Geschäftsprozessmanagement — Einsatz, Weiterentwicklung und Anpassungsmöglichkeiten aus Methodiksicht

Zusammenfassungen: Unternehmen setzen das Konzept des Geschäftsprozessmanagements (Business Process Management, BPM) in vollkommen unterschiedlicher Art und Weise um. Durch eine empirische Untersuchung wurden vier Einflussfaktoren identifiziert, auf deren Grundlage vier grundsätzlich unterschiedliche (Ist- )BPM-Ansätze unterschieden werden können. Wenn zusätzlich auch BPM-Weiterentwicklungspläne einbezogen werden, ergeben sich fünf dominierende BPM-Projekttypen. Anhand zweier Beispiele wird illustriert, wie die Unterscheidung von BPM-Ansätzen und - Projekttypen zur situationsspezifischen Fortentwicklung bestehender Referenzmodelle und Methoden im Bereich BPM eingesetzt werden könne

Critical Success Factors ofService Orientation inInformation Systems Engineering: Derivation and Empirical Evaluation ofaCausal Model

Service orientation has been a major buzz-word in recent years. While the buzz is on a decline, organizations are slowly, but steadily moving towards service oriented designs. However, service orientation turns out to be as much of a managerial challenge as of a technical one. The most important complexity drivers in the service oriented design of information systems seem to be (a) inconsistent design goals of stakeholders and (b) the pursuit of exhaustive service orientation coverage. This research focuses on the following two questions: (1)What are the characteristics of successful implementations of service oriented information systems, and (2)what are the critical success factors influencing, driving and/or, determining these characteristics? Data of an empirical analysis is used to test a set of cause-effect relationship hypotheses based on nine latent variables. In the core of this model we differentiate the variables "overall service orientation infrastructure success” and "service orientation project success”. The hypothesized interrelationships between the nine variables lead to a causal model which is proven to hol

A note on semi-conjugacy for circle actions

We define a notion of semi-conjugacy between orientation-preserving actions of a group on the circle, which for fixed point free actions coincides with a classical definition of Ghys. We then show that two circle actions are semi-conjugate if and only if they have the same bounded Euler class. This settles some existing confusion present in the literature.Comment: 39 pages. Improved version of the previous manuscript, incorporating further historical remarks and a discussion of the equivalence between semiconjugacy and monotone equivalenc

Critical Success Factors of Service Orientation in Information Systems Engineering

Service orientation has been a majorbuzz-word in recent years. While thebuzz is on a decline, organizations areslowly, but steadily moving towardsservice oriented designs. However, serviceorientation turns out to be as muchof a managerial challenge as of a technicalone. The most important complexitydrivers in the service orienteddesign of information systems seemto be (a) inconsistent design goals ofstakeholders and (b) the pursuit of exhaustiveservice orientation coverage.This research focuses on the followingtwo questions: (1) What are the characteristicsof successful implementationsof service oriented informationsystems, and (2) what are the criticalsuccess factors influencing, drivingand/or, determining these characteristics?Data of an empirical analysis isused to test a set of cause-effect relationshiphypotheses based on nine latentvariables. In the core of this modelwe differentiate the variables “overallservice orientation infrastructure success”and “service orientation projectsuccess”. The hypothesized interrelationshipsbetween the nine variableslead to a causal model which is provento hold

GLES Open Science Strategie

Das hier vorliegende Dokument beschreibt die strategische Ausrichtung der German Longitudinal Election Study (GLES) zur Förderung von Open Science (Offene Wissenschaft). Hierbei wird anhand von vier Grundpfeilern des Konzepts von Open Science - Open Methodology, Open Data, Open Source und Open Access - dargestellt, in welchen Bereichen die GLES derzeit gut abschneidet, in welchen Bereichen noch Verbesserungspotentiale vorhanden sind und welche Maßnahmen eingeleitet werden sollen, um die GLES nach Open Science Grundsätzen auszurichten. Die Umsetzung dieser Maßnahmen ist als langfristiger Prozess gedacht, bei dem existierende und neue Arbeitsprozesse sich am Ideal einer offenen Wissenschaftspraxis orientieren sollen. Ziel der hier vorgestellten Strategie soll es sein, sowohl Prozesse der Datenerhebung und Datenaufbereitung offen und transparent zu gestalten, als auch Forschende aktiv beim Praktizieren einer offenen Wissenschaft zu unterstützen. Das Dokument wurde von den Autor*innen in enger Rücksprache mit dem gesamten GLES Team bei GESIS und der Koordinierungsgruppe (KG) der GLES verfasst

Spectroscopic Study of the Excitonic Structure in Monolayer MoS2 under Multivariate Physical and Chemical Stimuli

Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy has proven to provide deep insights into the optoelectronic properties of monolayer MoS2. Herein, a corresponding study is conducted on the excitonic properties of mechanically exfoliated monolayer MoS2 under multivariate physical and chemical stimuli. Specifically, midgap exciton states that originate from lattice defects are characterized and they are compared to existing models. Through statistical data analyses of substrate-, temperature-, and laser-power-dependent measurements, a PL enhancement is revealed through physisorption of water molecules of the controversially discussed excited-state A biexciton (Axx). In addition, analyses of monolayer MoS2 on gold substrates show that surface roughness does not account for changes in doping level within the material. Also, a shift in the electron–phonon coupling properties that arises from thin films of water that are physisorbed on top of the samples is reported.Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Peer Reviewe

1D p–n Junction Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices from Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Lateral Heterostructures Grown by One-Pot Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis

Lateral heterostructures of dissimilar monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides provide great opportunities to build 1D in-plane p–n junctions for sub-nanometer thin low-power electronic, optoelectronic, optical, and sensing devices. Electronic and optoelectronic applications of such p–n junction devices fabricated using a scalable one-pot chemical vapor deposition process yielding MoSe2-WSe2 lateral heterostructures are reported here. The growth of the monolayer lateral heterostructures is achieved by in situ controlling the partial pressures of the oxide precursors by a two-step heating protocol. The grown lateral heterostructures are characterized structurally and optically using optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy/microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy/microscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy further confirms the high-quality 1D boundary between MoSe2 and WSe2 in the lateral heterostructure. p–n junction devices are fabricated from these lateral heterostructures and their applicability as rectifiers, solar cells, self-powered photovoltaic photodetectors, ambipolar transistors, and electroluminescent light emitters are demonstrated. © 2021 The Authors. Advanced Functional Materials published by Wiley-VCH Gmb

Infections after kidney transplantation: A comparison of mTOR‐Is and CNIs as basic immunosuppressants. A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Background Side effects of the immunosuppressive therapy after solid organ transplantation are well known. Recently, significant benefits were shown for mTOR‐Is with respect to certain viral infections in comparison with CNIs. However, reported total incidences of infections under mTOR‐Is vs CNIs are usually not different. This raises the question to additional differences between these immunosuppressants regarding development and incidence of infections. Methods The current literature was searched for prospective randomized controlled trials in renal transplantation. There were 954 trials screened of which 19 could be included (9861 pts.). The 1‐year incidence of infections, patient and graft survival were assessed in meta‐analyses. Results Meta‐analysis on 1‐year incidence of infections showed a significant benefit of an mTOR‐I based therapy when combined with a CNI vs CNI‐based therapy alone (OR 0.76). There was no difference between mTOR‐I w/o CNI and CNI therapy (OR 0.97). For pneumonia, a significant disadvantage was seen only for mTOR‐I monotherapy compared to CNI's (OR 2.09). The incidence of CMV infections was significantly reduced under mTOR‐I therapy (combination with CNI: OR 0.30; mTOR w/o CNI: OR: 0.46). There was no significant difference between mTOR‐I and CNI therapy with respect to patient survival (mTOR‐I w/o CNI vs CNI: OR 1.22; mTOR‐I with CNI vs CNI: OR 0.86). Graft survival was negatively affected by mTOR‐I monotherapy (OR 1.52) but not when combined with a CNI (OR 0.97). Conclusion Following renal transplantation the incidence of infections is lower when mTOR‐Is are combined with a CNI compared to a standard CNI therapy. Pneumonia occurs more often under mTOR‐I w/o CNI

Experience in the Adaptive Immunity Impacts Bone Homeostasis, Remodeling, and Healing

Bone formation as well as bone healing capacity is known to be impaired in the elderly. Although bone formation is outpaced by bone resorption in aged individuals, we hereby present a novel path that considerably impacts bone formation and architecture: Bone formation is substantially reduced in aged individual owing to the experience of the adaptive immunity. Thus, immune-aging in addition to chronological aging is a potential risk factor, with an experienced immune system being recognized as more pro-inflammatory. The role of the aging immune system on bone homeostasis and on the bone healing cascade has so far not been considered. Within this study mice at different age and immunological experience were analyzed toward bone properties. Healing was assessed by introducing an osteotomy, immune cells were adoptively transferred to disclose the difference in biological vs. chronological aging. In vitro studies were employed to test the interaction of immune cell products (cytokines) on cells of the musculoskeletal system. In metaphyseal bone, immune-aging affects bone homeostasis by impacting bone formation capacity and thereby influencing mass and microstructure of bone trabeculae leading to an overall reduced mechanical competence as found in bone torsional testing. Furthermore, bone formation is also impacted during bone regeneration in terms of a diminished healing capacity observed in young animals who have an experienced human immune system. We show the impact of an experienced immune system compared to a naive immune system, demonstrating the substantial differences in the healing capacity and bone homeostasis due to the immune composition. We further showed that in vivo mechanical stimulation changed the immune system phenotype in young mice toward a more naive composition. While this rescue was found to be significant in young individuals, aged mice only showed a trend toward the reconstitution of a more naive immune phenotype. Considering the immune system's experience level in an individual, will likely allow one to differentiate (stratify) and treat (immune-modulate) patients more effectively. This work illustrates the relevance of including immune diagnostics when discussing immunomodulatory therapeutic strategies for the progressively aging population of the industrial countries