Perbandingan Tindakan Massage Counterpressure dan Pemberian Dark Chocolate terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Haid (Dismenorea)

The purpose of this study was to see the comparison between the administration of Massage Counterpressure and the provision of dark chocolate to reduce menstrual pain (dysmenorrhoea). The design uses a quasi-experimental design with two groups of pretest and posttest with control group design. The results showed that in the dark chocolate and anti-pain medication group, massage counterressure and anti-pain medicine obtained ρ value of 0,000. there are significant differences before and after the administration of action. The results of the man whitney test found that there were differences between the 2 groups with a value of ρ value of 0,000. Conclusion, there is a difference of influence between the dark chocolate group and the counterpressure massage group on the intensity of menstrual pain. Giving 100 grams of dark chocolate for 2 days and anti-pain medication is more effective than a 20-minute counterpressure massage for 2 days and anti-pain medication for menstrual pain intensity.   Keywords: Dark Chocolate, Massage counterprssure, Menstrual pai

FAKTOR RISIKO ASUPAN ENERGI DAN RIWAYAT PENYAKIT INFEKSI TERHADAP STUNTING PADA BALITA 24-59 BULAN

Stunting is a condition of a child’s height below normal ( 2SD)  based on nutritional status according to WHO child growth standard, Indicates chronic malnutrition in early growth and development of life. In 2017, around 150,8 million children under five in the world were stunted, half of children from Asia (55%), while 39% live in Africa. The desaign of this research used a case control study. The population this study was all children aged 24-59 month in Guntur I health center. Sampling techniques using simple random sampling amounted to 32 case and 32 control, data were analyzed with Chi-Square. The results of the study showed that energy intake was a risk factor for stunting (p value 0,012 OR 4,259 95%CI 1,488-12,192) and infection desease is not a risk factor for stunting (p value 0,080 OR 4,324 95%CI 1,010,462-7,643). The results of the overall analysis showed that low intake energy was a risk factor for stunting in children aged 24-59 month

BEBERAPA FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA (Studi di Kecamatan Kalikajar Kabupaten Wonosobo)

Latar Belakang: Pneumonia merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas anak balita di dunia, dan penyebab ke dua kematian setelah diare di Indonesia. Kasus pneumonia pada balita di Kecamatan Kalikajar Kabupaten Wonosobo mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun dan belum diketahui faktor risikonya. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan faktor host, environment dan sosial ekonomi merupakan faktor risiko kejadian pneumonia pada balita. Metode: Desain studi adalah kasus kontrol. Populasi studi adalah balita di Kecamatan Kalikajar Kabupaten Wonosobo. Jumlah sampel 174 terdiri dari 87 kasus dan 87 kontrol yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Teknik pengambilan sampel kasus secara consecutive sampling dan sampel kontrol secara purposive sampling. Variabel yang diteliti yaitu imunisasi DTP-HB-Hib, status gizi, asi eksklusif, usia ibu, pengetahuan ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, praktek pencarian pengobatan ke sarana pelayanan kesehatan, kebiasaan ibu mencuci tangan, kebiasaan ibu membersihkan kamar balita, polusi udara, kondisi rumah dan status sosial ekonomi. Pengambilan data melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Analisis data secara bivariat dengan uji chi-square dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik ganda. Hasil : Faktor risiko kejadian pneumonia pada balita adalah tidak imunisasi DTPHB-Hib (aOR=2,84; 95%CI=1,24-6,49), ASI tidak eksklusif (aOR=2,55; 95%CI=1,20-5,42), pengetahuan ibu tentang pneumonia kurang (aOR=4,15; 95%CI=1,54-11,16), praktek pencarian pengobatan ibu ke sarana pelayanan kesehatan terlambat (aOR=2,42; 95%CI=1,06-5,54) dan kebiasaan ibu membersihkan kamar balita kurang baik (aOR=3,98; 95%CI=1,79-8,81). Probabilitas kejadian sebesar 95,4%. Simpulan : Faktor risiko kejadian pneumonia pada balita adalah tidak imunisasi DTP-HB-Hib, ASI tidak eksklusif, pengetahuan ibu tentang pneumonia kurang, pencarian pegobatan oleh ibu ke sarana pelayanan kesehatan terlambat dan kebiasaan ibu membersihkan kamar balita kurang baik. Kata kunci : pneumonia, faktor risiko, balita Background: Pneumonia has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years worldwide, and the second cause of mortality after diarrhea in Indonesia. The incidence of pneumonia in children under five years in Kalikajar District, Wonosobo tends increase every year and unknown for the risk factors. The aims of the research is to prove the risk factors of pneumonia of under five years children on the host, environments and socio economic aspects. Methods: This research was an observational case control design. The Study population were children under five years who visited Kalikajar Public Health centre 1 and 2 in Kalikajar district, Wonosobo. There were 174 samples consisted of 87 cases and 87 controls in inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling technique using consecutive sampling for cases and purposive sampling for controls. The variables studied were DTP-HB-Hib immunization, nutritional status, exclusive breastfeeding, mother‟s age, mother‟s knowledge, mother‟s educational level, practice of search health care facilities, habits of hands washing, habits of clean the bedroom of children under five years, air pollution, house condition and social economic status. Data collected by the questionnaires and indepth interview. Analysis of data are using bivariate with chi square test and multivariate with multiple logistic regression Result: Not giving DTP-HB-Hib immunization (aOR=2.84; 95%CI=1.24-6.49), not exclusive breastfeeding (aOR=2.55; 95%CI=1.20-5.42), less of mother‟s knowledge of pneumonia (aOR=4.15; 95%CI=1.54-11.16), lately maternal treatment to health care facilities (aOR=2.42; 95% CI=1.06-5.54), and habits of mother whom does not clean the room of her children under five years (aOR=3.98; 95%CI=1.79-8.81) were proven as risk factors of pneumonia in children under five years. Probability is amounted 95.4%. Conclusion: Risk factors of pneumonia in children under five years were no immunization DTP-HB-Hib, not exclusive breastfeeding, less of mother‟s knowledge of pneumonia, lately maternal treatment to health care facilities and the habit of mother whom does not clean the room of her children under five years. Keywords: pneumonia, risk factors, children under five year

Correlation between chest x-ray findings and outcomes of patients with mechanical ventilation

Background Most infants and children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) have respiratory distress and pulmonary disease as underlying conditions. Mechanical ventilation may be used to limit morbidity and mortality in children with respiratory failure. Objective To assess a correlation between chest x-ray findings and outcomes of patients with mechanical ventilation. Methods This retrospective study was held in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia. Data was collected from the medical records of children admitted to the PICU from January to December 2010, who suffered from respiratory distress and used mechanical ventilation. We compared chest x-ray findings to the outcomes of patients. Radiological expertise was provided by radiologists on duty at the time. Chi-square and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis. Results There were 63 subjects in our study, consisting of 28 males and 35 females. Patient outcomes were defined as survived or died, 43 subjects ( 68%) and 20 subjects (3 2%), respectively. Chest x-ray findings revealed the following conditions: bronchopneumonia 48% (P=0.298; 95%CI 0.22 to 1.88), pleural effusion 43% (P=0.280; 95%CI 0.539 to 4.837) , pulmonary edema 6% (P=0.622; 95%CI 0.14 to 14.62) and atelectasis 3% (P=0.538; 95%CI 0.03 to 7 .62). None of the chest x-ray findings significantly correlated to patient outcomes. Conclusion Chest x-ray findings do not correlate to patient outcomes in pediatric subjects with mechanical ventilation in the PICU of Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia

BERBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDAH (BBLR) (Studi di Beberapa Puskesmas Kota Makassar

Latar Belakang : Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan masih merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas perinatal. Di Indonesia angka kejadian BBLR sebesar 10,2%. BBLR disebabkan oleh multifaktor antara lain faktor ibu, faktor janin, dan faktor lingkungan. Tujuan untuk menjelaskan apakah berbagai faktor ibu dan lingkungan merupakan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian BBLR. Metode : Menggunakan desain case control. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 138 responden terdiri atas 69 kasus dan 69 kontrol yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Kasus adalah ibu dengan bayi lahir berat <2500 gram, tanpa memandang umur kehamilan dan kontrol adalah ibu dengan bayi lahir berat ≥ 2500 gram, tanpa memandang umur kehamilan. Pemilihan sampel kasus secara consecutive sampling dan kontrol secara simple radom sampling, dengan matching pada jenis kelamin dan tempat. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini yaitu usia ibu, status gizi, penyakit kehamilan, jarak kehamilan, anggota keluarga merokok dalam rumah, budaya pantangan makanan tertentu, status ANC, status sosial ekonomi. Variabel terikat yaitu kejadian BBLR. Variabel confounding adalah tingkat pendidikan ibu dan paritas. Hasil: Faktor ibu yang terbukti sebagai faktor risiko kejadian BBLR adalah status gizi kurang (OR=5.357; 95%CI=1.985-14.457), penyakit kehamilan (OR=3.976; 95%CI=1.669-9.476). Faktor ibu dan lingkungan yang terbukti bukan sebagai faktor risiko kejadian BBLR adalah usia ibu 35 tahun, jarak kehamilan < 2 tahun, anggota keluarga merokok dalam rumah, budaya pantangan makanan tertentu, status ANC < 4x, status sosial ekonomi rendah. Simpulan: Status gizi kurang, penyakit kehamilan merupakan faktor risiko terhadap kejadian BBLR. Probabilitas menyebabkan kejadian BBLR jika terdapat 2 faktor risiko tersebut sebesar 68.87% Kata Kunci: Bayi berat lahir rendah, faktor risiko, status gizi, dan penyakit kehamilan Background: Low-birth-weight (LBW) as community health problem have remained as the main cause of prenatal morbidity and mortality. In Indonesia, the occurrence rate of LBW has reached 10,2%. LBW has caused by multifactors such as maternal factor, fetus factor, and environmental factor. The aim of the study was to elaborate if maternal factor and environmental factor are the risk factors contributing to LBW occurrence. Method: The study was based on case control design. The number of samples was 138 respondents who were categorized into 69 cases and 69 controls fulfilling the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The cases were mothers with babies having birth weight <2500 grams regarding the gestational age, and the controls were mothers with babies having birth weight ≥2500 grams regarding the gestational age. Sampling method to the cases was conducted by consecutive sampling while sampling to the controls was conducted by simple random sampling with matching to sex and location. The independent variables in the study were mother’s age, nutritional status, illness pregnancy, the spacing of pregnancy, the of family members smoking at home, the of a food taboos culture, ANC status, social economy status. The dependent variable was LBW occurrence. The confounding variable s were mother’s educational background and parity. Result: Maternal factors observed as risk factors contributing to LBW are low nutritional status (OR=5.357; 95%CI=1.985-14.457), illness pregnancy (OR=3.976; 95%CI=1.669-9.476). Maternal factors and environmental factors observed as non-risk factors to LBWN are age 35 years, the spacing of pregnancy < 2 years, the of family members smoking at home,, the of a food taboos culture, ANC status < 4x , low social economy status. Conclusion: low nutritional status, illness pregnancy are risk factors contributing to LBW occurrence. The probability of LBW occurrence when those risk factors observed are 68,87%. Key words: Low-birth-weight newborns, risk factors, nutritional status, and illness pregnanc

FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN STUNTING PADA BALITA 24-59 BULAN(STUDI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS GUNTUR 1 KABUPATEN DEMAK)

Latar Belakang:Anak yangstunting umumnya akan mengalami hambatan dalam perkembangan kognitif dan motorik, serta pada usia dewasa berisiko terkena penyakit jantung, hipertensi, diabetes, dan obesitas.Pada tahun 2017, 22,2% atau sekitar 150,8 juta balita di dunia mengalami stunting, lebih dari setengah balita stunting di dunia berasal dari Asia (55%). Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita 24-59 bulan. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik observasional melalui pendekatan kasus kontrol. Populasi studi adalah semua balita 24-59 bulan di Kabupaten Demak. Sampel sebanyak 64 orang dari 32 kasus dan 32 kontrol. Variabel yang diteliti meliputi riwayat bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR), riwayat panjang badan lahir, ASI eksklusif, asupan energi, asupan protein, penyakit infeksi kronis, penyakit kecacingan, perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS), tinggi badan ayah, tinggi badan ibu, jarak kelahiran, dan pendapatan keluarga. Analisis data dilakukan secara bivariat menggunakan Chi Square dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil Penelitian : Variabel yang terbukti merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita 24-59 bulan di wilayah kerja puskesmas Guntur 1 adalah asupan energi rendah (p=0,016 ; aOR= 5,780 ; 95%CI 1,379-24,225), tinggi badan ayah <162 cm (p=0,040 ; aOR= 4,132 ; 95%CI 1,066-16,010), dan tinggi badan ibu <150 cm (p=0,027 ; aOR= 5,772; 95%CI 1,221-27,297). Simpulan : Asupan energi rendah, tinggi badan ayah <162 cm, dan tinggi badan ibu <150 cm merupakan faktor risiko kejadian stunting balita 24-59 bulan dengan probabilitas sebesar 44%. Kata kunci : Asupan energi, Tinggi badan orang tua, Stunting balita 24-59 bulan. Background : Stunting children generally will experience barries in cognitive and motor development, in adulthood the risk of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. In 2017, 22,2% or around 150,8 million childs in the world experienced stunting, more than half of the world’s children from Asia (55%). This study aims to prove the risk factors for stunting in children aged 24-59 month. Methods : This research is an observational analytic study using case control design. Population this study was all children aged 24-59 month in Demak regency. Total sample were 64 participants that consist of 32 cases and 32 controls. Variable included low birth weight, low birth length, exclusive breastfeeding, energy intake, protein intake, chronic infections, worm disease, healthy life behaviour, father’s heigth, mother’s heigth, birth interval, and family income. Result : Variable which is a risk factor of stunting in children aged 24-59 month in Guntur 1 health center working area were low energy intake (p=0,016 ; aOR= 5,780 ; 95%CI 1,379-24,225), father’s heigth <162 cm (p=0,040 ; aOR= 4,132 ; 95%CI 1,066-16,010), and mother’s height <150 cm (p=0,027 ; aOR= 5,772; 95%CI 1,221-27,297). Conclusion : Risk factors for stunting in children aged 24-59 month are low energy intake, father’s heigth <162 cm, mother’s heigth <150 cm with the probability of 44%. Keyword : Energy intake, Parent’s heigth, Stunting for children aged 24-59 month

FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KLB CAMPAK ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR

Measles is a very contagious disease and still a health problem in Indonesia. Immunization coverage of measles BIAS in Pesawaran District is quite good (98.8%), but the incidence measles outbreaks in elementary school-age children still occur, this can be caused by various child factors, maternal and environmental factors. The purpose to examine the factors that influence outbreaks of measles are children of primary school age. The observational analytics study design with a mix methods approach. The participants consist of 27 cases and 54 controls, in-depth interviews with UKS teachers. Dependent variable was measles outbreak incidence in primary school age, independent variables were contact history, maternal age, maternal education, occupancy density, and UKS teacher knowledge. Bivariate using Chi Square test and multivariate analysis using logistic regression test. The result of bivariate analysis showed that there was a correlation between contact history (p=0,001), maternal age (p=0,009), occupancy density (p=0,023) with the incidence of measles outbreaks of primary school age children. Logistic regression test showed the significance value of contact history (p= 0,024), occupancy density (p=0,036), The result of in-depth interviews UKS teacher knowledge about measles is good. Conclusion of the factors that influence the incidence of measles outbreaks of primary school age children is a history of contact and occupany density with probability 83,25%. This research needs to be continued by examining other risk factors such as nutritional status, areas prone to outbreaks and implementation of the Clean and Healthy Behavior Program (PHBS) in schools

BEBERAPA FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN CAMPAK ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR PADA PERISTIWA KLB DI KABUPATEN PESAWARAN PROVINSI LAMPUNG

Latar Belakang: Campak merupakan penyakit menular, masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia. Tahun 2017 cakupan BIAS campak Kabupaten Pesawaran 98,8%, meskipun cakupan cukup baik, namun kasus campak pada anak usia sekolah dasar masih sering terjadi, hingga terjadi peristiwa KLB. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor anak, faktor ibu dan faktor lingkungan. Tujuan: Meneliti pengaruh faktor anak, ibu dan lingkungan terhadap kejadian campak anak usia sekolah dasar pada peristiwa KLB campak di Kabupaten Pesawaran. Metode: Penelitian mix methods, desain studi kasus kontrol didukung wawancara mendalam. Jumlah responden 81 responden, terdiri 27 kasus dan 54 kontrol diambil secara purposive sampling. Variabel dependen adalah kejadian campak anak usia sekolah dasar pada peristiwa KLB. Variabel independen meliputi faktor anak, ibu dan lingkungan. Analisis secara bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil: Variabel yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kejadian campak di Kabupaten Pesawaran, yaitu : riwayat imunisasi campak/BIAS (p = 0,004 OR = 13,716, 95%CI = 2,286-82,301), riwayat kontak dengan penderita campak (p = 0,024 OR = 4,141, 95%CI = 1,208-14,201), kepadatan hunian (p = 0,036 OR = 3,971, 95%CI = 1,092-14,443), dan ventilasi rumah (p = 0,036 OR = 3,591, 95%CI = 1,089-11,843). Hasil wawancara mendalam menguatkan hasil analisis kuantitatif bahwa masih terdapat tokoh agama tidak mendukung imunisasi. Simpulan: Beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian campak anak usia sekolah dasar pada peristiwa KLB adalah riwayat imunisasi campak/BIAS, riwayat kontak dengan penderita campak, kepadatan hunian, dan ventilasi rumah dikuatkan dukungan tokoh agama tehadap imunisasi. Kata kunci : campak, KLB, imunisasi BIAS, dukungan tokoh agama Background: Measles is an contagious disease, still a health problem in Indonesia. In 2017 the measles BIAS immunization coverage in Pesawaran District was 98.8%, although coverage was quite good, but measles cases in primary school-aged children were still common, until the outbreak occured. This can be caused by various child factors, maternal factors and environmental factors. Purpose: To examine the effect of child, maternal and environment factors on the incidence of measles in primary school-aged children in measles outbreaks event in Pesawaran District. Methods: Mix methods research with case control study design supported by in-depth interviews. The participants were 81 volunteer, consist of 27 cases and 54 controls taken by purposive sampling. Dependent variable was incidence of measles in primary school age children in the outbreak event. Independent variables were child, maternal and environment factors. Bivariate and multivariate analysis. Result: Variables that had been proven to affect incidence of measles in Pesawaran District, were history of measles immunization (p= 0,004 OR = 13,716, 95%CI = 2,286-82,301), contact history with measles case (p=0,024 OR = 4,141, 95%CI = 1,208-14,201), occupancy density (p= 0,036 OR = 3,971, 95%CI = 1,092-14,443), and home ventilation (p= 0,036 OR = 3,591, 95%CI = 1,089-11,843). The resuts of the in-depth interviews supoorted the results of quantitative analysis that there was still a clash of religious leaders who did not support immunization. Conclusion: Factor that had been proven to incidence of measles in primary school age children in outbreaks were history of measles Immunization/BIAS, history of contact with measles case, occupancy density, and home ventilation strengthened by the support of religious leaders towards immunization. Keywords : measles, outbreaks, BIAS immunization, support of religious leader

PENGARUH KONSELING LAKTASI TERHADAP PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF SELAMA DUA BULAN (Studi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Candi lama Kecamatan Candisari Kota Semarang)

Latar Belakang : Cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Kota Semarang khususnya wilayah kerja Puskesmas Candi lama belum mencapai target nasional. Memberikan konseling laktasi oleh konselor ASI merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intervensi konseling laktasi terhadap keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif selama dua bulan. Metode : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi quasi eksperimen. Populasi adalah kelompok ibu dengan usia kehamilan 37 – 42 minggu. Jumlah subyek 32 ibu dikelompokkan 2 kelompok, kelompok eksperimen (kelompok yang diberikan konseling laktasi intensif 6 kali selama 3 bulan, n = 16) dan kelompok kontrol (kelompok yang tidak diberikan konseling laktasi tetapi diberikan leaflet ASI eksklusif, n = 16). Variabel confounding yang diteliti adalah usia, tingkat pendidikan, jenis persalinan, IMD dan jumlah anak. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi Square. Hasil : Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan karakteristik pada kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Proporsi ibu yang berhasil memberikan ASI eksklusif selama dua bulan pada kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi (93,75%) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol (31,25%). Ada perbedaan signifikan mengenai keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif selama dua bulan antara kelompok eksperimen dengan kelompok kontrol (P = 0,001 dengan CI 1,435 – 6,273). Simpulan : Konseling laktasi berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif selama dua bulan. Kata kunci : Konseling laktasi, ASI eksklusif, Dua bulan. Background : The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the area of Semarang city, especially the working area of the Candi lama Public health center, has not yet reached the national target. Providing lactation counseling by ASI counselors is one of the efforts to increase exclusive breastfeeding. This study was aimed to determine the effect of lactation counseling intervention to exclusive breastfeeding for two months. Method : This research was based on quasi-experimental study design. The population of this study was a group of mothers who were in the 37-42 weeks of pregnancy. The number of the subjects was 32 mothers who were grouped into 2 groups, the experimental group (groups given intensive lactation counseling 6 times for 3 months, n = 16) and the control group (groups not given lactation counseling but were given exclusive ASI leaflets, n = 16). Confounding variables in this study were age, education level, type of giving birth, early breastfeeding initiation, and total of children. The data were then analyzed using Chi Square test. Result : There were no significant differences in characteristics in the experimental and control groups. The proportion of mothers who managed to give exclusive breastfeeding for two months in the experimental group was higher (93.75%) compared to the control group (31.25%). There were significant differences of exclusive breastfeeding for two months between experimental group with control group (P = 0.001 with CI 1.435 - 6.273) Conclusion : There is the effect of lactation counseling to exclusive breastfeeding for two months. Key Words : Lactation counseling, Exclusive breastfeeding, Two months

Berbagai Faktor Risiko Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah (BBLR) (Studi di Beberapa Puskesmas Kota Makassar)

Background: Low-birth-weight (LBW) as community health problem have remained as the main cause of prenatal morbidity and mortality. In Indonesia, the occurrence rate of LBW has reached 10,2%. LBW has caused by multifactors such as maternal factor, fetus factor, and environmental factor. The aim of the study was to elaborate if maternal factor and environmental factor are the risk factors contributing to LBW occurrence.Method: The study was based on case control design. The number of samples was 138 respondents who were categorized into 69 cases and 69 controls fulfilling the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. The cases were mothers with babies having birth weight 35 years, the spacing of pregnancy < 2 years, the of family members smoking at home, the of a food taboos culture, ANC status < 4x , low social economy status.Conclusion: Low nutritional status, illness pregnancy are risk factors contributing to LBW occurrence. The probability of LBW occurrence when those risk factors observed are 68,87%