Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism and ACE Inhibitor-Related Cough: A Meta-Analysis

Objective: An insertion/deletion (I/D) variant in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene was associated with ACE inhibitor (ACEI)-related cough in previous studies. However, the results were inconsistent. Our objective was to assess the relationship between the ACE I/D polymorphism and ACEI-related cough by meta-analysis and to summarize all studies that are related to ACE I/D polymorphism and ACEI-cough and make a summary conclusion to provide reference for the researchers who attempt to conduct such a study. Methods: Databases including PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure, were searched for genetic association studies. Data were extracted by two independent authors and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Metaregression and subgroup analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. Results: Eleven trials, including 906 cases (ACEI-related cough) and 1,175 controls, were reviewed in the present meta-analysis. The random effects pooled OR was 1.16 (95% CI: 0.78-1.74, p = 0.46) in the dominant model and 1.61 (95% CI: 1.18-2.20, p = 0.003) in the recessive model. Heterogeneity was found among and within studies. Metaregression indicated that the effect size was positively associated with age and negatively associated with follow-up duration of ACEI treatment. Subgroup analysis revealed a significant association between ACE I/D polymorphism and ACEI-related cough in studies with mean age >60 y, but not in studies with mean age 2 mo or in studies in Caucasians. No heterogeneity was detected in these two subgroups. Conclusions: Synthesis of the available evidence supports ACE I/D polymorphism as an age-dependent predictor for risk of ACEI-related cough

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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The Effect of Complex Interventions on Depression and Anxiety in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background Depression and anxiety are very common in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are associated with excess morbidity and mortality. Patients prefer non-drug treatments and clinical guidelines promote non-pharmacological interventions as first line therapy for depression and anxiety in people with long term conditions. However the comparative effectiveness of psychological and lifestyle interventions among COPD patients is not known. We assessed whether complex psychological and/or lifestyle interventions are effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with COPD. We then determined what types of psychological and lifestyle interventions are most effective. Methods and Findings Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of psychological and/or lifestyle interventions for adults with COPD that measured symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, CINAHL, ISI Web of Science and Scopus were searched up to April 2012. Meta-analyses using random effects models were undertaken to estimate the average effect of interventions on depression and anxiety. Thirty independent comparisons from 29 randomised controlled trials (n = 2063) were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, psychological and/or lifestyle interventions were associated with small reductions in symptoms of depression (standardised mean difference −0.28, 95% confidence interval −0.41 to −0.14) and anxiety (standardised mean difference −0.23, 95% confidence interval −0.38 to −0.09). Multi-component exercise training was the only intervention subgroup associated with significant treatment effects for depression (standardised mean difference −0.47, 95% confidence interval −0.66 to −0.28), and for anxiety (standardised mean difference −0.45, 95% confidence interval −0.71 to −0.18). Conclusions Complex psychological and/or lifestyle interventions that include an exercise component significantly improve symptoms of depression and anxiety in people with COPD. Furthermore, multi-component exercise training effectively reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression in all people with COPD regardless of severity of depression or anxiety, highlighting the importance of promoting physical activity in this population

Evaluating folate extraction from infant milk formulae and adult nutritionals: Enzymatic digestion versus enzyme-free heat treatment

© 2017 Elsevier Ltd This study compares enzymatic treatments to release folic acid (FA) and endogenous 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) from infant milk formulae with enzyme-free heat extraction. The limits of detection and quantitation of FA were 1.4 ng/mL and 3.1 ng/mL, respectively; 7.5 ng/mL and 16.2 ng/mL for 5-MTHF. Absolute mean recoveries were 85% (FA) and 95% (5-MTHF). The RSD of the within-run variability was 6% and the inter-day variability was 8%. Averaged measurements of FA and 5-MTHF in SRM-1849a were within the certified value range. Analysed folate levels in three brands were greater than label values, because of inherently high 5-MTHF occurring in samples. The results indicate that enzyme-free heat treatment prior to UPLC–MS/MS analysis gives better sensitivity and reduces chromatographic interferences for the determination of FA and 5-MTHF in milk formulae than enzymatic treatments. Enzyme-free heat treatment is more compatible with UPLC–MS/MS than folate extraction techniques involving the addition of enzymes to milk

Strategic design of a ruthenium catalyst for both CO<inf>2</inf> reduction and H<inf>2</inf>O oxidation: The electronic influence of the co-ligands

A new ruthenium(ii) complex capable of catalysing both CO2 reduction and water oxidation was designed and synthesised. The electro-catalytic efficiency and robustness of the complex together with the electronic effect of its co-ligands were investigated to develop next generation dual activity electrocatalysts

On the use of test gases of various radii to investigate molecular sieving in leak channels

Evidence of the effect of molecule size (molecular sieving) was discovered in leak channels similar to those found in hermetically sealed implantable bionics. A range of test gases of different molecular sizes was used to investigate the relative leak rates of several different samples. A contemporary model of molecular sieving is shown to be in partial agreement with our data

An easy one-pot synthesis of diverse 2,5-di(2-pyridyl)pyrroles: A versatile entry point to metal complexes of functionalised, meridial and tridentate 2,5-di(2-pyridyl)pyrrolato ligands

A wide variety of 2,5-di(2-pyridyl)pyrroles (dppHs) substituted at the C3 and C4 positions of the pyrrole core were obtained by direct condensation of a 2-pyridylcarboxaldehyde (2 equiv), an α-methylene ketone with at least one electron-withdrawing substituent and ammonium acetate. A novel 2,5-di(1,10-phenanthrolin-2-yl)pyrrole was also characterised. The dppHs provide a direct, quick entry to dipyridylpyrrolato (dpp-)-metal complexes. The meridial tridentate dpp- ligand is a useful anionic analogue of the terpyridyl ligand. The first (dpp)Ru complexes are described; the 3,4-substitution of the central pyrrole significantly perturbs the potentials of the redox processes of these complexes. A [(dpp)Ru(bpy)(MeCN)]+ (bpy=2,2′-bipyridine) complex is an electrocatalyst for the reductive disproportionation of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and the carbonate ion. One pot to tool them all: A diverse range of functionalised di(2-pyridyl) pyrrolate (dpp-) anions are available from easy one-pot reactions and readily form stable coordination complexes with transition-metal ions that exhibit useful electrochemical and spectroscopic properties (see figure; Fc=ferrocene). © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim