Structural Insight into the Binding Mode of FXR and GPBAR1 Modulators

In this chapter we provide an exhaustive overview of the binding modes of bile acid (BA) and non-BA ligands to the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the G-protein bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1). These two receptors play a key role in many diseases related to lipid and glucose disorders, thus representing promising pharmacological targets. We pay particular attention to the chemical and structural features of the ligand-receptor interaction, providing guidelines to achieve ligands endowed with selective or dual activity towards the receptor and paving the way to future drug design studies

Species diversification – which species should we use?

Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics; Particle tracking detectors; Gaseous detectors; Calorimeters; Cherenkov detectors; Particle identification methods; Photon detectors for UV. visible and IR photons; Detector alignment and calibration methods; Detector cooling and thermo-stabilization; Detector design and construction technologies and materials. The LHCb experiment is dedicated to precision measurements of CP violation and rare decays of B hadrons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva). The initial configuration and expected performance of the detector and associated systems. as established by test beam measurements and simulation studies. is described. © 2008 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA