211 research outputs found
The Relationship between Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Europe
In Europe, antimicrobial resistance has been monitored since 1998 by the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (EARSS). We examined the relationship between penicillin nonsusceptibility of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae (an indicator organism) and antibiotic sales. Information was collected on 1998-99 resistance data for invasive isolates of S. pneumoniae to penicillin, based on surveillance data from EARSS and on outpatient sales during 1997 for beta-lactam antibiotics and macrolides. Our results show that in Europe antimicrobial resistance is correlated with use of beta-lactam antibiotics and macrolides
Influence of Atmospheric Circulation Patterns on Urban Air Quality During the Winter
Relationships between urban nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and atmospheric circulation at two spatial scales were studied for Southern Sweden. Lamb Weather Types (LWT) describe the circulation (scale: thousands of kilometers) including nonâdirectional (cyclonic and anticyclonic) and directional types depending on the wind direction. LWTs with low wind speeds (anticyclonic, NW and N) were associated with strongly elevated [NO2], between 46â52% of the daily averages of NO2 exceeded the 60 ÎŒg mâ3 air quality standard (AQS) when occurring during these LWTs. The lowest fractions of exceedances of NO2 AQS were generally observed for LWTs E, S, SW and W. A larger scale circulation (several thousands of kilometers) was represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) affecting meteorology over middle and high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. While a negative NAO index (NAOI) favors stagnant high pressure weather over Northern Europe, a positive NAOI is often associated with windy conditions. High [NO2] was found to be frequent under negative NAOI. Additionally, larger fractions of exceedances of NO2 AQS were observed for the majority of LWTs occurring at negative NAOI. Itâs concluded that both LWTs and NAOI had partly independent effects on the urban air quality in a North European city. These circulation indices can be useful tools for air pollution risk assessment and forecasting
Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 45, No. 3
âą Folklife at the Margins: Cultural Conservation for the Schuylkill Heritage Corridor âą The Goschenhoppen Historians: Preserving and Celebrating Pennsylvania German Folk Culture âą The African American Festival of Odunde: Twenty Years on South Street âą Joanna Furnace: Then and Now âą Port Clinton: A Peek Into the Pasthttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1146/thumbnail.jp
Lösungen und LeitfĂ€den fĂŒr das institutionelle Forschungsdatenmanagement
Hochschulen und deren Zentraleinrichtungen beschĂ€ftigen sich zunehmend mit dem Thema Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM), um ihre Forschenden adĂ€quat zu unterstĂŒtzen. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund neuer Verlags- und Förderanforderungen wĂŒnschen sich Forschende Beratung und Orientierung, wie sie mit ihren Forschungsdaten umgehen sollen. Damit Hochschulen schnell und nachhaltig Lösungen zum institutionellen FDM etablieren können, haben fĂŒnf Berliner und Brandenburger UniversitĂ€ten im gemeinsamen Verbundvorhaben FDMentor mit Förderung des Bundesministeriums fĂŒr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) entsprechende LeitfĂ€den und Werkzeuge erarbeitet. Die innerhalb von zwei Jahren (2017â2019) entstandenen Ergebnisse in den Bereichen Strategieentwicklung, Forschungsdaten-Policy, rechtliche Aspekte und Kompetenzausbau finden ĂŒber das Verbundprojekt hinaus ihre Anwendung.Peer Reviewe
Evidence for a narrow dip structure at 1.9 GeV/c in diffractive photoproduction
A narrow dip structure has been observed at 1.9 GeV/c in a study of
diffractive photoproduction of the final state performed by the
Fermilab experiment E687.Comment: The data of Figure 6 can be obtained by downloading the raw data file
e687_6pi.txt. v5 (2nov2018): added Fig. 7, the 6 pion energy distribution as
requested by a reade
Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory
A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding
eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers
with zenith angles greater than detected with the Pierre Auger
Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum
confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above
eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law with
index followed by
a smooth suppression region. For the energy () at which the
spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence
of suppression, we find
eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory
The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger
Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers.
These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of
the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray
energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30
to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of
the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is
determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated
using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due
to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components.
The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of
the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the
AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air
shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy
-- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy
estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the
surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator
scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent
emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for
the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at
least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO
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