported patients with mosaic disease-causing variants in NIPBL and performing a retrospective cohort study from a Spanish CdLS diagnostic center. By reviewing the literature and combining our findings with previously published data, we demonstrate a negative selection against somatic deleterious NIPBL variants in blood. Furthermore, the analysis of all reported cases indicates an unusual high prevalence of mosaicism in CdLS, occurring in 13.1% of patients with a positive molecular diagnosis. It is worth noting that most of the affected individuals with mosaicism have a clinical phenotype at least as severe as those with constitutive pathogenic variants. However, the type of genetic change does not vary between germline and somatic events and, even in the presence of mosaicism, missense substitutions are located preferentially within the HEAT repeat domain of NIPBL. In conclusion, the high prevalence of mosaicism in CdLS as well as the disparity in tissue distribution provide a novel orientation for the clinical management and genetic counselling of families.Spanish Ministry of Health-ISCIII Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (FIS) [Ref. PI19/01860, to F.J.R. and J.P.]; Diputación General de Aragón-FEDER: European Social Fund [Grupo de Referencia B32_17R / B32_20R, to J.P.]. A.L-P is supported by a “Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación” postdoctoral grant from MICIU (Spanish Ministry of Science and Universities

Captación y distribución de agua para riego de pasturas en Chipauquil (Dpto Valcheta)

El objetivo del presente trabajo de experimentación y extensión consistió en mejorar la captación, conducción y distribución de agua de vertientes y la siembra de pasturas perennes en un mallín de la cuenca del arroyo Valcheta.EEA Valle InferiorFil: Gallego, Juan José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior; ArgentinaFil: Saber, Ciro Adrián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior; ArgentinaFil: Llampa, Julio Argentino .Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior. Agencia de Extensión Rural Valcheta; ArgentinaFil: Pallao, Horacio Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior; ArgentinaFil: Milipil, Diego Heriberto. Secretaría Agricultura Familiar. Argentina,Fil: Giovine, Pablo Martin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior; ArgenitnaFil: Zelmer, Hernán. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior; ArgentinaFil: Cariac, Germán. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior; ArgentinaFil: Bueno, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior. Agencia de Extensión Rural San Javier; ArgentinaFil: Molina, Roberto Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior. Agencia de Extensión Rural Valcheta; ArgentinaFil: Mora Jara, Gloria Ines. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior. Agencia de Extensión Rural Valcheta; ArgentinaFil: Cortes, Maria Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Valle Inferior. Agencia de Extensión Rural Valcheta; Argentin

New indices in predicting cardiometabolic risk and its relation to endothelial dysfunction in adolescents: The HELENA study

[Background and aims]: Blood pressure (BP) changes and insulin resistance (IR) are important cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors; their early identification can contribute to the reduction of cardiovascular events in adulthood. This necessitates the search for more accessible and easily applied indicators for their prediction. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the predictive power of the indices, TyG, TG/HDL-c, height-corrected lipid accumulation product (HLAP), and visceral adiposity index (VAI), in identifying the CMR obtained by high BP and IR and to verify their relationship with biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in European adolescents.[Methods and results]: The anthropometric data and blood biomarkers of 744 adolescents (343 boys and 401 girls) from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence Cross-Sectional Study (HELENA-CSS), with a mean age of 14.67 (SD 1.15) years, were assessed. The adolescents were then classified according to the presence or absence of high BP and IR. The cut-off points of the indices evaluated for the identification of CMR were determined. The relationship between CMR diagnosed using these indices and ED biomarkers was tested. The HLAP and TG/HDL-c were fair predictors of CMR obtained by IR in male adolescents. These indices showed association with hsCRP in sVCAM-1 in boys, but it lost significance after adjusting for age and body mass index.[Conclusion]: TG/HDL-c and HLAP indices showed a fair performance in predicting CMR, obtained by IR, in male adolescents. ED showed no association with the CMR identified by the indices.This work was supported by the European Community's Sixth RTD Framework Program (Contract FOOD-CT-2005-007034).Peer reviewe

Body composition changes during a multidisciplinary treatment programme in overweight adolescents: EVASYON Study

Resumen Introducción: el principal objetivo de las intervenciones de pérdida de peso es disminuir la masa grasa manteniendo la masa libre de grasa. Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención multidisciplinar en la composición corporal de adolescentes con sobrepeso, evaluados mediante diferentes métodos de composición corporal. Material y métodos: la intervención fue multidisciplinar sobre el estilo de vida, aplicada durante 13 meses. Los participantes eran adolescentes entre 13 y 16 años con sobrepeso y obesidad. Los adolescentes (n = 156; 54,8% mujeres) fueron evaluados mediante antropometría, absorciometría dual de rayos X y pletismografía por desplazamiento de aire. Todas las mediciones se realizaron al inicio, a los 2 y a los 13 meses. Se aplicaron análisis de la covarianza de medidas repetidas y la corrección de Bonferroni. Se realizó la imputación de las medidas antropométricas. Resultados: se logró una alta disminución significativa en el índice de masa grasa en los hombres después de 2 y 13 meses de intervención, según antropometría (1,16 y 1,56 kg/m2, respectivamente), absorciometría de rayos X (1,51 y 1,91 kg/m2) y pletismografía (2,13 y 2,44 kg/m2). Por otra parte, el mantenimiento a corto y largo plazo de la grasa y libre de grasa en el índice de masa fue observado por absorciometría de rayos X en las mujeres (0,94 y 0,68 kg/m2).Abstract Introduction: the main objectives of weight-loss interventions are to decrease fat mass while maintaining fatfree mass. Objective: our aim was to address effectiveness body composition changes in overweight adolescents assessed by different body composition methods following an obesity intervention programme. Material and methods: the life-style intervention was multi-disciplinary, with 13 months follow-up. Participants were 13-to-16 year-old overweight, or obese, Spanish adolescents. The adolescents (n = 156; 54.8% females) had body composition measured with anthropometry, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and air-displacement plethysmography. All measurements were made at baseline, and after 2- and 13-months. Repeated measures analysis of covariance to compare mean anthropometric changes over time and the Bonferroni correction were applied. Imputation of anthropometric measures was performed. Results: a high significant decrease in fat mass index was achieved in males after 2-and 13-months of intervention as measured by anthropometry (1.16 and 1.56 kg / m2, respectively), X-ray absorptiometry (1.51 and 1.91 kg / m2) and plethysmography (2.13 and 2.44 kg/m2). Moreover, a short and long-term maintenance of fat-and fat-free mass index was observed by X-ray absorptiometry in females (0.94 and 0.68 kg/m2)

Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts